scholarly journals Osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
R. A. Zulkarneev ◽  
R. R. Zulkarneev
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Fractures Of The Spine

Due to the increase in life expectancy in all countries, the stratum of elderly and senile people, who often have osteoporosis (OP), is increasing. The fragility of the bone base of the skeleton in OP leads to frequent fractures of the spine, femoral neck, bones of the forearm and other areas of the musculoskeletal system (IOS). The prevention of OP and its treatment are becoming a socio-economic problem, in the solution of which doctors of all specialties should take part. In the course of studying the problem of OP, there has been a departure from the traditional ideas about it as an age-related inevitability, and in women as a result of menopause. It is appropriate to mention that S.A. Reinberg [2] emphasized the polyetiology of OP.

The archaeology of osteoporosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Turner-Walker ◽  
Unni Syversen ◽  
Simon Mays
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Medieval Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Uk

The application of medical scanning technologies to archaeological skeletons provides novel insights into the history and potential causes of osteoporosis. The present study investigated bone mineral density (BMD) in medieval skeletons from England and Norway. Comparisons between the two adult populations found no statistically significant differences. This compares with a modern fracture incidence for the femoral neck in women from Norway that is almost three times that in the UK. The pattern of age-related bone loss in medieval men was similar to that seen in men today. In contrast, the pattern in medieval women differed from that of modern young women. On average, medieval women experienced a decrease in BMD at the femoral neck of approximately 23 per cent between the ages of 22 and 35. These losses were partially recovered by age 45, after which BMD values show a decline consistent with post-menopausal bone loss in modern western women. A possible explanation of the rapid decline in BMD in young medieval women is bone loss in connection with pregnancy and lactation in circumstances of insufficient nutrition.

Age-related changes in female femoral neck geometry: Implications for bone strength

1993 ◽  
Vol 53 (S1) ◽  
pp. S41-S46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Beck ◽  
Christopher B. Ruff ◽  
Khem Bissessur
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Femoral Neck Geometry ◽  
Age Related Changes

Endokrinológiai tényezők és metabolikus folyamatok szerepe az élettartam szabályozásában

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (33) ◽  
pp. 1318-1327
Author(s):  
Tamás Halmos ◽  
Ilona Suba
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related

