The Legal Role of Establishing the Origin of the Child in Legal Relations based on Inheritance when Assisted Reproductive Technologies are Applied

Historical Review ◽

Birth Registration ◽

Hereditary Property ◽

Deceased Person ◽

Child Birth ◽

The Republic

The author argues that it is necessary to amend the current legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, namely, the procedure provided for registration of data regarding parents and child birth registration when the child is born as a result of application of assisted reproductive technologies after the death of the parent in order to make the child the participant of the relations based on inheritance. The author substantiates the conclusion that the child born after the death of the testator, after the distribution of hereditary property had taken place, will not be able to act as the participant of this hereditary relationship. However, being recognized as a legitimate child of the deceased parent, he or she will be entitled to participate in inheritance relations in future.The conclusion is made about ambiguity of the approach chosen by the Tajik law-maker depending on the branch of law to the category «child in the womb» when determining problematic aspects of defining of live birth and vitality of the child for the purpose of referring the child to the participants of hereditary legal relations.The author investigates the problems of including the child into the number of participants of hereditary legal relations in antiquity. A historical review is carried out, and separate categories of marriages created in the territory of historical Tajikistan for the purpose of the child birth in order to transfer inheritance are considered. The author has determined that Zoroastrian law allowed the child born from the deceased person prior to the conception of the child to participate in hereditary legal relations as if the child were native and would be born during the life of a «legal» father. There were no legal obstacles for a child born in this case preventing him or her from receiving inheritance The beginnings of «traditional» surrogacy motherhood in the territory of historical Tajikistan are determined.

The role of the growth hormone in assisted reproductive technologies cycles

GYNECOLOGY ◽

10.26442/20795696.2019.4.190526 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 6-8

Author(s):

Andrey Y Romanov ◽

Anastasiya G Syrkasheva ◽

Nataliya V Dolgushina ◽

Elena A Kalinina

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Live Birth ◽

Ovarian Stimulation ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Live Birth Rate ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Main Research ◽

Poor Ovarian Responders

The paper analyzes the literature data on the use of the growth hormone (GH) in ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Routine use of GH in ovarian stimulation in patients with a normal GH level does not increase pregnancy and childbirth rates in ART. Also, no benefits of using GH have been identified for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, despite the increase in insulin and IGF-1 blood levels. The main research focus is to study the use of GH in patients with poor ovarian response. According to the meta-analysis conducted by X.-L. Li et al. (2017), GH in ovarian stimulation of poor ovarian responders increases the number of received oocytes, mature oocytes number, reduces the embryo transfer cancellation rate and does not affect the fertilization rate. The pregnancy and live birth rates are significantly higher in the group of GH use - by 1.65 (95% CI 1.23-2.22) and 1.73 (95% CI 1.25-2.40) times, respectively. Thus, it is advisable to use GH in ovarian stimulation in poor ovarian responders, since it allows to increases live birth rate in ART. However, further studies should determine the optimal GH dose and assesse it`s safety in ART programs.

Pannexins and Connexins: Their Relevance for Oocyte Developmental Competence

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115918 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5918

Author(s):

Paweł Kordowitzki ◽

Gabriela Sokołowska ◽

Marta Wasielak-Politowska ◽

Agnieszka Skowronska ◽

Mariusz T. Skowronski

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Species ◽

Atp Release ◽

High Energy ◽

Developmental Competence ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Protein Group ◽

Multicellular Organisms

The oocyte is the major determinant of embryo developmental competence in all mammalian species. Although fundamental advances have been generated in the field of reproductive medicine and assisted reproductive technologies in the past three decades, researchers and clinicians are still trying to elucidate molecular factors and pathways, which could be pivotal for the oocyte’s developmental competence. The cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix communications are crucial not only for oocytes but also for multicellular organisms in general. This latter mentioned communication is among others possibly due to the Connexin and Pannexin families of large-pore forming channels. Pannexins belong to a protein group of ATP-release channels, therefore of high importance for the oocyte due to its requirements of high energy supply. An increasing body of studies on Pannexins provided evidence that these channels not only play a role during physiological processes of an oocyte but also during pathological circumstances which could lead to the development of diseases or infertility. Connexins are proteins that form membrane channels and gap-junctions, and more precisely, these proteins enable the exchange of some ions and molecules, and therefore they do play a fundamental role in the communication between the oocyte and accompanying cells. Herein, the role of Pannexins and Connexins for the processes of oogenesis, folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation and fertilization will be discussed and, at the end of this review, Pannexin and Connexin related pathologies and their impact on the developmental competence of oocytes will be provided.

