Neuronavigation Assistance. Decreased radiation exposure during spinal surgery in patients with severe combined trauma

Absnract. The results of the study of intraoperative x-ray irradiation of the affected two arrays are presented: the main array using neuronavigation and the control group, where standard 2D fluoroscopy was used. The radiation load on the operating surgeon and auxiliary operating personnel was also evaluated. Intraoperative visualization was carried out using the second-generation iNtellect ENT Navigation rack of the Stryker company (United States of America) for the victims of the main array and the Ziehm Vision RFD optical-optical converter (Germany) of the company for the victims of the control group. The imaging option using an electron-optical transducer is especially important for minimally invasive procedures, where instrumentation is performed percutaneously without direct anatomical control, as opposed to open procedures or working with distorted anatomical structures during injuries. Biplanar fluoroscopy was one of the first intraoperative methods of imaging in real time, and remains one of the leading technologies in orthopedic and spinal surgery. However, radiation exposure from intraoperative fluoroscopy remains a serious problem for patients, surgeons, and operating support staff. The negative effect of ionizing radiation leads to cell damage through the induction of deoxyribonucleic acid and the release of reactive oxygen species. In this regard, cell death or genome instability occurs, which leads to various radiation-related pathologies. It was found that the use of neuronavigation reduces the number of errors, reduces intraoperative trauma, and significantly reduces intraoperative radiation exposure to the injured, operating surgeon and auxiliary operating personnel. The large-scale introduction of navigation technologies will reduce or completely eliminate the harmful effects of ionizing radiation on the injured and medical personnel.

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Predicting ionizing radiation exposure using biochemically-inspired genomic machine learning

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.14048.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 233

Author(s):

Jonathan Z.L. Zhao ◽

Eliseos J. Mucaki ◽

Peter K. Rogan

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Large Scale ◽

Nearest Neighbor ◽

Error Rates ◽

Support Vector ◽

Dose Estimation ◽

Gene Signatures ◽

Ionizing Radiation Exposure

Background: Gene signatures derived from transcriptomic data using machine learning methods have shown promise for biodosimetry testing. These signatures may not be sufficiently robust for large scale testing, as their performance has not been adequately validated on external, independent datasets. The present study develops human and murine signatures with biochemically-inspired machine learning that are strictly validated using k-fold and traditional approaches. Methods: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets of exposed human and murine lymphocytes were preprocessed via nearest neighbor imputation and expression of genes implicated in the literature to be responsive to radiation exposure (n=998) were then ranked by Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR). Optimal signatures were derived by backward, complete, and forward sequential feature selection using Support Vector Machines (SVM), and validated using k-fold or traditional validation on independent datasets. Results: The best human signatures we derived exhibit k-fold validation accuracies of up to 98% (DDB2, PRKDC, TPP2, PTPRE, and GADD45A) when validated over 209 samples and traditional validation accuracies of up to 92% (DDB2, CD8A, TALDO1, PCNA, EIF4G2, LCN2, CDKN1A, PRKCH, ENO1, and PPM1D) when validated over 85 samples. Some human signatures are specific enough to differentiate between chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Certain multi-class murine signatures have sufficient granularity in dose estimation to inform eligibility for cytokine therapy (assuming these signatures could be translated to humans). We compiled a list of the most frequently appearing genes in the top 20 human and mouse signatures. More frequently appearing genes among an ensemble of signatures may indicate greater impact of these genes on the performance of individual signatures. Several genes in the signatures we derived are present in previously proposed signatures. Conclusions: Gene signatures for ionizing radiation exposure derived by machine learning have low error rates in externally validated, independent datasets, and exhibit high specificity and granularity for dose estimation.

