scholarly journals The vaginal microbiota in the first trimester of pregnancy in women having history of pregnancy loss

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna A. Siniakova ◽  
Elena V. Shipitsyna ◽  
Elena V. Rybina ◽  
Olga V. Budilovskaya ◽  
Tamara A. Pluzhnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introduction. Abnormal vaginal microflora in the first trimester of pregnancy is a risk factor for miscarriage. Opportunistic microorganisms predominate among microorganisms causing microflora disturbance. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vaginal microflora in the first trimesterфIntroduction. Abnormal vaginal microflora in the first trimester of pregnancy is a risk factor for miscarriage. Opportunistic microorganisms predominate among microorganisms causing microflora disturbance. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vaginal microflora in the first trimester of pregnancy in women having history of pregnancy loss. Matherials and Methods. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, microscopic and cultural methods were used to examine 60 pregnant women having history of pregnancy loss and 10 pregnant women with uncomplicated obstetric history. Results. Disorders of the vaginal microflora were observed only in women having history of pregnancy loss. The lactoflora in both groups was shown to consist most frequently of 3 Lactobacillus species: Lactobacillus crispatus, L. jensenii, and L. iners. However, the species L. iners were detected only in the group of women with history of pregnancy loss. Non-Lactobacillus microbiota was significantly more often observed in pregnant women having history of pregnancy loss. Facultative and obligate anaerobes were detected in both groups. The concentration of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis in women in both groups had no significant differences. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that abnormal microbiota is more often observed in women having history of pregnancy loss.of pregnancy in women having history of pregnancy loss. Matherials and Methods. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, microscopic and cultural methods were used to examine 60 pregnant women having history of pregnancy loss and 10 pregnant women with uncomplicated obstetric history. Results. Disorders of the vaginal microflora were observed only in women having history of pregnancy loss. The lactoflora in both groups was shown to consist most frequently of 3 Lactobacillus species: Lactobacillus crispatus, L. jensenii, and L. iners. However, the species L. iners were detected only in the group of women with history of pregnancy loss. Non-Lactobacillus microbiota was significantly more often observed in pregnant women having history of pregnancy loss. Facultative and obligate anaerobes were detected in both groups. The concentration of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis in women in both groups had no significant differences. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that abnormal microbiota is more often observed in women having history of pregnancy loss.

scholarly journals Distribution of diandric and digynic triploidy depending on gestational age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Massalska ◽  
Katarzyna Ozdarska ◽  
Tomasz Roszkowski ◽  
Julia Bijok ◽  
Anna Kucińska-Chahwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Spontaneous Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Fluorescent Polymerase Chain Reaction

Abstract Purpose To establish the distribution of diandric and digynic triploidy depending on gestational age. Methods 107 triploid samples tested prospectively in a single genetic department during a four-year period were analyzed for parental origin of triploidy by Quantitative Fluorescent Polymerase Chain Reaction (QF-PCR) (n=95) with the use of matching parental samples or by MS-MLPA (n=12), when parental samples were unavailable. Tested pregnancies were divided into three subgroups with regard to the gestational age at spontaneous pregnancy loss: <11 gestational weeks, 11–14 gestational weeks, and >14 gestational weeks. Results Diandric triploidy constituted overall 44.9% (46.5% in samples miscarried <11 gestational weeks, 64.3% in samples miscarried between 11 and 14 gestational weeks, and 27.8% in pregnancies which survived >14 gestational weeks). Conclusions The distribution of diandric and digynic triploidy depends on gestational age. The majority of diandric triploid pregnancies is lost in the first trimester of pregnancy. In the second trimester, diandric cases are at least twice less frequent than digynic ones.

scholarly journals Efficiency of early monitoring gestational process in women with risk of pregnancy loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
V. E. Radzinskiy ◽  
E. M. Demidova ◽  
M. Y Bazovaia ◽  
I. M. Ordiyants
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Definition Of

This article is devoted to optimization of dispensary observation at the eshlia terms of gestation of women suffer from sporadic miscaniages in anamnesis as well as tlie definition of prognostic meaning of the ultmsonic doppleromet-ry criterias, the enzyme activity of lisosomal of blood plasma and tlie cytochemical mte (DCR) for tlie segmentnuclear leucocytes at the pregnant women witli pathological obstetl'ic anamnesis. 13 7p1-egnant women were tested, 98 o f them at the earlier terms o f gest-ation from 7 to 14 weelis of t-heir pregnancy. The received data show that metabolic conection and normalization of microbiocenosis of vagina and cavix channel in tlie first trimester of pregnancy is pathogen validity, they promot-e tlie nmwaf pregnancy of the next terms of gestation and decrease tlie frequency of repeat-ed misriages

