scholarly journals Modern approaches to genotyping of causative agents of particularly dangerous infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
O. S. Bondareva ◽  
S. S. Savchenko ◽  
G. A. Tkachenko ◽  
A. I. Abueva ◽  
Yu. O. Muratova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
High Pathogenicity ◽  
Causative Agents

Currently genotyping of microorganisms is widely used in the investigation of outbreaks of infectious diseases, the implementation of epidemiological surveillance of infections and phylogenetic analysis of bacterial pathogens. Development of methods for genotyping is particularly topical for pathogens of such highly dangerous infections as plague, cholera, anthrax, brucellosis, tularemia, glanders and melioidosis, due to their high pathogenicity and contagiousness. In this overview there is presented the characteristics of different genotyping methods together with an indication of their advantages and drawbacks. There has been analyzed the frequency of the use of genotyping methods on an annual basis and in terms of the type of the causative agents of especially dangerous infections.

scholarly journals Advanced strategies for development of vaccines against human bacterial pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinay Sharma ◽  
Pooja Sanduja ◽  
Aparna Anand ◽  
Pooja Mahajan ◽  
Carlos A. Guzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Vaccine Design ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rational Vaccine Design ◽  
New Vaccines

AbstractInfectious diseases are one of the main grounds of death and disabilities in human beings globally. Lack of effective treatment and immunization for many deadly infectious diseases and emerging drug resistance in pathogens underlines the need to either develop new vaccines or sufficiently improve the effectiveness of currently available drugs and vaccines. In this review, we discuss the application of advanced tools like bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics and associated techniques for a rational vaccine design.

Widespread infection of the Eastern red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) by a new species of Amphibiocystidium, a genus of fungus-like mesomycetozoan parasites not previously reported in North America

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. RAFFEL ◽  
T. BOMMARITO ◽  
D. S. BARRY ◽  
S. M. WITIAK ◽  
L. A. SHACKELTON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Notophthalmus Viridescens ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
A New Species

SUMMARYGiven the worldwide decline of amphibian populations due to emerging infectious diseases, it is imperative that we identify and address the causative agents. Many of the pathogens recently implicated in amphibian mortality and morbidity have been fungal or members of a poorly understood group of fungus-like protists, the mesomycetozoans. One mesomycetozoan, Amphibiocystidium ranae, is known to infect several European amphibian species and was associated with a recent decline of frogs in Italy. Here we present the first report of an Amphibiocystidium sp. in a North American amphibian, the Eastern red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens), and characterize it as the new species A. viridescens in the order Dermocystida based on morphological, geographical and phylogenetic evidence. We also describe the widespread and seasonal distribution of this parasite in red-spotted newt populations and provide evidence of mortality due to infection.

scholarly journals Atypical presentation of Hand foot mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus serotype Coxsackievirus A6, in India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muruganandam Nagarajan ◽  
Itta Krishna Chaaithanya ◽  
Rehnuma Parvez ◽  
Surya Palani ◽  
Anwesh Maile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade Fever ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Naval Hospital

A 27-year-old male presented in the OPD of Naval Hospital in Port Blair, Andaman Islands, India, in 2011 with a history of low-grade fever associated with malaise and a pruritic skin rash. Case 2 – A 17-year-old male student reported to the OPD at Naval Hospital, Kochi Kerala, India, in August 2015. He presented with eruptions on both the palm and soles with a history of high-grade fever for the past 3–4 days. Clinically, both the cases were diagnosed as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Both samples were tested against measles virus and varicella-zoster IgM antibodies by enzyme immunoassay and found negative. Stool sample (case 1) and lesion swab (case 2) were processed by enterovirus reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analysis, and both were positive for enterovirus human coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) (untranslated region [UTR]). Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed that both the CVA6 etiology belonged to the genotype F. HFMD in adults often asymptomatic and very few patients get atypical symptoms. Clinical diagnosis is often troublesome to identify HFMD in such cases. An epidemiological surveillance/vigilance is essential to document these atypical cases in near future in developing countries like India.

scholarly journals Enterovirus D: A Small but Versatile Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1758
Author(s):  
Ines Cordeiro Filipe ◽  
Mariana Soares Guedes ◽  
Evgeny M. Zdobnov ◽  
Caroline Tapparel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Genome Organization ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Causative Agents

Enteroviruses (EVs) from the D species are the causative agents of a diverse range of infectious diseases in spite of comprising only five known members. This small clade has a diverse host range and tissue tropism. It contains types infecting non-human primates and/or humans, and for the latter, they preferentially infect the eye, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and nervous system. Although several Enterovirus D members, in particular EV-D68, have been associated with neurological complications, including acute myelitis, there is currently no effective treatment or vaccine against any of them. This review highlights the peculiarities of this viral species, focusing on genome organization, functional elements, receptor usage, and pathogenesis.