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Predicting ionizing radiation exposure using biochemically-inspired genomic machine learning

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.14048.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 233 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jonathan Z.L. Zhao ◽

Eliseos J. Mucaki ◽

Peter K. Rogan

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Large Scale ◽

Nearest Neighbor ◽

Error Rates ◽

Support Vector ◽

Dose Estimation ◽

Gene Signatures ◽

Ionizing Radiation Exposure

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Minimizing Ionizing Radiation Exposure in Invasive Cardiology Safety Training for Medical Doctors

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science ◽

10.1115/1.4036431 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aric Katz ◽

Avraham Shtub ◽

Ariel Roguin

Keyword(s):

Image Quality ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Medical Personnel ◽

3D Animation ◽

Invasive Cardiology ◽

Exposure Levels ◽

Risk Of Exposure ◽

Medical Teams ◽

Ionizing Radiation Exposure

Advanced imaging systems, such as C-Arm machines, greatly improve physicians' diagnostic abilities and provide greater precision. Yet, these benefits come with a price of ionizing radiation exposure to medical teams and patients. Supplying proper training and skill improvement to operators on how to use this technology safely can help minimize risk of exposure. Previous studies on radiation knowledge among physicians and radiologists presented disturbing results of underestimated risk of exposure. The following research is based on an innovation in simulation-based training (SBT), a simulator using the Wizard of Oz (WOZ) concept that incorporates an online human trainer and was used for training emergency room (ER) physicians and ultrasound medical personnel. This research integrated WOZ technology with a radiation exposure formula for training to minimize unnecessary radiation exposure. The exposure formula presents real-time and overall exposure levels to operators based on their technique. The simulator also incorporates 3D animation graphics, enabling trainees to simulate the control of various factors. Image quality and the operator's radiation exposure levels are also animated, assisting trainees to focus on their exposure based on their device settings. Contrary to most previous studies, we measured radiation dose to the operator and quantified image quality accordingly. Validation was done on different C-Arm machines. Validation of learning outcomes was done using knowledge exams. Results from our knowledge exams presented significant improvement. The average result of knowledge exams given prior to training was 54%, whereas the average result after training was 94% (p < 0.001). Additionally, after a gap of 2–3 months, high retention was also found.

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EFFECTS OF RED DRAGON FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT ADMINISTRATION ON NEUTROPHIL COUNTS FOLLOWING PERIAPICAL RADIOGRAPHY EXPOSURE

Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi ◽

10.20527/dentino.v6i2.11998 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 154

Author(s):

Maydina Izzatul Yazidah ◽

Didit Aspriyanto ◽

Renie Kumala Dewi

Keyword(s):

Free Radicals ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Control Group ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

X Ray ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Peel Extract ◽

Periapical Radiography

Background: Radiation exposure from periapical imaging can cause cell damage in various tissues due to the formation of free radicals. Cell damage in the tissue can be observed from the number of neutrophils which are immune cells. Free radicals can be suppressed by administering exogenous antioxidants. One source of natural antioxidants is red dragon fruit, especially on its peel. Objective: To analyze the effect of periapical imaging x-ray radiation exposure after the administration of red dragon fruit peel extract on absolute neutrophil counts in mice. Method: This research was a true experimental study with a post-test only and control group design using 24 mice that were divided into 6 groups. The control group was not given any treatment while P1 to P5 group were given red dragon fruit peel extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW and exposed to radiation with different exposures. P1 group was exposed 1 time (0.63 mGy), P2 group was exposed 4 times (1.66 mGy), P3 group was exposed 8 times (4.37 mGy), P4 group was exposed 12 times (8.19 mGy), and group P5 was given no exposure. Results: There were changes in the number of neutrophils in all groups. The LSD Posthoc test results showed a significant difference between the control group (12.470 / mm3) and the P5 group (12.470 / mm3) compared to P3 group with 8 times exposure (40.348 / mm3). Conclusion: There is an effect of periapical radiographic x-ray radiation exposure by red dragon fruit peel extract on the absolute neutrophil count in mice. Keywords: Antioxidants, Neutrophils, Periapical Radiography, Radiation, Red Dragon Fruit Peel.

