scholarly journals Characteristics of the epidemic process and the leading risk factors for HIV infection in conditions of a large metropolis

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
V. V Naumenko ◽  
T. V Sologub ◽  
V. V Tsvetkov ◽  
L. M Tsybalova
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Central District ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The City ◽  
Late Detection

The HIV epidemic has been going on for nearly thirty years, it is a heterogeneous, dynamic and highly resistant to countermeasures. The Leningrad Region and the city of St. Petersburg today are referred to the most affected regions of the Russian Federation, as nearly 1% of the population of this city has HIVpositive status. Despite the decline in the HIV infection incidence of the resident population of the Central District, the epidemiological situation for HIV infection remains to be tense, due to the increase in the cumulative number of HIV-infected and AIDS patients, the increase ofthe morbidity rate and mortality in co-infected patients with HIV/tuberculosis, activation of the output of the epidemic in vulnerable groups into the general population. At the same time, a cohort of HIV-infected patients with a high risk of late detection of tuberculosis continues to form

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the Spread of HIV infection among Urban and Rural Residents of the Tyumen Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
E. N. Mel`nikova ◽  
A. N. Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City ◽  
Vast Territory

Relevance. The geographical spread of HIV infection among the population of various administrative territories is very heterogeneous. The Tyumen region, due to its vast territory and the significant remoteness of some areas from the regional center, is of particular interest in the framework of considering the territorial features of the spread of HIV.Aims. To consider peculiarities of the spread of hiv infection among urban and rural residents of the Tyumen region in 1993–2019.Materials & Methods. Statistical data of the «Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS» in the period from 1993 to 2019, annual form No. 61 «Information on the contingents of HIV patients» for 2006–2019, materials of the state report «On the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the Tyumen region» for 2013–2019. Methods of epidemiological observation were used in the work: analytical and descriptive-evaluative with the use of methods of retrospective and operational analysis and statistical methods.Results and Discussions. A specific feature of the spread of HIV infection among urban and rural residents is the tendency to exceed the regional incidence rate in a number of territories. Analysis of epidemiological data for the period under review showed that all territories of the region are involved in the epidemiological process of HIV infection, and in a number of territories the prevalence rate exceeds the average Russian level. HIV prevalence as of December 31, 2019 was 728.2 per 100 thousand people in Russia. In 17 administrative territories of the Tyumen region the infection rate is higher than the national average level and is per 100 thousand population in the city of Tobolsk – 1903.3, in the districts of Uvat – 1486.2, Tobolsk – 1440.5, Nizhnetavda – 1354.9, Tyumen – 1344.1, Yalutorovsk – 1327.6), in the city. Tyumen – 1249.3, in the districts: Vagay – 1195.2, Zavodoukovsky – 1119.2, in Ishim – 951.8, in the districts: Yarkovsky – 889.6, Vikulovsky – 881.3, Yurginsky – 846.9, Ishimsky district – 842.1, Aromashevsky – 851.6, Isetovsky – 754.4, Uporovsky district – 734.7.Conclusions. The HIV epidemic in the Tyumen region is determined by its economic and geographic location and by the presence of exceptional epidemiologically significant prerequisites for the intensive spread of HIV, in particular, by the routes through which large quantities of drugs are illegally transported (drug trafficking from the northeast).

THE QUESTION OF LEGAL STIMULATION THE OF TREATMENT BY HIV-INFECTED PRISONERS IN THE PLACES OF LIBERTY DEPRIVATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Михайлович Адылин
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation

В настоящее время эпидемиологическая ситуация распространения ВИЧ-инфекции остается осложненной за счет постоянного роста числа новых случаев заражения и высокого риска смерти от заболеваний, ассоциированных с ВИЧ-инфекцией, и СПИДа. Также остается напряженной обстановка распространения ВИЧ-инфекции среди особо уязвимых к заражению групп населения, к которым в соответствии со стратегией противодействия распространению ВИЧ-инфекции в Российской Федерации на период до 2020 г. относятся осужденные и лица, содержащиеся в местах принудительной изоляции от общества. При этом положения данной стратегии указывают на несоответствие современным требованиям обеспечения населения мерами по профилактике, оказанию медицинской помощи, социальной адаптации и реабилитации, а также социальной поддержке при ВИЧ-инфекции. Поэтому существует необходимость решения данных проблем путем внесения изменений в законодательство Российской Федерации для реализации прав и законных интересов ВИЧ-инфицированных, а также защиты человека, общества и государства от распространения данного заболевания. Одной из задач государства в сфере профилактики распространения ВИЧ-инфекции, в том числе в местах лишения свободы, является увеличение охвата ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц антиретровирусной терапией. Согласно результатам нашего исследования лишь около 30 % осужденных ВИЧ-инфицированных осужденных доверительно относятся к применению антиретровирусной терапии. При этом в уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве отсутствуют диспозитивные нормы, стимулирующие прохождение лечения, что в рамках государственной политики в сфере противодействия распространения ВИЧ-инфекции является упущением. С целью решения обозначенных проблемных вопросов автором предложены меры по стимулированию прохождения лечения осужденными к лишению свободы как в период отбывания наказания, так и после освобождения. Currently, the epidemiological situation of the spread of HIV infection remains complicated due to the constant increase in the number of new infections and the high risk of death from diseases associated with HIV infection and AIDS. The situation of the spread of HIV infection among particularly vulnerable groups of the population remains tense, which, in accordance with the strategy for counteracting the spread of HIV infection in the Russian Federation for the period until 2020, include convicts and people held in places of forced isolation from society. At the same time, the provisions of this strategy indicate that the modern requirements for providing the population with measures for prevention, medical care, social adaptation and rehabilitation, as well as social support for HIV infection are not in line. Therefore, there is a need to solve these problems by amending the legislation of the Russian Federation in order to realize the rights and legitimate interests of both HIV-infected people and protect people, society and the state from the spread of this disease. One of the tasks of the state in the field of preventing the spread of HIV infection, including in prisons, is to increase the coverage of HIV-infected people with antiretroviral therapy. Considering the attitude of HIV-infected prisoners to treatment, the results of our study allow us to conclude that only about 30 % of prisoners in this category trust the use of antiretroviral therapy. At the same time, there are no dispositive norms in the penal legislation that stimulate the passage of treatment, which is an omission in the framework of state policy in the field of combating the spread of HIV infection. Therefore, this article proposes measures to stimulate the passage of treatment by prisoners sentenced to imprisonment both during the period of serving the sentence and after release.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE MECHANISMS OF TRANSMISSION OF HIV: VERBAL COMMUNICATION RESEARCH

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Malinovsky ◽  
V. I Kharchenko ◽  
T. P Bessarab ◽  
I. V Gerasimov ◽  
E. M Serebryakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The City

The aim of the study is to assess the features of the formation and implementation of the risks of HIV infection in the city of Moscow, taking into account the gender, type of contact, number of partners, sexual activity, information on the use of barrier protection means. To develop proposals for raising awareness of key (vulnerable) groups of the population. Materials and methods. A survey study involved 329 patients who were on the primary admission to the AIDS Moscow Municipal Center. Four groups of observation, separated by gender and HIV status, were selected. On the base of absolute values, the relative indices for each studied sigh were calculated, the errors in the representativeness of the relative indices were determined, the reliability of the differences in relative values was estimated, the probability of an error-free forecast was assumed to be equal to or greater than 95% (p ≥ 95%). Results and discussion There is established the high prevalence and significant role of anal intercourses (AIC) in the transmission of HIV infection to both men and women among the residents of the metropolitan region along with the lack of awareness of the potential risks of this form of sexual contact in the transmission of HIV infection. The low frequency of condom use by men practicing the AIC has been revealed. The preventive effect of control by women on the use of condoms by their partners has been confirmed. Conclusion As the main tasks to optimize preventive measures for HIV infection, it is necessary to consider informing key (vulnerable) population groups of the base of women's consultations and medical organizations of the dermatovenerologic profile concerning the potential danger of the AIC and the preventive value of barrier protection.