scholarly journals The Role of Routine Ultrasonography in the First Trimester of Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 950-958
Author(s):  
T. Saravanan ◽  
Hephzibah Kirubamani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Early Pregnancy Failure ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Introduction: In the early stages of pregnancy, ultrasound is an extremely specific method for examination. This article reviews how the normal development of a baby in the first trimester of pregnancy relates to ultrasound findings. Aim: To highlight the importance of routine ultrasonography in the first trimester of pregnancy in detecting and dating gestation, its viability and early detection of anomalies and complications Methods: This descriptive study involved 100 pregnant women within 12 weeks of gestation attending antenatal clinic at Saveetha Medical college, during the study period Inclusion Criteria: Pregnant women with history of amenorrhea <12 weeks of gestation. Exclusion criteria: Individuals with history of pain abdomen and bleeding per vaginum Results: A total of 99 pregnancies were intrauterine of which 1 was anembryonic and 2 had early pregnancy failure, 15 pregnancies were redated. One ectopic and one fibroid complicating pregnancy were aslo found. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is an effective method to detect and date pregnancy, identify nonviable pregnancies, fetal abnormalities and early trimester complications. Hence it is ideal to use it routinely as screening tool during the first trimester of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Gestation in patients with a combination of antiphospholipid and torch syndromes

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
E. N. Kravchenko ◽  
A. A. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Preconception Care ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Hypoxia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Threatened Abortion

Aim. To study the features of gestation in women with a combination of antiphospholipid and TORCH syndromes in relation to preconception care.Materials and Methods. We analyzed 137 medical records of women with a past medical history of pregnancy loss and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), focusing on the presence or absence of plasmapheresis in the preconception period, and further ranking the patients into 2 subgroups (with and without TORCH syndrome). As a control group, we included 28 pregnant women without both syndromes.Results. Gestation in women with combined APS and TORCH syndromes was accompanied by a 10-fold higher risk of threatened abortion in the first trimester and 3-fold higher risk of placental insufficiency as compared to those without both syndromes. Notably, the combination of the syndromes doubled the risk of placental insufficiency in comparison with APS alone. The lack of plasmapheresis in patients with APS and TORCH syndrome was associated with > 2-fold higher risk of threatened abortion. Further, in patients with APS and TORCH syndrome, lack of plasmapheresis increased the likelihood of developing fetal hypoxia by a factor of 2 and 3 in comparison with those diagnosed with APS alone or control patients.Conclusions. TORCH syndrome is a major risk factor of adverse outcome in pregnant women with APS. Inclusion of plasmapheresis into the preconception care in women with APS and TORCH syndrome significantly reduced the development of pregnancy complications. 

scholarly journals Biochemical Markers for Prediction of Pregnancy Outcome in Cases of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Β Hcg

Objective: To predict pregnancy outcome by studying the relation between serum βHCG, progesterone and CA125 and the occurrence of miscarriage in the first trimester, in cases with history of recurrent pregnancy loss. Methods: Serum βHCG, progesterone and CA125 levels in fifty pregnant women with history of recurrent pregnancy loss were compared to 50 pregnant women with no history of abortion, and to another group of women (No=50) who failed to complete the 1st trimester of pregnancy during the study. Results: Serum B-hCG showed a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 50%, a PPV of 50% and a NPV of 100%. Serum progesterone showed a sensitivity of 24%, a specificity of 73%, a PPV of 55.07% and a NPV of 85.18%, while serum CA125 showed a sensitivity of 15.6%, a specificity of 58.59%, a PPV of 16.32% and a NPV of 57.42%. Conclusion: The value of CA125 in recurrent abortions is still unclear and cannot recommended on routine basis. On the other hand, β-HCG is highly sensitive as a single serum measurement for the prediction of pregnancy outcome.

scholarly journals The efficiency of treatment of vaginal infections in women with a history of miscarriage

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Anna A. Siniakova ◽  
Elena V. Shipitsyna ◽  
Olga V. Budilovskaya ◽  
Vyacheslav M. Bolotskikh ◽  
Alevtina M. Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
History Of ◽  
Threatened Abortion

