Digitalization features of integration associations (on the example of the EU and the EAEU)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
IGOR PANKRATOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Common Information ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Common Information Space ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Industry Structures ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
The Eu

The article provides and analyzes the theoretical foundations and practices of digitalization of integration associations on the example of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. Studying the program documents on digitalization (digital agendas), the authors identified the features and risks of the digital transformation of various integration associations. The article describes the digitalization of integration associations as a concept and logic of interaction between citizens, business entities, industry structures, government bodies of countries participating in an integration association in a common information space. These ideas are expressed in the form of explicit algorithms, specifications, and standards unified for each participating country and implemented in the form of integrated information systems of B2B, B2G, G2G formats with a single coordination and monitoring center.

Towards an Enhanced Institutional Structure of the Eurasian Economic Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Igor V. Pilipenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Eu

This article considers how to enhance the institutional structure of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in order to enable timely decision-making and implementation of governance decisions in the interests of Eurasian integration deepening. We compare the governance structures of the EAEU and the European Union (EU) using the author’s technique and through the lens of theories of neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism elaborated with respect to the EU. We propose to determine a major driver of the integration process at this stage (the College of the Eurasian Economic Commission or the EAEU member states), to reduce the number of decision-making bodies within the current institutional structure of the EAEU, and to divide clearly authority and competence of remaining bodies to exclude legal controversies in the EAEU.

scholarly journals Nothern European Lessons for Eurasian Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
L. S. Voronkov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Eu

The paper is dedicated to the differences between the classical instruments for regulating interstate political and trade-economic relations from those used in the development of regional integration processes. Traditionally, the Eurasian Economic Union is compared with the European Union, considering the EU as a close example to follow in the development of integration processes. At the same time, there exist the other models of integration. The author proposes to pay attention to the other models of integration and based on the analysis of documents, reveals the experience of Northern Europe, which demonstrates effective cooperation without infringing on the sovereignty of the participants. The author examines the features of the integration experience of the Nordic countries in relation to the possibility of using its elements in the modern integration practice of the Eurasian Economic Union.

scholarly journals Differences between the European and Eurasian Good Pharmacovigilance Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
A. V. Matveev ◽  
A. E. Krasheninnikov ◽  
E. A. Matveeva ◽  
B. K. Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Authorisation ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Systems Effectiveness ◽  
The Eu

Good pharmacovigilance practices (GVP) of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) were prepared based on the GVP of the European Medicines Agency that have been in force in the European Union (EU) since 2012. The EAEU GVP have been in force in the Russian Federation and the other EAEU member states since 2016. It is important to identify potential differences between the current regulations in order to harmonise requirements for the pharmacovigilance systems in the EU and EAEU. The aim of the study was to analyse and compare GVP requirements in the EU and EAEU. The analysis helped to identify differences in the structure and contents of GVP sections, the definitions of terms (EU GVP definitions are more detailed and supported by examples, subsections, and references to other documents). Moreover, supplements and annexes to the EU GVP contain figures, templates, examples, algorithms, and tables, which are missing in the EAEU GVP. Expert analysis of these differences as applied to assessment of the pharmacovigilance systems’ effectiveness, and practical activities of marketing authorisation holders, medicine developers, and regulatory authorities, demonstrated that the two GVPs are sufficiently harmonised and have very few differences. However, the number of differences between the documents increases, as changes are made to the EU GVP. A more comprehensive harmonisation of the EAEU GVP with the current version of the EU GVP will make it possible to develop and use uniform pharmacovigilance documents in the EU and EAEU, and will facilitate the introduction of EAEU medicines into the global pharmaceutical market.

