scholarly journals Chorion epithelioma and the biological response of Zondçk-fischheima to pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 910-918
Author(s):  
B. S. Tarlo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Response ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Biological Reaction

The study of the ovarian-endocrine system has entered a new stage since the discovery of a biological reaction, which makes it possible to judge the specificity and activity of the manufactured preparations of the endocrine glands.

scholarly journals Autophagy in the endocrine glands

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. R151-R163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Weckman ◽  
Antonio Di Ieva ◽  
Fabio Rotondo ◽  
Luis V Syro ◽  
Leon D Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Wide Range

Autophagy is an important cellular process involving the degradation of intracellular components. Its regulation is complex and while there are many methods available, there is currently no single effective way of detecting and monitoring autophagy. It has several cellular functions that are conserved throughout the body, as well as a variety of different physiological roles depending on the context of its occurrence in the body. Autophagy is also involved in the pathology of a wide range of diseases. Within the endocrine system, autophagy has both its traditional conserved functions and specific functions. In the endocrine glands, autophagy plays a critical role in controlling intracellular hormone levels. In peptide-secreting cells of glands such as the pituitary gland, crinophagy, a specific form of autophagy, targets the secretory granules to control the levels of stored hormone. In steroid-secreting cells of glands such as the testes and adrenal gland, autophagy targets the steroid-producing organelles. The dysregulation of autophagy in the endocrine glands leads to several different endocrine diseases such as diabetes and infertility. This review aims to clarify the known roles of autophagy in the physiology of the endocrine system, as well as in various endocrine diseases.

EFFECT OF INTENSIVE NERVOUS STIMULATION ON THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS AND ITS TARGET ORGANS

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-758
Author(s):  
A. Árvay ◽  
Á. Balogh ◽  
P. Ladányi ◽  
I. Takács ◽  
K. Benkö
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Nervous Stimulation ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Stressful Stimulation

ABSTRACT Female white rats were exposed to periodic, complex and intensive nervous stimulation for 9 months. The electron microscopic examination of the adenohypophysis, adrenal cortex, thyroid gland and ovaries provided ultrastructural evidences of markedly increased hormone producing activity as compared with the controls. These findings confirm the previous results of the authors regarding the effect of their specially designed intensive periodic stressful stimulation on the function of the endocrine system, i. e. an increase in the activity of all the endocrine glands examined (Árvay 1964, 1970).

scholarly journals To the thyroid syphilis clinic

1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1011-1016
Author(s):  
D. M. Rossiyskiy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Lymph Glands ◽  
Blood Disease

Syphilitic lesions of the endocrine glands are relatively common. Being a common blood disease, syphilis, affecting various organs and systems, should also affect the endocrine system, which is richly supplied with blood vessels; when infected with syphilis, some of the endocrine glands increase in volume and swell simultaneously with the lymph glands, and they often contain a large number of spirochetes.

scholarly journals Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome of adults: current ideas about predictors development of damage of a myocardium and diagnostics of components of a disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taras S. Panevin ◽  
Natalia V. Molashenko ◽  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
Elena N. Golovenko
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome ◽  
Endocrine Organs ◽  
Endocrine Insufficiency ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Instrumental Methods

The autoimmune polyglandular syndrome of adults (APS) is characterized by the damage of two and more endocrine glands leading more often to development of their hormonal insufficiency. The basis of most autoimmune endocrine diseases is lymphoid and macrophage infiltration of the target organ. Often in patients with one autoimmune disease, other components of the APS appear after a some time of latent period. Besides defeat organs of endocrine system which are including to the APS also not endocrine organs can be part of autoimmune defeat. Although defeat of cardiovascular system is not included in the structure of the APS, in some clinical cases development of damage of a myocardium in the absence of clinically shown damage of heart against the background of the combined autoimmune endocrine pathology is described. The saved-up clinical this development of damage of a myocardium on the background of autoimmune endocrine insufficiency and also laboratory and instrumental methods of diagnostics is presented in the review at this state. The most promising diagnostic methods for this condition are the determination of autoantibodies to myocardial components and magnetic resonance imaging of the heart. In clinical practice, it is possible to widely use the definition of antibodies to myocardium by indirect immunofluorescence, as well as using standardized immunoenzyme test systems.The saved-up clinical this development of damage of a myocardium on the background of autoimmune endocrine insufficiency and also laboratory and instrumental methods of diagnostics is presented in the review at this state.

Psoriasis and the endocrine system

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 942-943
Author(s):  
W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Glands

Abstracts. Venereology and Dermatology. Psoriasis and the endocrine system. W. Schmidt. (Derm. Ztschr.Bd. 57r H. 5) gives a picture dependence of pooriasisa on the endocrine glands; the data of roentgenograms obtained in the study of hypophys, data concerning the treatment of scaly lichen with extracts from the ovaries, thyroid gland, thymus and adrenal glands are given. The author examined 23 patients and found that the pituitary gland was normal in 9 persons, shields, gland in 3, thymus in 19, sexes, glands in 14, adrenal glands in 17, and the rest was marked by fluctuations in functions in one direction or another. ... Deviations from the norm are especially striking on the side of the thyroid gland and pituitary gland.

