On the use of the main nutrient medium from cottage cheese for growing microbes

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-345
Author(s):  
O. V. Geltzer
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Pigment Formation ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
The Soviet Union

The main condition for the suitability of a nutrient medium for growing microbes is the presence of protein substances in it. Research thought so far has been in the direction of replacing animal protein with vegetable protein. We see this in a large number of German recipes, the so-called. Ersaznhrbden (surrogate environments). In order to find the most complete replacement of animal proteins in bacteriological nutrient media, the composition of many nutrients was determined in detail. Soy proteins turned out to be the closest in composition to animal proteins. Since soybeans are not widespread in all regions of the Soviet Union, Russian researchers had to look for other sources of raw materials, more accessible than soybeans. The Scientific Medical Institute proposed nutrient media from peas. But, apparently, these media are not always suitable (Calc), if only in view of the limited number of generations obtained for the p-p of some pathogenic bacteria (bang. Shiga dysentery), the absence of pigment formation (miraculous rod).

Transitions

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-121
Author(s):  
Vince Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
Second World ◽  
Gain Access

The fourth chapter discusses the American intelligence shift in focus from the German atomic bomb program to the atomic research effort of the Soviet Union. Alsos scientists were eventually convinced that the German atomic bomb program was far behind that of the United States, and would not be a factor in the Second World War. However, Alsos was kept in Europe to ensure that the Soviet Union did not gain access to German atomic resources. This meant capturing German scientists, occupying German research facilities and laboratories, and capturing German raw materials and industrial centers. In some cases, when it became apparent that Allied forces would not be able to reach certain areas before Soviet forces arrived, Groves utilized the conventional forces of the U.S. Army and the covert forces of the OSS to destroy the resource to ensure it could not be of benefit to the Soviets.

Invasion and Occupation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Prusin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Military Power ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Chain Of Command ◽  
Political Economic

Examines German rule imposed on Serbia after the collapse in Yugoslavia in April 1941. Obsessed with the preparation for the war against the Soviet Union, Hitler relegated Serbia to a source-depot of food supplies and raw materials within the Third Reich’s political-economic space. As a hinterland for the German forces in the Balkans, Serbia became a “state of emergency,” whereby the system of governing was simplified to the direct chain of command from top to bottom for the purpose of fulfilling specific tasks. Initially, the April catastrophe facilitated the image of Germany as an invincible military power and seemingly extinguished popular will to resistance.

scholarly journals Stosunki gospodarcze i handlowe ZSRR – Niemcy w latach 1918–1940 (część 1)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Klimiuk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Mutual Trade ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Trade ◽  
Credit Agreement ◽  
Dynamic Exchange ◽  
Economic Agreement

The author analyzes in his paper the economic and trade relations between Germanyand the Soviet Union in the period of 1918–1944. During this period trade relations withGermany constituted a continuation of relations between Tsarist Russia and Germany beforeWorld War I. The German-Soviet Economic Agreement of October 12, 1925, formed specialconditions for the mutual trade relations between the two countries. In addition to the normalexchange of goods, German exports to the Soviet Union were based from the very beginningon a system negotiated by the Soviet Trade Mission to Berlin under which the Soviet Union wasgranted loans for financing additional orders from Germany. Trade with Soviet Union, promotedby the first credit-based operations, led to a dynamic exchange of goods, which reached itshighest point in 1931. In the early 1930s, however, Soviet imports decreased as regime assertedpower and its weakened adherence to the disarmament requirements of the Treaty of Versaillesdecreased Germany’s reliance on Soviet imports. In addition, the Nazi Party’s ascent to powerincreased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union. In the mid-1930s, the Soviet Unionmade repeated efforts at reestablishing closer contacts with Germany. The Soviets chieflysought to repay, with raw materials, the debts which arose from earlier trade exchange, whileGermany sought to rearm, therefore both countries signed a credit agreement in 1935. The saidagreement placed at the disposal of the Soviet Union until June 30, 1937, the loans amountingto 200 million Reichsmarks, to be repaid in the period 1940–1943. The Soviet Union used183 million Reichsmarks from this credit. The preceding credit operations were, in principle,liquidated. Economic reconciliation was hampered by political tensions after the Anschluss inmid-1938 and Hitler’s increasing hesitance to deal with the Soviet Union. However, a new periodin the development of Soviet–German economic relations began after the Ribbetrop–MolotovAgreement, which was concluded in August of 1939.

scholarly journals The Classical Soviet-Type Economy: Nature of the System and Implications for Reform

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E Ericson
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
East European ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Economic System ◽  
System Characteristics

Below I will outline the traditional Soviet economic system, developing its logic of institutions and interactions, and pointing out their natural economic consequences. This will lead me to a list of defining characteristics of that system, characteristics that are mutually dependent and supporting and hence must be changed more or less simultaneously if effective reform is to take place. One implication is that step-by-step measures are likely to fail. Instead, complete replacement of the economic system, as apparently intended by many East European reformers, seems necessary for a market-based system to begin functioning. This will be a truly monumental task and nowhere more so than in the Soviet Union.