Összefoglaló. Az emberek a lehető leghosszabb ideig akarnak élni, jó egészségben. Ha kiküszöbölnénk a kedvezőtlen külső körülményeket, a várható élettartam meghaladhatná a 100 évet. A 20. és 21. században a jóléti társadalmakban a várható élettartam jelentősen megnőtt, így Magyarországon is. Az áttekintett irodalom alapján megvizsgáltuk, hogy a genetika és az öröklődés mellett milyen endokrinológiai és metabolikus tényezők játszanak szerepet az élet meghosszabbításában. Megvizsgáltunk minden endogén tényezőt, amely pozitívan vagy negatívan befolyásolhatja az életkorral összefüggő betegségeket (Alzheimer-kór, szív- és érrendszeri betegségek, rák) és az élettartamot. Kiemeltük a hyperinsulinaemia, az inzulinrezisztencia, a metabolikus szindróma öregedést gyorsító hatását, az inzulinszerű növekedési hormon-1 ellentmondásos szerepét, valamint az élet meghosszabbításában részt vevő, újabban felfedezett peptideket, mint a klotho és a humanin. Ismertettük a mitochondriumok szerepét az élettartam meghatározásában, bemutattuk a mitohormesis folyamatát és annak stresszvédő funkcióját. Bemutattuk a rapamicin célszervét, az mTOR-t, amelynek gátlása meghosszabbítja az élettartamot, valamint a szirtuinokat. Kitértünk az autophagia folyamatára, és ismertettük a szenolitikumok szerepét az öregedésben. Az időskori autoimmunitás csökkenése hozzájárul az élettartam rövidüléséhez, utaltunk a thymus koordináló szerepére. Kiemeltük a bélmikrobiom fontos szerepét az élettartam szabályozásában. Hivatkoztunk a „centenáriusok” megfigyeléséből nyert humánadatokra. Megvizsgáltuk, milyen beavatkozási lehetőségek állnak rendelkezésre az egészségben tölthető élettartam meghosszabbításához. Az életmódbeli lehetőségek közül kiemeltük a kalóriabevitel-csökkentés és a testmozgás jótékony szerepét. Megvizsgáltuk egyes gyógyszerek feltételezett hatásait. Ezek közé tartozik a metformin, az akarbóz, a rezveratrol. E gyógyszerek mindegyikének hatása hasonló a kalóriamegszorításéhoz. Nincs olyan „csodaszer”, amely igazoltan meghosszabbítja az élettartamot emberben. Egyes géneknek és génmutációknak jótékony hatásuk van, de ezt környezeti tényezők, betegségek, balesetek és más külső ártalmak módosíthatják. Kiemeljük az elhízás, az alacsony fokozatú gyulladás és az inzulinrezisztencia öregedésre gyakorolt gyorsító hatását. A metabolikus szindróma elterjedtsége miatt ez jelentős népegészségügyi kockázatot jelent. Az inzulin, a növekedési hormon és az inzulinszerű növekedési faktorok hatásainak értékelése továbbra is ellentmondásos. Az egészséges, szellemileg és fizikailag aktív életmód, a kalóriacsökkentés mindenképpen előnyös. Az életet meghosszabbító szerek értékelése még vitatott. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(33): 1318–1327. Summary. People want to live as long as possible in good health. If we eliminate the unfavorable external conditions, the life expectancy could exceed 100 years. In the 20th and 21th centuries, life expectancy in welfare societies increased significantly, including in Hungary. Based on the reviewed literature, we examined what endocrinological and metabolic factors play a role in prolonging life in addition to genetics and inheritance. We examined all endogenous factors that can positively or negatively affect age-related diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer) and longevity. We highlighted the aging effects of hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, the controversial role of insulin-like growth factor-1, and more recently discovered peptides involved in prolonging lifespan, such as klotho and humanin. We described the role of mitochondria in determining longevity, we demonstrated the process of mitohormesis and its stress-protective function. We presented the target organ of rapamycin, mTOR, the inhibition of which prolongs lifespan, as well as sirtuins. We covered the process of autophagy and described the role of senolytics in aging. The decrease in autoimmunity in old age contributes to the shortening of life expectancy, we referred to the coordinating role of the thymus. We highlighted the important role of intestinal microbiome in the regulation of longevity. We referred to human data obtained from observations on “centenarians”. We examined what intervention options are available to prolong healthy life expectancy. Among the lifestyle options, we highlighted the beneficial role of calorie reduction and exercise. We examined the putative beneficial effects of some drugs. These include metformin, acarbose, resveratrol. The effect of each of these drugs is similar to calorie restriction. There is no “miracle cure” that has been shown to prolong life-span in humans. Some genes and gene mutations have beneficial effects, but this can be modified by environmental factors, diseases, accidents, and other external harms. We highlight the accelerating effects of obesity, low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance on aging. Due to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, this poses a significant risk to public health. The assessment of the effects of insulin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factors remains controversial. A healthy, mentally and physically active lifestyle, calorie reduction is definitely beneficial. The evaluation of life-prolonging agents is still controversial. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(33): 1318–1327.

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: a modern approach to treatment

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Madina I. Mazitova ◽  
Rezeda R. Mardieva
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Menopausal Syndrome ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
Common Marker ◽  
Active Interest ◽  
Genitourinary Syndrome

Life expectancy over the past half century has increased significantly and by 2025 approximately one in six people on Earth will be over 60 years old, thus, age-related diseases become even more relevant, this also applies to menopausal syndrome in postmenopausal women. The average age of menopause is 5052 years. In the world 25 million women annually experience menopause and only 10% of them have no pathological manifestations. Genitourinar menopausal syndrome is the second most common marker of menopause. Urogenital disorders are a fairly common nosology, which is confirmed by numerous studies, but not every woman considers it necessary to report a problem to a doctor, considering this a natural course of aging. The increase in life expectancy and rejuvenation of the population is undoubtedly associated with socio-social development and the achievement of medicine, the purpose of which is also to increase the extension of the term of a healthy and quality life. Studies conducted in recent decades to study atrophic hypoestrogenic changes in the urogenital tract will allow us to reconsider our attitude to genitourinar menopausal syndrome and to select appropriate treatment for various groups of patients. But the inability of women, at times, to declare their symptoms associated with vulvovaginal atrophy, and the lack of active interest in this issue by doctors, especially gynecologists, leaves this problem unresolved.

scholarly journals Kidney Disease in HIV Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Alfano ◽  
Gianni Cappelli ◽  
Francesco Fontana ◽  
Luca Di Lullo ◽  
Biagio Di Iorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Living With Hiv

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved life expectancy of infected subjects, generating a new epidemiological setting of people aging withHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). People living with HIV (PLWH), having longer life expectancy, now face several age-related conditions as well as side effects of long-term exposure of ART. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbidity in this population. CKD is a relentlessly progressive disease that may evolve toward end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and significantly affect quality of life and risk of death. Herein, we review current understanding of renal involvement in PLWH, mechanisms and risk factors for CKD as well as strategies for early recognition of renal dysfunction and best care of CKD.

