Comparative characteristics of conventional visual methods and instrumental digital methods for tooth color determination

Shade matching is a challenging step and the major objective in esthetic and restorative dentistry. On many occasions, the production of the accurate target color will not be achieved due to errors in the registration of the target color, or errors in composing the appropriate color of the restoration in the dental laboratory. Thus, the accurate and correct shade matching of tooth and restoration is one of the most important quality criteria for the patient and the key to successful results for the dentist. Conclusion: Spectrophotometers, colorimeters, intraoral scanners, and imaging systems are useful and relevant tools for tooth color measurement and analysis, and for the quality control of color reproduction. The combination of visual and instrumental methods of tooth color determination will complement each other, leading toward predictable esthetic results.

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The reproducibility of electronic color measurements of the marginal gingiva

Clinical Oral Investigations ◽

10.1007/s00784-020-03345-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 145-150

Author(s):

Henning Staedt ◽

Eva Mally ◽

Herbert Scheller ◽

Stefan Wentaschek ◽

Peer Wolfgang Kämmerer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Color Difference ◽

Color Measurement ◽

Tooth Color ◽

Color Coordinates ◽

Measurement Systems ◽

Color Determination ◽

Determination System ◽

The Mean ◽

Measurement Devices

Abstract Introduction This study evaluated the reproducibility of electronic color determination system evaluations of the marginal gingiva, which could be important for adhesive cervical fillings or prosthetic restorations that imitate the gingiva. Material and methods In 50 subjects, the L*, a*, and b* color coordinates were evaluated five times at a point in the marginal area of a central incisor using different electronic color determination systems: (SP) Shadepilot, (ES) Easyshade, (CE) Crystaleye, and (SV) X-Rite. The mean color difference (ΔE) and its standard deviation between the five measurements from each participant were calculated separately for each device. Further ICC for interdevice reliability was determined. Results The L*, a*, and b* color coordinates and ΔE values differed significantly among the systems (p < 0.001). Within each patient and measurement system, ΔE ranged from 1.4 to 3.2 (SD 1.1–2.5), L* from 2.6 to 5.7 (SD 2.6–5.7), a* from 11.9 to 21.3 (SD 3.6–3.9), and b* from 15.1 to 28.9 (SD 1.7–4.3). Interdevice reliability ranged between 0.675 and 0.807. Conclusions Color determination of the marginal gingiva using the electronic tooth color determination systems tested herein showed limited reproducibility. The results obtained with the different measurement systems differed enormously. Clinical relevance These results show that the electronic color measurement devices tested allow no high reproducible determination of color coordinates of the marginal gingiva.

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A Digital Shade-Matching Device for Dental Color Determination Using the Support Vector Machine Algorithm

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18093051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 3051 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Minah Kim ◽

Byungyeon Kim ◽

Byungjun Park ◽

Minsuk Lee ◽

Youngjae Won ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Support Vector Machine ◽

Classification Performance ◽

Support Vector ◽

Robot Arm ◽

K Nearest Neighbors ◽

Tooth Color ◽

Color Determination ◽

Svm Algorithm ◽

Shade Matching ◽

Optimum Solution

In this study, we developed a digital shade-matching device for dental color determination using the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. Shade-matching was performed using shade tabs. For the hardware, the typically used intraoral camera was modified to apply the cross-polarization scheme and block the light from outside, which can lead to shade-matching errors. For reliable experiments, a precise robot arm with ±0.1 mm position repeatability and a specially designed jig to fix the position of the VITA 3D-master (3D) shade tabs were used. For consistent color performance, color calibration was performed with five standard colors having color values as the mean color values of the five shade tabs of the 3D. By using the SVM algorithm, hyperplanes and support vectors for 3D shade tabs were obtained with a database organized using five developed devices. Subsequently, shade matching was performed by measuring 3D shade tabs, as opposed to real teeth, with three additional devices. On average, more than 90% matching accuracy and a less than 1% failure rate were achieved with all devices for 10 measurements. In addition, we compared the classification algorithm with other classification algorithms, such as logistic regression, random forest, and k-nearest neighbors, using the leave-pair-out cross-validation method to verify the classification performance of the SVM algorithm. Our proposed scheme can be an optimum solution for the quantitative measurement of tooth color with high accuracy.

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Comparative analysis of the results of determining the color of the tooth by visual and instrumental methods

Стоматология для всех ◽

10.35556/idr-2021-2(95)42-44 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 42-44

Author(s):

M.V. Shcherbakov ◽

A.I. Bayrikov

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Daily Practice ◽

High Tech ◽

Visual Methods ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Color Determination ◽

Color Scale ◽

Upper Jaw ◽

Instrumental Methods

The article presents the results of a study to determine the color of the central incisor on the upper jaw. Traditionally, the choice of the color of this tooth is the most difficult and controversial. Color determination was carried out by hardware (Vita Easyshade Advance 4.0) and visual methods, which were attended by students of SamSMU aged 19 to 22 years. The obtained results say that it is preferable to use the hardware method based on the digital perception of the object under study and adapted to the generally accepted color scale; this method minimizes the requirements for color determination criteria, is a high-tech and convenient solution in the daily practice of a dentist.

