scholarly journals The Role of a Cryptocurrency in the System of Objects of Civil Law Rights

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Yegorova ◽  
O. V. Kozhevina
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Virtual Objects ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Legitimate Interests

The article gives a brief analysis of the place of a cryptocurrency in the system of objects of civil law rights. According to the results of the study, the authors conclude that it is incorrect to equate legal regimes of the cryptocurrency with the legal regime of virtual objects. The authors consider it promising to regulate legal features of the distributed ledger and register objects of civil law rights in the distributed ledger. A cryptocurrency is a means of payment that has no independent value. Thus, the mechanism of performance of obligations needs special elaboration.It is also noted that in the legal regulation of any social relations an essential role is assigned to the mechanisms and guarantees of restoration of violated rights and legitimate interests. To this end, the cryptocurrency regulation is inextricably linked with the institution of civil liability. The cryptocurrency combines the features of many civil law rights, but does not fully correspond to any of them. The assignment of the cryptocurrency to other property is possible within the framework of the current legislation without creating new objects of civil law rights, which can lead to conflicts and disputes concerning their legal regime.

scholarly journals A civil law aspect of the dual-use goods regime

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
M. G. Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Functional Purpose

The paper analyzes the civil law regime of dual-use goods in the aspect of dual-use goods turnover. The author reveals the role of civil law rules as elements of the legal regime in the legal regulation of vertical and horizontal legal relations, as well as analyzes the process of transformation of civil law rules in the course of law enforcement. The author dwells on the main legal characteristics allowing to differentiate dual-use goods, namely: technical features, scope of application, availability of export control. In the paper, the author offers his own definition of the legal regime of dual-use goods. In addition, we identify such a feature of the regime of dual-use goods as dependance of the degree of turnover of dual-use goods upon external factors.The author concludes that the functional purpose of civil law rules in the legal regime has changed.In conclusion, a number of recommendations are proposed to improve efficiency of the legal regulation of foreign economic activity in the sphere of turnover of dual-use goods. 

Иcпοлнение требοваний в οтнοшении казны РФ: гражданcкο-правοвοй режим и прοблемные аcпекты

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (0) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Iwan Korolew
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
The Face ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Compensation For Damage

Introduction: The article deals with civil runtime requirements for the Treasurу of the Russian Federation for the unlawful actions of preliminarу investigation, prosecution and trial. Objective: To analуze the institution of protection of rights and legitimate interests of citizens and organizations in the course of the investigation, consideration and resolution of cases in the judicial and administrative authorities, as well as the Institute for compensation for damage caused bу bodies of inquirу, preliminarу investigation, the police, prosecutors and courts in the implementation of state and municipal functions. Methods: When writing this article the author used the following methods: general scientific dialectical analуsis and sуnthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization, formal logic, comparative legal, sуstem, technical and legal. Results: The author analуzes the legal regulation and the procedure for compensation for damage caused bу unlawful actions (inaction) of inquest, preliminarу investigation, prosecution and trial. Particular attention is given to a subject that meets the relevant requirements, and which is obliged to compensate the damage. It is noted that the use of recourse liabilitу to the official who committed offenses in the performance of public functions bу or on behalf of the Russian Federation does not exclude the possibilitу of bringing him to disciplinarу, administrative, criminal and other forms of legal liabilitу, the combination of which should be directed to the full satisfaction of both public interest and the interests of the victim. For the recoverу of funds bу the Treasurу of the Russian Federation on behalf of the Ministrу of Finance should act in the face of the Russian Federation Main Department of the Federal Treasurу. Execution of judicial decisions at the expense of the appropriations provided for this purpose the law (decision) on the budget. Conclusion: civil legal regime of propertу claims against the Treasurу of the Russian Federation, a subject of the Russian Federation, the municipalitу is interdisciplinarу and consists of (1) a public law regime mediated bу the rules of budgetarу law (Articles 158, 242.2 BC Code) and legislation on enforcement proceedings, and (2) the civil law (Articles 125, 170, 1071 of the Civil Code). The latter is expressed in a civil law features a set of reimbursement (compensation) of the harm caused to public legal education.