Hypothesis/aims of study. The problem of vaginal infections during pregnancy is of high importance in obstetric practice. To predict the risks and reduce the frequency of pregnancy and childbirth complications, it is necessary to dynamically assess the vaginal microflora and treat its disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate the vaginal microflora and evaluate the effectiveness of treating vaginal infections in pregnant women with a history of miscarriage. Study design, materials and methods. The study included 153 pregnant women in the first trimester. The main group (group I) consisted of 99 women with a history of miscarriage, 35 of whom had signs of threatened abortion (subgroup IA) and 64 did not (subgroup IB). The control group (group II) comprised 54 women without a history of miscarriage and signs of threatened abortion. The vaginal microflora was examined using microscopic, bacteriological and quantitative real-time PCR methods. All patients with an established vaginal infection (bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis) received etiotropic therapy, depending on the microorganisms identified and their sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs. After treatment, in order to assess the effectiveness of the therapy, the vaginal microflora was examined in the second trimester and the outcomes and complications of present pregnancy were evaluated. Results. In women of subgroup IA, vulvovaginitis and bacterial vaginosis were detected 3.5 times more often compared to the control group, and 1.6 times more often compared to subgroup IB (66% and 19%, respectively, p 0.001; 66% and 42%, respectively, p 0.05). Aerobic vaginitis was the most frequent vaginal infection in the first trimester of pregnancy in women of the main group (p 0.05). After treatment, the frequency of the vaginal infections in the second trimester in women of the main group significantly decreased: by 1.9 times in subgroup IA and by 1.5 times in subgroup IB (p 0.05). There were no significant differences in the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with bacterial vaginosis or vulvovaginitis as compared to women with normal vaginal microflora. Nevertheless, pregnancy and childbirth complications were diagnosed 4 times more frequently in the main group (23% and 6%, respectively, p 0.05), with the complications occurring significantly more often in the cases of vulvovaginitis or bacterial vaginosis and signs of threatened abortion in the first trimester (p 0.05). Conclusion. Etiotropic therapy of vaginal infections diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy in women with a history of miscarriage was highly effective. In 40% of women, vaginal microbiocenosis normalized, and the clinical symptoms of vaginosis/vaginitis disappeared. Differences in the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with vulvovaginitis or bacterial vaginosis in the first trimester and in women with normal vaginal microbiocenosis were not significant. However, the treatment of vaginal infections in the group of pregnant women with a history of miscarriage did not significantly affect the frequency of pregnancy and childbirth complications.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Markers in Early Pregnancy Loss: A Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Torkzahrani ◽  
Padideh Janati Ataei ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Soheila Khodakarim ◽  
Zohre Sheikhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Early Pregnancy Loss ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Objectives: Evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) plays a prominent role in the pathophysiology of pregnancy complications in women. The present study was conducted to determine the levels of OS markers in early pregnancy loss and to compare the results with those in healthy pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 women with early pregnancy loss and 32 healthy women in the first trimester of pregnancy, with similar demographic characteristics entered this study as the cases and controls. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), uric acid, and bilirubin levels were determined in both groups. The data obtained were then analyzed and compared between the groups using the independent samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The 2 groups matched in terms of personal-demographic characteristics including mother’s age, father’s age, gravidity, and body mass index (BMI). MDA levels increased significantly in the women with spontaneous abortion compared to the healthy pregnant women (4.35±1.47 vs. 3.42±1.68 µM/L; P=0.026) and TAC decreased significantly in the cases compared to the healthy controls (552.34±212.79 vs. 1003.23±1168.68 U/mL; P=0.040). Uric acid and bilirubin levels did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: The results of this study provides further evidence on the effect of increased OS on the incidence of early spontaneous abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. High serum MDA levels and low TAC during pregnancy were 2 risk factors for spontaneous abortion. The present findings support the hypothesis that OS plays a key role in the etiopathogenesis of spontaneous abortion. Further studies are required for assessing the preventive role of antioxidant therapy in this complication.

scholarly journals Anamnestic and microbiological predictors of miscarriage

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Anna A. Sinyakova ◽  
Elena V. Shipitsyna ◽  
Olga V. Budilovskaya ◽  
Vyacheslav M. Bolotskikh ◽  
Alevtina M. Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Ongoing Pregnancy ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Present Pregnancy ◽  
Late Miscarriage ◽  
Predictor Factors