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Examination of Natural Tooth Color Distribution Using Visual and Instrumental Shade Selection Methods

Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine ◽

10.1515/bjdm-2016-0017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 104-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Dilek Nalbant ◽

Yeşim Göknur Babaç ◽

İrem Türkcan ◽

Kaan Yerliyurt ◽

Cihan Akçaboy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Assessment ◽

Color Analysis ◽

Color Distribution ◽

Tooth Color ◽

Natural Right ◽

Value Differences ◽

Instrumental Color ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Visual Matching ◽

Shade Matching

Summary Aim: Although visual color determination is the most frequently applied method in dentistry, instrumental color analysis offers advantages like objectivity, measurability and rapidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the natural teeth color in teeth without any restoration visually, and by using a computerized shade measuring and analyzing system in the population.Materials and Methods: 202 patients were inspected. Before instrumental shade matching visual matching was done by the inspector with Vitapan 3D Master Shade Guide in the day light. Images were taken with computerized shade measuring and analyzing system from patients’ natural right or left maxillary incisors and canines without any restoration. Then these images were evaluated by the original software of its own.Results: Value differences between visual and instrumental shade matching were statistically significant. Darker value levels were obtained with instrumental measurement. The distribution of hue was more reddish in instrumental examination than visual examination. Significant difference was found at cervical and middle third of the tooth in both visual and instrumental determination of chroma. Chroma of the tooth was higher at these two regions in visual assessment.Conclusions: Teeth colors were distributed more uniform in visual shade matching compared to instrumental matching. However, some teeth shades were more common in instrumental matching. Value scores were found higher with instrumental shade matching. Individual selection of shades for each tooth and different regions of a tooth instead of a single color is considered to be a factor to increase the success of the restoration.

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Tooth Color Measurement Using Chroma Meter: Techniques, Advantages, and Disadvantages

Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry ◽

10.1111/j.1708-8240.2003.tb00316.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 15 (s1) ◽

pp. S33-S41 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

L.I. YIMING

Keyword(s):

Color Measurement ◽

Tooth Color ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages

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Development Framework for the Evaluation of Usability in E-Government: A Case Study of E-Finance Government of Malang

Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science ◽

10.25126/jitecs.20172233 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Vivin Ayu Lestari

Keyword(s):

User Satisfaction ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Quality Criteria ◽

User Testing ◽

Web Based ◽

Development Framework ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Important Quality ◽

Effectiveness And Efficiency

E-government is an effort to utilize information and communication technology especially internet to improve public service quality which generally implemented in a web based application. Usability is one of the important quality criteria for the success of a web. In this study we developed a framework for evaluation of usability in e-government consisting of eight stages: (1) determining the evaluation objectives, (2) determining the usability aspects, (3) determining the metrics usability, (4) selecting usability evaluation method candidates, (5) determining the required criteria of the method to be evaluated, (6) evaluating the method, (7) selecting and making the instrument, and (8) evaluate usability.. The results of the application of this framework in the case study of e-finance resulted in two methods used: user testing and questionnaires. The evaluation of usability in e-government for e-finance case studies using the proposed framework results in usability level of e-finance in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction are 96%, 92%, and 70 respectively. Which can be identified to be grouped into 16 problems consisting of aspects of effectiveness and efficiency.

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Features and Limitations of Ontologies for Coronavirus Data Management in Libraries

Advances in Library and Information Science - Handbook of Research on Library Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-6449-3.ch002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 18-40

Author(s):

Enrique Wulff

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

Data Management ◽

Quality Criteria ◽

Emerging Technology ◽

Data Sources ◽

Semantic Data ◽

Important Quality ◽

Selection For ◽

Over Time ◽

Or Applications

The purpose of this chapter is to follow the evolution of what has occurred over time in the ontologies published in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Correctness and completeness of ontologies on the schema and instance level are important quality criteria in their selection for an application. To help both the librarians and the users, there is a need of a framework for the comparison of different semantic data sources in the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, online services and/or applications based on ontologies or SKOS-based COVID-19 thesauri are still rare. As an emerging technology in libraries, an all-integrating ontology for coronavirus disease knowledge and data refers to the continuing development of an existing technology. In spite of using ontologies in the Semantic Web, meanings of concepts and relationships are still largely unrealized in terms of obtaining accurate and timely information about COVID-19. But the nature of causal relationships on this disease is made accessible through ontologies as the material in which its main concepts are supported.

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