The role of maternal age in the assisted reproductive technologies

Reproductive Medicine Review ◽

10.1017/s0962279999000149 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 41-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mark A Damario ◽

Owen K Davis ◽

Zev Rosenwaks

Keyword(s):

Older Women ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Ovarian Response ◽

Abortion Rate ◽

Western World ◽

Delayed Childbearing ◽

Art Outcome

Age is perhaps the most important single variable influencing outcome in the assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The effect of advancing age on clinical ART outcome is manifested not only in the pattern of ovarian response to stimulation regimens, but also in reduced implantation efficiency and an increased spontaneous abortion rate. The clinical importance of these factors is compounded by the fact that increasing numbers of older women are presenting for ART treatment. Delayed childbearing is becoming increasingly common in the western world. The availability of methods of birth control, educational and career priorities for women, and the increased rates of divorce and remarriage are some of the factors contributing to this phenomenon.

The role of ALK5 in the profile of early reproductive losses in the use of assisted reproductive technologies

Hirurg (Surgeon) ◽

10.33920/med-15-2102-09 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 70-76

Author(s):

Abuduwaili Ruziguli ◽

Nikolai Nikolaevich Rukhliada ◽

Anna Nikolaevna Taits ◽

Tatyana Ivanovna Prohorovich ◽

Tatyana Aleksandrovna Libova

Keyword(s):

Natural Killer Cells ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Embryo Transfer ◽

Spontaneous Abortion ◽

Immunohistochemical Study ◽

Decidual Tissue ◽

Reproductive Losses

This article is devoted to the assessment of the role of ALK5 in the profile of early reproductive losses in the use of assisted reproductive technologies, in particular, by using immunohistochemical study in the group of patients with early spontaneous abortion after the procedure of embryo transfer, a lower level of ALK5 expression in the decidual tissue was revealed (in comparison with control), which may be related to the occurrence of early reproductive losses caused by the imbalance in Th1 / Th2 and its effect on the increase in the concentration of natural killer cells.

The role of sex selection techniques in an assisted reproductive technologies program

A Textbook of In Vitro Fertilization and Assisted Reproduction ◽

10.1201/b14680-29 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 463-474

Author(s):

Zaid Kilani ◽

Mohammed Shaban ◽

Lamia Hassan

Keyword(s):

Sex Selection

Safety of Ovaleap® (Follitropin Alfa) in Infertile Women Undergoing Superovulation for Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Multinational Comparative, Prospective Cohort Study

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.632674 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sigal Kaplan ◽

Rachel Levy-Toledano ◽

Miranda Davies ◽

Debabrata Roy ◽

Colin M. Howles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Live Birth ◽

Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽

Birth Rates ◽

Infertile Women ◽

Live Birth Rates ◽

Follitropin Alfa ◽

Incidence Proportion

BackgroundOvaleap® (follitropin alfa), a recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone, is a biosimilar medicinal product to Gonal-f® and is used for ovarian stimulation. The main objective of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of Ovaleap® compared to Gonal-f® in one treatment cycle in routine clinical practice.MethodsSafety of Ovaleap® Follitropin alfa in Infertile women undergoing superovulation for Assisted reproductive technologies (SOFIA) was a prospective cohort study conducted in six European countries. Eligible patients were infertile women undergoing superovulation for assisted reproductive technology, who were administered Ovaleap® or Gonal-f® for ovarian stimulation and were naïve to follicle stimulating hormone treatment. The recruitment ratio was 1:1. The primary endpoint was incidence proportion of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and the secondary endpoint was OHSS severity (Grades I, II, III). The effect of risk factors or potential confounders on the odds ratio for OHSS incidence as well as treatment effect on OHSS incidence was explored using univariate logistic regression. Pregnancy and live birth rates were also assessed.ResultsA total of 408 women who were administered Ovaleap® and 409 women who were administered Gonal-f® were eligible for analysis. The incidence proportion of OHSS was 5.1% (95% CI: 3.4, 7.7) in the Ovaleap® cohort and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.9, 5.4) in the Gonal-f® cohort. This difference in OHSS incidence proportion between the two cohorts was not statistically significant neither before (p = 0.159) nor after univariate adjustment for each potential confounder (p > 0.05). The incidence proportion of OHSS severity grades was similar in the two treatment groups (3.4% versus 2.0% for Grade I, 1.2% versus 1.0% for Grade II, and 0.5% versus 0.2% for Grade III, in the Ovaleap® and Gonal-f® cohorts, respectively), without a significant statistical difference (p = 0.865, for each grade). Among patients who had embryo transfer, clinical pregnancy rates were 33% and 31% and live birth rates were 27% and 26%, in the two cohorts, respectively.ConclusionsFindings from the SOFIA study indicate that the incidence proportions of OHSS and OHSS severity, as well as pregnancy and live birth rates, are similar between Ovaleap® and Gonal-f® treatments and corroborate the safety and effectiveness of Ovaleap® as a biosimilar to Gonal-f®.