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Cytogenetic abnormalities in lymphocytes evaluated with micronucleus assay in medical personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1503927v ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 927-939

Author(s):

Nevenka Velickova ◽

Misko Milev ◽

Tatjana Ruskovska ◽

Biljana Petrova ◽

Bojana Nedeljkovik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Micronucleus Assay ◽

Medical Personnel ◽

Work Place ◽

Control Group ◽

Paired Student ◽

Occupationally Exposed ◽

The Mean ◽

Risk Of Cancer

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of ionizing radiation on medical personnel using the micronucleus assay and to determine the human health risk. Paired Student?s t-test shows significant statistical difference between the total number of binucleated (BN) cells with micronuclei within the two groups (exposed and control) (t=6,812; p<0,05). The mean of MN frequencies in the exposed group increased in comparison with the mean of MN frequencies in the control group. The formation of small and large micronuclei indicates that medical personnel who are exposed on radiation in their work place, have a chromosomal instability and a risk of cancer.

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Cancer induced by exposure to ionizing radiations in medical personnel

Romanian Journal of Occupational Medicine ◽

10.2478/rjom-2018-0003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 18-21

Author(s):

Xenia Elena Bacinschi

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Atomic Bomb ◽

Medical Personnel ◽

Nuclear Industry ◽

Risk Levels ◽

Safety Standards ◽

Atomic Bomb Survivors ◽

Ionizing Radiations ◽

Age Range

Abstract Ionizing radiation are classified as Class I carcinogens. The exposure to this factor increases the risk of developing cancer, and researchers aim to establish the relationship between the exposure and the risk levels, as well as guidelines which would limit exposure to it. The risks were assessed through studies related to the atomic bomb survivors, to the populations exposed to radiation for the purpose of diagnosis or therapy and to the professionally exposed populations – radiologists, radiotherapists, workers in uranium mines, operatives in the nuclear industry. The population of Japanese survivors of the atomic bombs is the largest population exposed and studied with an extremely wide age range (from the irradiation in utero to old people). This population, made up of 93.000 people, represents a major source of information used to determine the potential risk of low dose radiation exposure. Health professionals working with ionizing radiation have been studied ever since the 1890’s. After the implementation of a radiation protection system, the doses received decreased only to increase again with the technical development and its use in a wide variety of specialties. Two recent studies on large cohorts and during long periods of time brought information about the cancer risk due to occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and shed light on the need to monitor exposed staff and re-evaluate radiological safety standards. This review is focused on recent literature concerning the radiation exposure of medical professionals.

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Positive correlation between micronuclei and necrosis of lymphocytes in medical personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

Archive of oncology ◽

10.2298/aoo0502065p ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 65-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sandra Petrovic ◽

Andreja Leskovac ◽

Gordana Joksic

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Micronucleus Assay ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Medical Personnel ◽

Exposed Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Interphase Cell ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Occupationally Exposed

BACKGROUND: Current radiation protection standards are based on premise that any radiation dose may result in detrimental health effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate extent of the DNA damages (measured by induction of micronuclei) and interphase cell death in circulating lymphocytes of medical personnel exposed to ionizing radiation. METHODS: Baseline micronuclei were assessed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by flow cytometry for human white blood cells to identify cells that displayed apoptosis-associated DNA condensation. Necrotic cells were analyzed simultaneously. All parameters were compared with corresponding controls. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference (t = 4.54, p = 0.002) was found between exposed and control group in the yield of baseline micronuclei. The level of baseline micronuclei correlated positively with necrosis of leucocytes (r=0.09, p=0.68 in exposed group, r=0.02, p=0.97 in controls). An inverse correlation between baseline micronuclei and apoptosis was noted in both groups of examinees (r = -0.26, p = 0.27 in exposed group, r = -0.09, p=0.80 in controls). The data obtained also suggested an inverse correlation between necrosis and apoptosis (r = -0.37, p = 0.11 in exposed group, r = -0.89, p = 0.001 in controls). CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry being a rapid, fast, and accurate method is strongly recommended in evaluation of radiation injuries. The integration of apoptosis and necrosis into micronucleus assay could be very important in the assessment of cumulative effects of ionizing radiation in occupationally exposed medical personnel.