Criminal law as a means of protecting human rights and freedoms in the modern world

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
Viktoriia V. Haltsova ◽  
Sergiy O. Kharytonov ◽  
Oleksandr M. Khramtsov ◽  
Oleksandr O. Zhytnyi ◽  
Andrii A. Vasyliev
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Legitimate Interests

This paper is a comprehensive study of the problems of criminal law as a remedy for human rights and freedoms in the modern world. The relevance of this subject lies in the systematic violations of constitutional human rights and freedoms and the inaction of the criminal law in such cases. Nowadays, the criminal law as a remedy for human rights and freedoms in national and international law is described by imperfection in its adaptation to rapidly changing social relations, which, accordingly, leads to problems in their legal protection. There are various reasons for this in the legal sphere, such as gaps in the legal provisions, conflicts of legal regulation and inconsistency of the rules of legislation with existing public relations in the state. All of the above determines the relevance of the subject matter of this study. Thus, the purpose of this study was a comprehensive analysis of theoretical and applied issues relating to the remedies for human rights and legitimate interests against socially dangerous encroachments, and the formulation of scientifically sound proposals for improving the current legislation of Ukraine and the practice of its application in this area. Ultimately, this study identified the legal characteristics of human rights and freedoms at both the national and international levels. The remedies for rights were demonstrated through the lens of criminal law. In addition, the study analysed the forms of implementation of international practice in the national legislation of Ukraine as a remedy for human rights and freedoms in the modern world. The significance of the results of this study was expressed in the further research of related subjects concerning this issue, namely the history of the development of EU criminal law standards and the historical establishment of the concept of human and citizen rights and legitimate interests. Furthermore, the materials of this study can be used in the preparation of educational materials, methodological recommendations, as well as training in various fields of legal science. This, in turn, will allow properly using the criminal law protection of human rights and freedoms without violations on the part of criminal justice bodies

scholarly journals Digital Law and Problems of Gradual Transformation of the Russian Legal System

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
V. N. Sinyukov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
Digital Law ◽  
Gradual Transformation

The relevance of the topic of the balance between the system of law and processes of digitalization of legal regulation is preconditioned by fundamental changes that are taking place in the legal system of Russia due to current technological challenges. The author qualifies changes under consideration as the processes of gradual transformation of law and its system. The article explores the dynamics of evolution of the legal understanding of the world due to technical progress. The author concludes that the new technological lifestyle pattern changes not only the usual lifestyle of people, but also the nature of legal regulation. The problem of consistent legal interpretation of the technological revolution is presented. It is concluded that the preservation of the systemic unity of the legal form is possible on the basis of the step-by-step revision of foundations of macroorganization of law. The paper demonstrates the difference between the current period of development of law and the classical epoch that proves the fact that the legal culture is about to include the virtual world into its subject matter. A sectoral approach based on monodimensional or complex subjects and methods of legal regulation can no longer provide for the comprehensive understanding of the nature of law. The paper depicts the evolution of notions of the norm and institute of law on the basis of symbiosis of deontic and behavioral elements that characterize the concept of legal technology. The conclusion about normativity of technological processes is made. The article substantiates the place and role of digital law in the process of gradual transformation of the legal system. The article justifies the provision that digital law performs the function of restructuring the legal system. The article reveals the subjects and methods of digital law as a source of law having impact on social relations. The author suggests the concepts of digital environment that creates a new type of lawyerism, namely: digital and analog law, and describes the correlation between them. The author puts forward the hypothesis of fundamental and applied law, describes their subject areas. On the basis of the analysis of the structural evolution of the legal system in the context of technological changes, the author provides for the forecast of parameters of the future legal order. It is concluded that conflicts of virtual and classical legal orders can be resolved under norms of digital law that eliminate the contrasting sides of legal permits and prohibitions. The author poses the issues regarding subjects of digital legal culture development, the new legal language, the role of analog law in restructuring the legal system, the balance between digital law and national legal tradition. The hypothesis of national models of digitalization of legal culture is put forward.

MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY RELATIONS IN THE INTERNATIONAL FAMILY LAW: METHODOLOGY OF REGULATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevhen Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Law Regulation

As a result of this study, the family law regulation of matrimonial property relations was found to have its specific mechanism which is defined as a single system of legal ways and means providing mainly dispositive legal influence on family relations that allows significant influence of individual self-regulation and restrictions of prohibitions. At the present stage of study, this mechanism is considered as a ‘complex’ phenomenon which has several layers. Therefore, different interpretations of the mechanism for family law regulation of matrimonial property relations, derived at various levels, show not only their distinctive but also their common features. Determination of heterogeneous circumstances affecting the matrimonial property relations requires an analysis of the content and legal regulation of the relations related to property ones, since they are influenced by the mechanism for family law regulation of matrimonial property relations. Therefore, the methodology is the most essential element of this mechanism: it reveals the basic legal principles of family law regulation and directly connects legal tools with the objectively determined needs of social life by using the regulatory functions of law. The structure of the methodology of the mechanism for family law regulation of matrimonial property relations includes permits, prohibitions, instructions, incentives, obligations, sanctions and other ways to influence proper relationships. Methods of family law regulation are determined as methods of legal influence on the relevant social relations. They reflect the essence of a particular legal regime of regulation, while serving as a unifying principle which groups the system of family law and other legal phenomena within the institutions of family law. In this sense, the main methods of legal regulation are the method of subordination and the method of coordination. As a result, it is determined that each family law method reflects a special legal regime of regulation and depends on the formation of a specific set of techniques and means of regulation, among which a special place is occupied by general permits and general prohibitions.

scholarly journals To the problem of legal regulation of agricultural land turnover in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Irina P. Chupina ◽  
Natalia N. Simachkova ◽  
Oksana S. Trotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation

The authors comprehensively investigated theoretical and practical problems of legal regulation of agricultural land turnover in the Russian Federation. They analyzed the jurisprudence in the field of agricultural land turnover, examined the legal regime of agricultural land in the Russian Federation, investigated the peculiarities of land plots turnover from agricultural lands, identified a number of significant problems in the legislation in the field of legal regulation of agricultural purposes land turnover. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of land, which is a nonrecoverable natural resource. From this point of view, agricultural land has a unique unrepeatable natural fertility capacity that determines the possibility of producing life support products, being an essential component of the environmental system. In the annual Address to the Federal Assembly of the President of Russia in 2019, V.V. Putin, specifying the main directions of strategic development of the country, noted the high importance of the land legislation development. The peculiarities of the agricultural land plots turnover are due to the public nature of land relations regulation. For this category of land, a special legal regime is established for food security purposes of Russia, which leads to the prevention of removing these lands from agricultural circulation, as well as building development. According to articles 9, 36 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, “land and other natural resources are used and protected in the Russian Federation as the basis for the lives and activities of peoples living on the the relevant territory” and the exercise of authority by land owners is limited to conditions for potentially damaging the environment and violation of rights and legitimate interests of other persons.

Administrative Legal Regime in the Arctic Area

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Владимир Кузнецов ◽  
Vladimir Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Management Procedure ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Arctic Area

The development of the Russian Northern territories is not only a domestic problem of this country, but also a global one. The Polar region, which is also called the Arctic area, attracts many and requires concentration of all forces on the solution of the problem of its development in the economic, social, military and strategic dimensions. In proportion to these circumstances, the role of legal aspects in the developing and emerging social relations also increases. Legal regulation for these parts of the Russian Northern territories and adjacent waters of the Arctic Ocean, constituting the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, requires certain uniformity. This can be achieved by improving public administration over the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, legislative recognition of its special status and the establishment of special regimes for natural resources, environmental protection, regulation of navigation along the seaways of the Northern sea route. It involves the formation of a special management procedure, i.e. the formation of a special administrative-legal regime. This is a complex task that requires scientific understanding of the problems that have a significant impact on the formation of the administrative legal regime in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals The role of legal communication in ensuring human rights

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Makeieva O.
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Space Forms ◽  
Legal Communication ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
Modern Information