scholarly journals Medicines and life (to the 100th anniversary of Professor Irina Vitalievna Zaikonnikova)

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 960-963
Author(s):  
R S Garaev ◽  
A U Ziganshin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Major Work ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
High Concentrations

Irina Vitalevna Zaikonnikova is a well-known Soviet pharmacologist, headed the Department of Pharmacology of the Kazan State Medical Institute between 1968 and 1989. The topic of I.V. Zaikonnikovas Ph.D. thesis was The influence of dikain on blood vessels and its relationship with adrenaline. In her dissertation, Irina Vitalievna found that dicaine dilates blood vessels in low concentrations and causes their constriction in high concentrations. The thesis was successfully defended in 1947. In the 50s of the last century in Kazan, for the first time in the Soviet Union, the study of the biological activity of organophosphorus compounds was begun. A large experimental material concerning the correlation between the biological activity and chemical structure of compounds was summarized in his doctoral dissertation Pharmacological characteristics of a number of dialkylphosphinic acid esters, which I.V. Zaikonnikova defended in 1968. At the Department of Pharmacology, which she headed since 1968, a close-knit team was formed, united by a common interest the search and development of new potential drugs. This major work resulted in the creation of cidiphos, glycifon, phosphabenzide, and dimephosphon organophosphorus compounds of a new type, which mechanism of action is not associated with inhibition of the activity of acetylcholinesterase. In addition, drugs that did not belong to organophosphates were created the daytime tranquilizer mebikar, a regeneration stimulator with the immunomodulatory effect of xymedon. At present, the Department of Pharmacology of Kazan State Medical University continues the scientific traditions of our outstanding predecessors.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MEAT INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
A. V. Efimov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Food Needs

The modern economy of Russia has been reporting since 1991, when the collapse of the Soviet Union was happened. Since then, the country has taken a course to modernize the economy, as well as to integrate into the international economic space. Russia abandoned the planned system in favor of a market model of the economy, which is currently developing in the context of globalization, modernization and standardization. In recent years, due to the aggravation of the political situation in the world, Russia is in a situation of financial crisis and is experiencing enormous international pressure. In this regard, Russia is actively increasing its own production, primarily by developing the food industry. This industry is extremely important because it is connected with the production of raw materials and products aimed at meeting the food needs of the population.

The Intra and Inter Industry Trade of Cuba (2000-2014)

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-104
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto Lopez-Arevalo ◽  
Francisco Garcia-Fernandez ◽  
Rafael Alejandro Vaquera-Salazar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Mutual Economic Assistance ◽  
Manufactured Goods

The aim of this study is to analyze Cuba’s foreign trade with three main partners during the so-called Special Period, a result from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. With the absence of the Mutual Economic Assistance Council (MEAC), Cuba had to make structural changes in its economy and foreign trade. A center-periphery model of doing business between Cuba and its trade partners was implemented. Under this model, China became Cuba’s main supplier of manufactured goods and Cuba supplied raw materials. Foreign trade in Cuba was limited due to the economic embargo from the United States. Nowadays, the relation between these two countries has become more of a trading collaboration. The United States has turned into one of Cuba’s main food suppliers, while Cuba exports art pieces and antiquities to that country. Russia also became a main exporter of manufactured goods and machinery to Cuba, just as China. In return, Cuba is sending raw materials to both of those countries.

Kazakstan and Xinjiang: Regional Players in the World Economy

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-571
Author(s):  
Sharip Nadyrov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Production Labor ◽  
Former Soviet Republics

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the large international companies of the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (XUAR) began to emphasize collaboration with the former Soviet republics because of opportunities for new markets and raw materials. There are several basic problems, however, demanding serious research into such trade prospects:(1) The definition of economic and technological variants in the division of labor among Russia, Central Asia, and the People's Republic of China (P.R.C.), including the roles of Kazakstan and Xinjiang.(2) Defining needs and prioritizing units of production, labor, transportation, etc.(3) Macropolitical and macroeconomical forecasts of the situations in Russia, Central Asia, and China.(4) Research on the optimum forms of cooperation.

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

1963 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 988-989 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Industrial Equipment ◽  
Mutual Economic ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Mutual Economic Assistance ◽  
International Specialization ◽  
Set Up

The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) held its seventeenth session in Bucharest on December 74–20, 1962, attended by delegates from Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union. A communiqué stated that a permanent currency and finance commission had been set up under the Council to develop cooperation in those fields among COMECON member countries, that international specialization and “socialist division of labor” among members had increased, and that during the first nine months of 7962 over-all trade among member countries had risen by 15 percent and trade in machinery and industrial equipment by 24 percent. The communiqué noted that the COMECON countries were now largely self-sufficient in certain raw materials, manufactures, etc., notably lignite, hard coal, oil and oil products, fertilizers, grain, machinery and industrial equipment, and timber.

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