scholarly journals Fighter Battalions of the Leningrad Region Defending the City During the Summer of 1941 — Spring of 1942

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-605
Author(s):  
T. D. Medvedev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tragic Event ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The City ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The Great Patriotic War became not only the most tragic event in modern Russian history, but also a test for the state system of the USSR, which underwent a number of changes after the outbreak of war. Among other things, the war also affected structures subordinate to the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD). New irregular units were created in the NKVD structure, the so-called fighter battalions designed to protect the Red Army’s near rear and to maintain order in the frontline zone. The article explores issues related to the formation and application of these units in one of the most difficult sections of the Soviet-German front, the Leningrad front. In particular, the process of creating fighter battalions in this region is studied, the level of their material support, and how these units were used in conditions of the German army’s rapid attack on Leningrad and how they were used somewhat later during the siege. The source base includes previously unpublished documents from the Central State Archive of Historical and Political Documents of the city of St. Petersburg and the State Archive of the Russian Federation. An analysis allows not only a comprehensive study of the above problems, but also possible answers to one of the little-studied questions of the history of the Great Patriotic War: how the Soviet command used irregular military formations at the first stage of the war and what role they played in achieving victory.

scholarly journals ACTUAL ISSUES OF PERSONNEL TRAINING ON TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH HIV INFECTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
OP P Frolova ◽  
VA A Polesskiy ◽  
VA A Stakhanov ◽  
OV V Butylchenko
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Personnel Training ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Training Of Personnel ◽  
Tuberculosis Care

During the period of registration of tuberculosis associated with HIV infection in Russia (since 1999), its morbidity rate has increased 82.2 times. Changes in pathogenesis of tuberculosis in condition of deep immunodeficiency in patients with HIV infection require improvement of approaches to the training of medical workers who provide anti-tuberculosis care. Aim - improving approaches to personnel training on TB care for people with HIV infection. Methods. Accounting forms 263y-TB "Personal records of patients with TB comorbid with HIV infection" (65,000 records) and reporting forms of Rosstat No. 61 "Data on the population of patients with HIV infection" were analyzed for the period of their validity in the Russian Federation. The study included statistical analysis of the general totality using a computer database, revision of individual records and interview with patients. conclusions. In order to improve the training of personnel on the issues of TB care in HIV infected patients, it is essential to bring the textbooks and regulatory documents in line with the current medical knowledge.

scholarly journals Analysis of Q Fever Incidence in the Russian Federation Between 1957 and 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
S. N. Shpynov ◽  
N. V. Rudakov ◽  
S. Yu. Zelikman
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation

Objective of the study was to analyze the long-term incidence of Q fever in the Russian Federation, to recommend approaches to improve epizootiological and epidemiological surveillance of this infection, taking into account the current state of laboratory diagnostics and monitoring of foci.Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the Q fever incidence using the data contained in Form No 2 of the state statistical report «Information on infectious and parasitic diseases» was conducted in the Russian Federation for the period of 1957– 2019, by the Federal Districts (FD) and administrative territories, and based on the results of the research of the Reference Center for Rickettsioses of the Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections.Results and discussion. Between 1957 and 2019, 13 836 cases of Q fever were officially registered in the Russian Federation. The maximum value of the morbidity rate per 100 thousand of the population was registered in 1957 (1.0 0/0000), the minimum one – in 2008 (0.01 0/0000). From 1997 to 2019, out of 2672 registered in 24 entities of the Russian Federation cases of Q fever, 2224 (83.20 %) occurred in the Southern FD with 2106 (78.8 %) cases in the Astrakhan Region. In the Stavropol Territory of the North Caucasus FD, 173 (6.47 %) cases of the disease were detected. 112 (4.19 %) cases were registered in the Central FD, with the maximum number in the Voronezh Region (82). In the Volga FD, 81 (3.03 %) cases were identified, 54 of which in the Ulyanovsk Region. 42 (1.61 %) cases of the disease were registered in the North-Western FD, 33 – in the Leningrad Region and St. Petersburg. In the Siberian FD, 39 (1.46 %) cases of Q fever were reported, 24 were diagnosed in the Novosibirsk Region. In the Ural FD, 1 (0.04 %) case of infection was detected. In the Far Eastern FD, there is no registration of Q fever. Presented are medical products for Q fever diagnostics authorized in Russia. Sanitation of the foci among farm animals should be carried out in accordance with the current sanitary-epidemiological and veterinary-sanitary rules.