Bacterial Infecfions: Changes in Their Causative Agents—Trends and Possible Basis (Bayer—Symposium III), edited by M. Finland, W. Marget, and K. Bartmann. New York/Heidelberg/Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1971, 231 pp., $15.00

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-833
Author(s):  
John D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Changing Patterns

Almost two years ago a group of eminent international authorities in the field of infectious diseases gathered near Cologne, Germany, for a week of reflection and discussion concerning the changing patterns of bacterial infections in recent decades and the possible reasons for the changes. The United States was represented by Drs. M. Finland and E. H. Kass of Boston, F. Daschner of Los Angeles, and A. von Graevenitz of New Haven. Other scientists were from Germany, France, Sweden, Great Britain, Switzerland, and Denmark.

scholarly journals Comparative Pathogenomics of Bacteria Causing Infectious Diseases in Fish

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnerassery S. Sudheesh ◽  
Aliya Al-Ghabshi ◽  
Nashwa Al-Mazrooei ◽  
Saoud Al-Habsi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Evolutionary Strategies ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Fish Pathogens

Fish living in the wild as well as reared in the aquaculture facilities are susceptible to infectious diseases caused by a phylogenetically diverse collection of bacterial pathogens. Control and treatment options using vaccines and drugs are either inadequate, inefficient, or impracticable. The classical approach in studying fish bacterial pathogens has been looking at individual or few virulence factors. Recently, genome sequencing of a number of bacterial fish pathogens has tremendously increased our understanding of the biology, host adaptation, and virulence factors of these important pathogens. This paper attempts to compile the scattered literature on genome sequence information of fish pathogenic bacteria published and available to date. The genome sequencing has uncovered several complex adaptive evolutionary strategies mediated by horizontal gene transfer, insertion sequence elements, mutations and prophage sequences operating in fish pathogens, and how their genomes evolved from generalist environmental strains to highly virulent obligatory pathogens. In addition, the comparative genomics has allowed the identification of unique pathogen-specific gene clusters. The paper focuses on the comparative analysis of the virulogenomes of important fish bacterial pathogens, and the genes involved in their evolutionary adaptation to different ecological niches. The paper also proposes some new directions on finding novel vaccine and chemotherapeutic targets in the genomes of bacterial pathogens of fish.

scholarly journals Discovery of Species-unique Peptide Biomarkers of Bacterial Pathogens by Tandem Mass Spectrometry-based Proteotyping

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Karlsson ◽  
Annika Thorsell ◽  
Margarita Gomila ◽  
Francisco Salvà-Serra ◽  
Hedvig E. Jakobsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Tandem Ms ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections

Mass spectrometry (MS) and proteomics offer comprehensive characterization and identification of microorganisms and discovery of protein biomarkers that are applicable for diagnostics of infectious diseases. The use of biomarkers for diagnostics is widely applied in the clinic and the use of peptide biomarkers is increasingly being investigated for applications in the clinical laboratory. Respiratory-tract infections are a predominant cause for medical treatment, although, clinical assessments and standard clinical laboratory protocols are time-consuming and often inadequate for reliable diagnoses. Novel methods, preferably applied directly to clinical samples, excluding cultivation steps, are needed to improve diagnostics of infectious diseases, provide adequate treatment and reduce the use of antibiotics and associated development of antibiotic resistance. This study applied nano-liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with tandem MS, with a bioinformatics pipeline and an in-house database of curated high-quality reference genome sequences to identify species-unique peptides as potential biomarkers for four bacterial pathogens commonly found in respiratory tract infections (RTIs): Staphylococcus aureus; Moraxella catarrhalis; Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The species-unique peptides were initially identified in pure cultures of bacterial reference strains, reflecting the genomic variation in the four species and, furthermore, in clinical respiratory tract samples, without prior cultivation, elucidating proteins expressed in clinical conditions of infection. For each of the four bacterial pathogens, the peptide biomarker candidates most predominantly found in clinical samples, are presented. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014522. As proof-of-principle, the most promising species-unique peptides were applied in targeted tandem MS-analyses of clinical samples and their relevance for identifications of the pathogens, i.e. proteotyping, was validated, thus demonstrating their potential as peptide biomarker candidates for diagnostics of infectious diseases.

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