scholarly journals The Insulin and IGF-I Pathway in Endocrine Glands Carcinogenesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Malaguarnera ◽  
Alaide Morcavallo ◽  
Antonino Belfiore
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Molecular Abnormalities ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Tumor Prevention

Endocrine cancers are a heterogeneous group of diseases that may arise from endocrine cells in any gland of the endocrine system. These malignancies may show an aggressive behavior and resistance to the common anticancer therapies. The etiopathogenesis of these tumors remains mostly unknown. The normal embryological development and differentiation of several endocrine glands are regulated by specific pituitary tropins, which, in adult life, control the function and trophism of the endocrine gland. Pituitary tropins act in concert with peptide growth factors, including the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which are considered key regulators of cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. While pituitary TSH is regarded as tumor-promoting factor for metastatic thyroid cancer, the role of other pituitary hormones in endocrine cancers is uncertain. However, multiple molecular abnormalities of the IGF system frequently occur in endocrine cancers and may have a role in tumorigenesis as well as in tumor progression and resistance to therapies. Herein, we will review studies indicating a role of IGF system dysregulation in endocrine cancers and will discuss the possible implications of these findings for tumor prevention and treatment, with a major focus on cancers from the thyroid, adrenal, and ovary, which are the most extensively studied.

scholarly journals Stress Response Pathways in Dairy Cattle: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Md. Zakirul Islam ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan Khandakar ◽  
Md. Harun-ur Rashid ◽  
Mohammad Shohel Rana Siddiki
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
The Impact

Stress is an external event or condition that places a strain on a biological system. The animal response to stress involves the expenditure of energy to remove or reduce the impact of stress. This increases the maintenance requirements of the animal and results in loss of production. The biological response to stress is divided into acute and chronic phases, with the acute phase lasting hours to a few days, and the chronic phase lasting several days to weeks. The acute response is driven by homeostatic regulators of the nervous and endocrine systems and the chronic phase by homeorhetic regulators of the endocrine system. Both responses involve alterations in energy balance and metabolism. The thermal environment affects all animals and therefore represents the largest single stressor in animal production. Other types of stressors include housing conditions, overcrowding, social rank, disease, and toxic compounds. "Acclimation" to stress is a phenotypic response developed by the animal to an individual stressor within the environment. Acclimation is a homeorhetic process that takes several weeks to occur and occurs via homeorhetic, not homeostatic, mechanisms. It is a phenotypic change that disappears when the stress is removed. Milk yield and reproduction are extremely sensitive to stress because of the high energy and protein demands of lactation and the complexity of the reproductive process and multiple organs that are involved. Improvements in the protection of animals against stress require improved education of producers to recognize stress and methods for estimating the degree of stress on animals.

Coronaviruses and Endocrine System: a Systematic Review on Evidences and Shadows

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Parolin ◽  
Matteo Parisotto ◽  
Francesca Zanchetta ◽  
Paola Sartorato ◽  
Ernesto De Menis
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
System A ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Tract Infections

: Coronaviruses are a big family of viruses that can infect mammalians and birds. In humans they mainly cause respiratory tract infections, with a large spectrum of severity, from mild, self-limited infections to highly lethal forms as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Scanty data are reported for the involvement of endocrine glands by human coronaviruses, in particular SARS-CoV-2. In this review we summarize endocrinological involvement by human coronaviruses, including data on animal coronaviruses. Avians, ferrets and bovine are affected by specific coronavirus syndromes, with variable involvement of endocrine glands. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as target receptor, so ACE2 plays a central role for viral transmission and initial organ involvement. Autoptic studies on SARS patients revealed that thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary gland, endocrine pancreas and especially adrenals and testis can be impaired by different mechanisms (direct damage by SARS-CoV, inflammation, vascular derangement and autoimmune reactions) and few clinical studies have evidenced functional endocrine impairment. Only few data are available for COVID-19 and gonads and endocrine pancreas seem to be involved. International endocrinological societies have brought some recommendations for COVID-19 pandemic but further studies need to be performed, especially to detect long-term hormonal sequelae.

Endocrine control of smoltification in anadromous salmonids

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Barron
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Regulatory Ability ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Recent Attention ◽  
Endocrine Tissues

ABSTRACT The parr–smolt transformation (smoltification) of juvenile anadromous salmonids involves a morphological, physiological and behavioural metamorphosis of the fish from a freshwater-adapted form to a saltwater-adapted form. Several endocrine glands are activated during the period of smoltification, including pituitary, thyroid, and interrenal tissues. The pituitary-thyroid axis appears to be the endocrine system most directly involved in controlling smoltification. A plasma thyroid hormone surge occurs during smoltification which appears to influence various tissues and other endocrine systems, and to induce the well-documented developmental changes associated with smoltification. The pituitary-interrenal axis has been implicated in several smoltification-related events, including development of hypo-osmotic regulatory ability. A plasma cortisol surge closely follows the thyroid hormone surge during smoltification, but in contrast to anuran metamorphosis, the peaks do not coincide. Despite recent attention, the role of the corticosteroids in development of hypo-osmotic regulatory ability remains unclear. The other endocrine tissues of the salmonids appear to be acting trophically with the thyroid hormones, or to have little involvement in the control of smoltification. J. Endocr. (1986) 108, 313–319

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