The Beijing–Minsk Partnership and Belarus’s Role in China’s Economic Relations with the European Union

China Report ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Anthony V. Rinna
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

China’s deepening ties with the Republic of Belarus, combined with the latter’s geographic position between the EU and Russia (the veritable leader of the Eurasian Economic Union), stands to potentially benefit China’s bid to deepen economic cooperation with the European Union. More specifically, enhanced collaboration between Beijing and Minsk helps the PRC develop relations with the Eurasian Economic Union (essential to China’s ambitions to augment cooperation with Europe) while simultaneously providing a geographic avenue for China into the central and eastern European regions of the EU for the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Nevertheless, the degree to which Beijing’s stronger relations with Minsk will serve Chinese interests in connecting with Europe will depend in large on whether or not Belarus and the EU can overcome significant differences in their relationship, as well as whether the relationship between the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union (as a partner of the BRI) takes on a cooperative or a competitive nature.

scholarly journals PERCEPTION OF BUSINESS ENTITIES TOWARDS DIGITIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-223
Author(s):  
Šárka Sobotovičová ◽  
Beata Blechová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Financial Administration ◽  
Critical Literature ◽  
The Eu

The digital transformation of all areas of government is one of the European Union priorities. The motivation for our research was the fact that when it comes to the evaluation of Digital Public Services, the Czech Republic ranks below the EU countries average. This article discusses the development of electronic filings for the Financial Administration in the Czech Republic. It started with a critical literature review of relevant sources. Subsequently, a research was conducted with 644 respondents in the form of a questionnaire survey. Based on the primary research, opinions on the digitization of financial administration, including the benefits and disadvantages it brings to them, was verified with entrepreneurs. The survey data was evaluated using a non-parametric test in SPSS Statistics. Following an empirical survey, it was found that the majority of respondents perceive electronic filings in a positive way. The most common form of electronic filing is through data boxes, which have been in use in the Czech Republic since 2009. Less than half of the respondents had some problems related to the introduction of electronic filings. Some of the most common issues mentioned included the familiarization with the requirements associated with the electronic filings and learning to use the program in general. With the majority of respondents, accountants are responsible for interaction with the Financial Administration. Based on the respondents’ perception, the saving of time was identified as the most significant benefit, followed by the availability of information and error checks; saving of costs was the last. The respondents evaluate electronic communication as more flexible, practical and easier.

scholarly journals Buy national campaigns promotionin the EU and EAEU countries

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
K. N. Elikbaev ◽  
G. V. Podbiralina
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Model Code ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
National Campaigns ◽  
The Eu

It is determined in the article that the promotion of the “Buy National” policy is of a protectionist nature and often may not comply with international trade rules, including within the framework of integration associations. It was determined that this approach of the states participating in integration associations (the EAEU is no exception) is a certain brake on the development of integration processes. As a result of the analysis of studies on this issue, it was revealed that consumers in certain countries support the policy “Buy national, but their purchasing habits are not fundamentally changed. The study analyzes individual ways of using the Buy National campaigns in the countries of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union and shows that countries are actively using this policy, explaining these measures by supporting the national economy, but such actions threaten the development of integration. Based on the results obtained, possible recommendations for cooperation of the EAEU member states have been developed for an equal representation of goods from the five countries in retail facilities. In particular, it was proposed to develop and adopt a model code of good practices for retail chains as norms of "soft" law, enshrining in it the principle of non-discrimination towards goods from the EAEU member states.

scholarly journals “Non-Recognition” of the EAEU by the European Union: Political Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-208
Author(s):  
Bolonina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Growing Network ◽  
Formal Dialogue ◽  
The Eu

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) positions itself as an open integration formation and considers the cooperation with external partners as a key feature of its functioning. However, while it is developing a growing network of trade agreements in the framework of a Great Eurasian Partnership, it faces difficulties in establishing a formal dialogue with a neighboring integration formation – the European Union (EU). In this article we propose to analyze political causes of such “non-recognition”, conditioned by the context of political tensions between Russia and the EU countries and by the perception of the EAEU as a tool for promotion of an integration model, alternative to the European one. The article offers recommendations to enhance the dialogue between the two integration unions, oriented at strengthening of objective economic prerequisites for EU ‒ EAEU cooperation, as well as at the formation of the EAEU identity, separate from the identities of its member-states.

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