scholarly journals NIA HEALTH DISPARITIES RESEARCH NETWORK: APPROACHES AND FINDINGS FROM GERIATRICS AND CLINICAL GERONTOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S13-S13
Author(s):  
Lyndon Joseph ◽  
CarlV Hill
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Reduce Life Expectancy

Abstract Health disparities are differences in the incidence, prevalence and burden of diseases, mortality rates and causes of death that exist among population groups. Health disparities are associated with a broad, complex, and interrelated array of factors that influence health, accelerate aging and reduce life expectancy. NIA’s health disparities research goals are to understand environmental and sociocultural factors and related behavioral and biological mechanisms that diminish health and reduce life expectancy for vulnerable populations, explore the biological mechanisms through which disparities influence age-related change, and identify where disparities emerge in diagnosis, prognosis or treatment in geriatric conditions. Presentations will focus on whether structural-level discrimination may be a key factor in potentiating well known race-related health disparities especially those with an accelerated onset and may be associated with MRI-indicators of subclinical brain pathology; identifying biomarkers for early detection of cognitive and functional decline in high risk subpopulations and how ethnicity influences cerebral spinal fluid and imaging biomarkers link to early identification of cognitive and functional impairment ; effects of medication management and deprescribing among African American and Hispanic older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias and multiple chronic conditions; examine the use of multi-level factors and technology to overcome the barriers to urban-rural health disparities in managing many chronic diseases such as hepatitis C virus infection and delivery of appropriate medical services; and understanding the racial and ethnic differences in the link between environmental exposures and auto-immune comorbid asthma.

scholarly journals The Effect of Kinesitherapy on Bone Mineral Density in Primary Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shanxi Wang ◽  
Shuzhen Li ◽  
Xing Xie ◽  
Juying Xie
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Primary Osteoporosis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Quality Evidence

Objective. Osteoporosis (OP) is a well-established age-related disease, pathologically characterized by bone microarchitectural deterioration, increased fragility, and low BMD. Primary osteoporosis (POP) is the most common type of OP. Methods. Publications pertaining to the effectiveness of kinesitherapy on BMD in POP from PubMed, SCI, Cochrane Library, Embase, VIP, CNKI, and Wanfang Database were retrieved from their inception to October 2019. Results. A total of 21 studies with 1840 participants were included. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that kinesitherapy plus antiosteoporosis medications had a positive effect on lumbar spine BMD when the duration of intervention was 6 months (MD = 0.11 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.06–0.15; P<0.0001) or >6 months (MD = 0.04 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.02–0.06; P<0.0001) compared with antiosteoporosis medications alone. Additional kinesitherapy plus antiosteoporosis medications were associated with improved femoral neck BMD compared with antiosteoporosis medications alone (MD = 0.09 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.03–0.16; P=0.004). Conclusions. Kinesitherapy plus antiosteoporosis medications significantly improved lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in the current low-quality evidence. Additional high-quality evidence is required to confirm the effect of kinesitherapy on BMD in patients with POP.

scholarly journals The Femoral Neck Mechanoresponse to Hip Extensors Exercise: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Martelli ◽  
Hossein Mokhtarzadeh ◽  
Peter Pivonka ◽  
Peter R. Ebeling
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Strain Pattern ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Trochanteric Region

Physical activity is recommended to prevent age-related bone loss. However, the proximal femur mechanoresponse is variable, possibly because of a muscle-dependant mechanoresponse. We compared the proximal femur response with the femoral strain pattern generated by the hip extensor muscles. A healthy participant underwent a six-month unilateral training of the hip extensor muscles using a resistance weight regularly adjusted to the 80% of the one-repetition maximum weight. DXA-based measurements of the areal Bone Mineral Density (aBMD) in the exercise leg were adjusted for changes in the control leg. The biomechanical stimulus for bone adaptation (BS) was calculated using published models of the musculoskeletal system and the average hip extension moment in elderly participants. Volumetric (ΔvBMD) and areal (ΔaBMD) BMD changes were calculated. The measured and calculated BMD changes consistently showed a positive and negative effect of exercise in the femoral neck (ΔaBMD = +0.7%; ΔvBMD = +0.8%) and the trochanter region (ΔaBMD = −4.1%; ΔvBMD = −0.5%), respectively. The 17% of the femoral neck exceeded the 75th percentile of the spatially heterogeneous BS distribution. Hip extensor exercises may be beneficial in the proximal femoral neck but not in the trochanteric region. DXA-based measurements may not capture significant aBMD local changes.

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