scholarly journals On the issue of improving the assessment of atmospheric air quality in the area of industrial enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Gennady Yeremin ◽  
◽  
Olga Markova ◽  
Sergei Noskov ◽  
Olga Mironenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Industrial Site ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
The City

In the Russian Federation, since 2018, the implementation of the Federal project “Clean air” has begun, planned until 2024. Within the framework of this project, a set of works is planned to reduce the level of atmospheric air pollution and improve the quality of monitoring of harmful substances in the atmosphere. Our research was aimed at improving the monitoring of the quality and condition of atmospheric air in the city of Volkhov, Leningrad region, in the industrial zone of which modern production facilities are dynamically developing. Pollutants of 78 types are released into the atmosphere of the city from 13 enterprises. The total emission of pollutants into the atmosphere from these enterprises is 9.12 thousand tons/year. The most significant contribution is made by the following enterprises: JSC “metachem” (JSC “Apatit”) — 23.7 %; JSC “pikalevskaia soda” (LLC “Glatsem”) — 62.6 %, located on the same industrial site.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE PRESENT-DAY SITUATIONOF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY IN ST. PETERSBURG AND THE LENINGRAD REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(52)) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mihailovna Patrikeeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Transport Mobility ◽  
The City

The development of air transport is one of the most important tasks of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region. This is due to the need to ensure the availability of the city and the region from other regions of the Russian Federation and foreign countries. It is also important for passenger traffic, deliver goods, attract investment and new enterprises and development of tourism. The real situation of airports, the route and the frequency of flights affects to the transport mobility the economic activity of local enterprises and the investment attractiveness.

scholarly journals The experience of the organization of the department of chronic viral infections on the basis of outpatient clinics in a densely populated area of the large megalopolis

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 322-328
Author(s):  
Vitaliy V. Naumenko ◽  
Tamara V. Sologub
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Special Unit ◽  
Chronic Viral Infections ◽  
Central District ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

The article presents data on the incidence of HIV infection both in the city of St. Petersburg and the Central district of the city of St. Petersburg for the 5-years period. There is given the description of the age and gender of HIV-infected patients. There was performed the analysis of the activity of special unit for care to patients with HIV-infection and chronic viral hepatitis of the Central district of the city of St. Petersburg.

Institutional environment creating for attracting investment into infrastructure: The cases of Russian regions

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Borshchevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Behavior Of Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Nenets Autonomous ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article examines the institutional process in a regional economy connected with the infrastructure development. We use the neoinstitutional approach to study factors that influence the behavior of government and business in their interaction in the economy. We also use statistical methods to analyze the dynamics of socio-economic development indicators of the subjects of the Russian Federation as well as the results of measures to attract private investment into infrastructure, including the PPP. We chose the city of Moscow and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District as two empirical case studies which differ in economic and geographic conditions, but both demonstrate success in attracting private investment and implementing infrastructure projects. Our conclusions are consistent with a theory that asserts the primacy of institutional environment in relation to project implementation. We make also some practical recommendations for the development of the institutional environment which are acceptable for all regions solving similar problems of infrastructure development.

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