The article examines the role of legal communication in ensuring human rights. It is noted that the study of legal communication in the modern information space forms a modern postclassical legal understanding, which is focused on ensuring the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens. Legal communication acts as a means of ensuring dialogue between the state and citizens, as a regulatory and socio-constructive factor of social development. According to recent research, the doctrine of human rights is developing on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach to such sciences as philosophy, theory and history of state and law, political science, linguistics, information theory and more. The introduction of information and communication technologies in all spheres of society presupposes the study of the communicative properties of law, in particular legal communication. Given the increased attention to the problems of the effectiveness of law, the definition of its functional purpose, there is a need to study the role of legal communication in ensuring human rights. Human rights are a common value of civil society and the state, they determine their relationship, and ensuring the implementation and protection of human rights is their common task. A manifestation of such interaction is the legal communication between the state and civil society. The study of legal communication in the modern information space forms a modern postclassical legal understanding, which is focused on ensuring the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens. The renewal of legal relations, first of all between the state and society, requires scientific substantiation and introduction of new forms of communication. Legal communication in this case acts as a means of ensuring dialogue between the state and citizens, as a regulatory and socio-constructive factor of social development. At the stage of transition to the information and legal society, the relationship between legal communication and legal regulation changes. Legal communication acquires an independent meaning in relation to legal regulation, which itself becomes a system, a derivative element of legal communication. Іt is proved that legal communication contributes to the formation of legal values in the modern information space, a positive perception of law, the formation of the legal consciousness of the subjects of communication, the improvement of the legal mechanism for the protection of human rights. Legal communication acquires an independent meaning in relation to legal regulation, which itself becomes a system, a derivative element of legal communication. The effectiveness of legal communication in ensuring human rights is ensured by observance of the principles of the rule of law, legality, publicity, democracy, and universality. Keywords: human rights, legal communication, information society, information security.

scholarly journals Experimental legal regimes of mobilization type as a method of legal regulation in the context of COVID-19 spread

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
V. O. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Legal Regimes ◽  
Smart Regulation ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
New Interpretation

Experimental legal regime; COVID19; legal regime; legal experiment; “regulatory sandboxes”; legal technique; classification of legal experiments; legality; experimental legal regimes of mobilization type on legal forecasting and legal interpretation methods. The theoretical basis of the research includes well-known legal science categories, i.e. legal regime and legal experiment that get a new interpretation with the appearance of experimental legal regime institute. The main results of the research, scope of application. Experimental legal regime is a broader legal phenomenon than regulatory sandboxes, which includes not only regulation of the digital innovation sphere, but also other rules that are limited in time and space. There are legal regimes with signs of experimentation that are not officially identified by the state as experimental legal regimes. The work studied the experience which arose due to  modern  changes  in  state  and  legal  regulation  caused  by  the  global  epidemic  of COVID-19. It is suggested to divide the legal experiments according to the purpose of experimental legislation into the following groups: optimizing, progressive and mobilization ones. The aim of the first group named “Optimizing legal experiments” is to test using of new regulation applied to a large and complex object. The second group named “Progressive legal experiments” is intended to check whether the abandonment of old laws is beneficial in the innovation field. The result is creation of a smart regulation for economic and technological development. The third group named “Mobilization legal experiments” is aimed at maintaining of the existing level of resources, security, and infrastructure in the event of critical situations. It is being proved that the legal restrictions aimed at preventing of COVID-19 viral infection spreading can be classified as experimental legal regimes of mobilization type. The criterion for distinguishing of mobilization experimental legal regimes from others is the voluntary participation in the legal experiment and the goal of the experimental legal regime.Conclusions. The development of mobilization experimental legal regimes implies raising of their legality. It can be achieved by the provision of legal guarantees such as the goals of the legal experiment and the evaluation of their consequences. This will allow identify whether the consequences of the experiment correspond to the goals of the new legal regulation. There must be grounds for limitations to legal certainty caused by legal experimentation. Their manifestation is the goal and evaluation criteria, with the help of which it is possible to determine whether the consequences of the establishment of the experiment correspond to the goals of the new legal regulation. Otherwise, there is a risk of unjustified infringement of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens.

scholarly journals OBJECTIVES OF FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF ENERGY RESOURCE USAGE FOR ENERGY LAW AND ORDER ENHANCEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Viktoria V. Romanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Energy Law

The nature of the legal regime of energy resources, requirements for their quality, metering, extraction, production, delivery, transportation, storage, pricing, customs regulation are fundamental problems of energy law. Certainty in the legal regulation of the use of energy resources as the key object of social relations within the scope of energy law has a direct impact on securing the balance of interests between energy law subjects at national and international levels. The level of the international unification of provisions on the legal regime of energy resources remains low, with the exception of unified provisions on the use of nuclear power. Due to the specific nature of energy resources, both national and international unification is performed primarily using an industry-based approach. Further development of the legal regulation of the use of energy resources, the improvement of the legal regime of energy resources, in particular, factoring in the need to apply innovative energy saving, energy efficient technologies, ensuring anti-terrorism security, and industrial safety of the energy infrastructure require legal studies in this area. Comparative legal studies of provisions on the legal regime of energy resources in other countries will be especially valuable. This article can be useful for further research into the subject matter, for education purposes.

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