Hypothesis/aims of study. Miscarriage is a significant medical and social problem. The etiology of pregnancy losses is diverse and depends on many factors. It is believed that dysbiotic disorders of the vagina are one of the main causes of this pathology. While the etiopathogenesis of miscarriage is actively studied, many questions still remain open. The aim of the study was to investigate anamnestic and microbiological predictor factors of miscarriage. Study design, materials, and methods. In a prospective cohort study, 159 pregnant women were examined in the first trimester of pregnancy: the anamnesis, course of pregnancy, vaginal microflora, and present pregnancy outcome were studied. The vaginal microflora was analyzed using microscopic, bacteriological and quantitative real-time PCR methods. Depending on the present pregnancy outcome, the patients were divided into two groups: those delivered at term and women with early and late miscarriage. The analysis of predictors of miscarriage of the ongoing pregnancy was performed depending on the period of delivery. Results. The rate of miscarriage in women was 13%. The independent predictors of early miscarriage were chronic endometritis (OR 10.54; 95% CI 2.54 to 43.64), the dominance of Lactobacillus iners in the vaginal microflora (OR 8.52; 95% CI 2.07 to 35.05), and the prevalence of non-Lactobacillus species in microscopy of vaginal preparations (OR 4.50; 95% CI 1.02 to 19.69). The dominance of Lactobacillus crispatus was a significant protective factor of late miscarriage (OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.99). Conclusion. The undertaken analysis revealed significant associations of a number of anamnestic and microbiological predictor factors with miscarriage, which will enable to substantiate approaches for predicting pregnancy outcomes at different gestational age and to develop methods of pre-conception care and treatment in women with different risk of miscarriage.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 in first trimester pregnancy – does it affect the fetus?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina la Cour Freiesleben ◽  
Pia Egerup ◽  
Kathrine Vauvert Römmelmayer Hviid ◽  
Elin Rosenbek Severinsen ◽  
Astrid Marie Kolte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nuchal Translucency ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
First Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Test Serum

AbstractBackgroundSeveral viral infections are known to be harmful to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy and can cause increased nuchal translucency thickness and pregnancy loss. Currently, no evidence exists regarding possible effects of SARS-CoV-2 in first trimester pregnancies.MethodsCohort 1 included pregnant women with a double test taken between Feb. 17 and Apr. 23, 2020, during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic peak in Denmark. The double test was taken as part of the first trimester risk assessment. Cohort 2 included women with a first trimester pregnancy loss before double test. Serum from the double test or from a blood sample, in case of pregnancy loss, was analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The results were correlated to the nuchal translucency thickness and the number of pregnancy losses.ResultsIn total, 1,019 pregnant women with double test and 36 women with pregnancy loss participated in the study. Thirty (2.9%) women had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the serum from the double test. All women with pregnancy loss prior to the double test were negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. There were no significant differences in nuchal translucency thickness for women testing positive (n=14) versus negative (p=0.20) or grey zone (n=16) versus negative (p=0.28). In total, 54 women experienced a pregnancy loss of whom two had grey zone or positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.ConclusionMaternal SARS-CoV-2 infection did not seem harmful in first trimester pregnancies. Infection had no effect on the nuchal translucency thickness and women with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were not overrepresented among women with pregnancy loss.

scholarly journals Differential Vaginal Expression of Interleukin-1 System Cytokines in the Presence ofMycoplasma hominisandUreaplasma urealyticumin Pregnant Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiko Doh ◽  
Parrin T. Barton ◽  
Irina Korneeva ◽  
Sriram C. Perni ◽  
Ann Marie Bongiovanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Vaginal Colonization ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective:The genital mycoplasmas,Ureaplasma urealyticumandMycoplasma hominis, are commonly identified in the vagina of healthy pregnant women. However, these microorganisms are the most common isolates from the amniotic fluids of women in preterm labor. The mechanisms responsible for vaginal colonization and ascent to the uterus remain undetermined. We evaluated the association betweenU. urealyticumandM. hominisvaginal colonization and the presence of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory interleukin-1 system components in asymptomatic pregnant women of different ethnicities.Methods:Vaginal specimens, obtained from 224 first trimester pregnant women, were assayed for interleukin- 1β(IL-1β) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) concentrations by ELISA.U. urealyticumandM. hominisvaginal colonization were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results:Vaginal colonization withM. hominiswas identified in 37 (16.5%) women, and was more prevalent in black (18.9%) and Hispanic (20.9%) than in white (4.2%) women (p= 0.01).U. urealyticumwas present in 84 (37.5%) women and there was no ethnic disparity in its detection.M. hominiscolonization was associated with elevated median vaginal IL-1βconcentrations in both black women (p=0.02) and Hispanic women (p= 0.04), and was unrelated to vaginal IL-1ra concentrations. In marked contrast,U. urealyticumcolonization was associated with elevations in vaginal IL-1ra levels, but not with IL-1βconcentrations, in black women (p= 0.02) and Hispanic women (p< 0.0001) and marginally in white women (p= 0.06).Conclusion:M. hominiscolonization in healthy pregnant women is associated with localized pro-inflammatory immune activation, whileU. urealyticumcolonization is associated with immune suppression.

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