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Integrated Analysis of the Altered lncRNAs and mRNAs Expression in 293T Cells after Ionizing Radiation Exposure

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20122968 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 2968 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mengmeng Yang ◽

Yuxiao Sun ◽

Changyan Xiao ◽

Kaihua Ji ◽

Manman Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Exact Function ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

Ionizing Radiation Exposure

Tissue and cell damage caused by ionizing radiation is often highly genotoxic. The swift repair of DNA damage is crucial for the maintenance of genomic stability and normal cell fitness. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes in cells. However, the exact function of lncRNAs in radiation-induced DNA damage has yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the potential role of lncRNAs in radiation-induced DNA damage. We examined the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in 293T cells with or without 8 Gy irradiation using high-throughput RNA sequencing. We then performed comprehensive transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses of these sequencing results. A total of 18,990 lncRNAs and 16,080 mRNAs were detected in all samples. At 24 h post irradiation, 49 lncRNAs and 323 mRNAs were differentially expressed between the irradiation group and the control group. qRT-PCR was used to verify the altered expression of six lncRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that the predicted genes were mainly involved in the histone mRNA metabolic process and Wnt signaling pathways. This study may provide novel insights for the study of lncRNAs in radiation-induced DNA damage.

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Use of GADD45A and CDKN1A Gene Expression Changes as Biomarker in Assessment of DNA Damage for Ionizing Radiation Exposure

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2014.8.4.368 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 5-14

Author(s):

Abdulsahib K. Ali ◽

Nasr Farhan Abdullah ◽

Shu-Hong Zhoa

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Whole Body ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Nitrogen Base ◽

Mice Liver ◽

Cdkn1a Gene

The present study aims to determination of GADD45 and CDKN1A expression genes as a biomarkers for ionizing radiation in white mice Mus musculus Balb/C by using the real-time quantitative PCR assay. Seventy- two white mice (36 males and 36 females) were divided into two groups; their whole body was exposed to 5 cGy and 100 cGy of X-ray radiation at a dose rate of 200 cGy/min, in addition to the control group. Total RNA was isolated using Trizol method from liver samples of mice after 6, 48 hours and 10 days of exposure to radiation as well as of the control group. Complementary DNA was used in amplification of genes used in the present study, two types of primers pairs were selected for the genes amplification Growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible A (GADD45A) and Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), which have a relation with ionizing radiation in addition to the primers for internal control (β-actin) gene. The size amplified product were 95 bp and 162 bp nitrogen-base pair for GADD45A and CDKN1A genes, respectively. The existence of significant elevation p <0.05 in the amount of gene expression of the GADD45A gene in samples of mice liver exposed to doses 5 cGy and 100 cGy after 6 hours of exposure to radiation. It was found that this gene having up-regulation level after 6 hours in the liver of mice exposed to these doses in comparison with the control group. The presence of a significant reduction (p <0.05) in the amount of gene expression of the CDKN1A gene in samples of mice liver exposed to doses 5 cGy and 100 cGy after 6 hours of exposure to radiation and this reduction continued after 24 hours and 10 days. Moreover, it was found that this gene had a down-regulation level after 6 hours in the liver of mice exposed to these doses in comparison with the control group. The organizational level in the high dose of 100 cGy is higher than that at the low dose 5 cGy. In conclusion, the results indicated that there is a possibility of using the changes in the level of GADD45A and CDKN1A genes expression as useful biomarkers in assessment of DNA damage for low and high radiation exposure.

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Stellenwert der Navigation

Die Wirbelsäule ◽

10.1055/s-0043-112422 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 01 (04) ◽

pp. 317-334

Author(s):

Jan-Sven Jarvers ◽

Ulrich Spiegl ◽

Stefan Glasmacher ◽

Christoph Heyde ◽

Christoph Josten

Keyword(s):

Patient Safety ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Pedicle Screw ◽

Spinal Surgery ◽

Intraoperative Imaging ◽

Intraoperative Navigation ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Tumor Diseases ◽

Intraoperative Control ◽

Improved Technology

Abstract Importance of Navigation Navigation and intraoperative imaging have undergone an enormous development in recent years. By using intraoperative navigation, the precision of pedicle screw implantation can be increased in the sense of patient safety. Especially in the case of complex defects or tumor diseases, navigation is a decisive aid. As a result of the constantly improved technology, the requirements for reduced radiation exposure and intraoperative control can also be met. The high costs of the devices can be amortized, for example by a reduced number of revisions. This overview presents the principles of navigation in spinal surgery and the advantages and disadvantages of the different navigation procedures.

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