The role of diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy in assisted reproductive technologies

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00147-2 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 378-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Giovanni B La Sala ◽

Rossella Montanari ◽

Luisella Dessanti ◽

Corrado Cigarini ◽

Fabrizio Sartori

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Biopsy ◽

Diagnostic Hysteroscopy

P–716 The relationship of men’s adherence to the Mediterranean diet with sperm parameters and outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deab130.715 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

A Salas-Huetos ◽

M Mitsunami ◽

L Mínguez-Alarcón ◽

M Arvizu ◽

J Ford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Live Birth ◽

Clinical Pregnancy ◽

Sperm Parameters ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Study question Is men’s adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) associated with sperm parameters and couples’ outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART)? Summary answer Higher men’s adherence to the MD was associated with an increased probability of clinical pregnancy and live birth among couples undergoing ART. What is known already There is growing literature supporting the hypothesis that some nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns may be related to sperm quality and fertility. However, no previous studies analyzed the relationship of men’s adherence to the Mediterranean diet with sperm parameters and ART outcomes in the same cohort. Study design, size, duration The Environmental and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study is a prospective preconception cohort of couples seeking fertility treatment at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center (Boston, USA). This analysis includes 314 men and their female partner, who underwent 791 ART cycles (2007–2020). Diet intake was measured by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire completed prior to ART. Men’s adherence to the MD was estimated using the Trichopoulou score. Participants/materials, setting, methods Primary outcomes included: conventional sperm parameters (volume, sperm count, concentration, motility, and morphology), and ART outcomes (implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth). We estimated the marginal means and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for semen parameters and the probability of ART (95%CI) by employing generalized linear mixed models while adjusting for several potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses by changing the cut-off points of adherence to the MD were tested. Main results and the role of chance At baseline, men had a median (IQR) age of 35.6 (32.6, 38.8) years and a BMI of 26.7 (24.0, 29.4) kg/m2. Female partner age median (IQR) was 35.0 years (32.0, 38.0) and BMI 23.3 (21.3, 26.6) kg/m2. Couples were mostly white and had never smoked. Men’s adherence to the MD was not associated with seminal parameters in the multivariable-adjusted models but it was related to a higher probability of clinical pregnancy and live birth. The predicted marginal proportions and confidence intervals among men in the lowest compared with the highest quartile of adherence to the MD were 0.25 (0.14, 0.40), 0.55 (0.41, 0.68) for clinical pregnancy (P-trend=0.005), and 0.19 (0.10, 0.32), 0.42 (0.30, 0.55) for live birth (P-trend=0.014). Male partner MD dietary pattern scores were unrelated to the probability of implantation. Sensitivity analyses using tertiles and quintiles of men’s adherence to the MD showed similar associations. Limitations, reasons for caution Although we have adjusted our models by several potential confounding factors, residual confounding cannot be ruled out, and therefore our results should be interpreted with caution. The findings may not be generalizable to other populations or couples attempting conception without ART. Wider implications of the findings: According to our knowledge, this is the first study suggesting that adherence to MD could be suitable dietary guidance for men whose partners are undergoing infertility treatment. Trial registration number Not applicable

Microbiota and Human Reproduction: The Case of Female Infertility

High-Throughput ◽

10.3390/ht9020012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rossella Tomaiuolo ◽

Iolanda Veneruso ◽

Federica Cariati ◽

Valeria D’Argenio

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Tract ◽

Embryo Implantation ◽

Human Reproduction ◽

Microbial Dysbiosis ◽

Technical Issues ◽

Almost All ◽

Generation Sequencing

During the last decade, the availability of next-generation sequencing-based approaches has revealed the presence of microbial communities in almost all the human body, including the reproductive tract. As for other body sites, this resident microbiota has been involved in the maintenance of a healthy status. As a consequence, alterations due to internal or external factors may lead to microbial dysbiosis and to the development of pathologies. Female reproductive microbiota has also been suggested to affect infertility, and it may play a key role in the success of assisted reproductive technologies, such as embryo implantation and pregnancy care. While the vaginal microbiota is well described, the uterine microbiota is underexplored. This could be due to technical issues, as the uterus is a low biomass environment. Here, we review the state of the art regarding the role of the female reproductive system microbiota in women’s health and human reproduction, highlighting its contribution to infertility.