scholarly journals Problems and prospects of studying hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the Republic of Tatarstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-785
Author(s):  
V A Boyko ◽  
T A Savitskaya ◽  
V A Trifonov ◽  
I V Serova ◽  
G Sh Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Research Institute

The paper presents the history of the study of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) at the Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology from the beginning of the 50s to the present. The accumulated information allows to draw up general conceptions about the main source of infection, the biological structure of natural foci of infection, nosoarea and the main clinical forms of the disease, the nature and seasonality of the disease, the sex and age composition of patients, and the types of natural foci of HFRS. The stages of improving the methods of laboratory diagnosis of HFRS, development of a specific immunoglobulin against the serum of the Puumala virus are described. A significant contribution to the study of HFRS was the landscape-epidemiological ranking of the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Middle Volga endemic for HFRS, with the identification of zones of special risk of human infection and the main factors that form them. At present, a reference center for monitoring HFRS has been created based on the Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, and the study of the properties of HFRS pathogens at the current molecular-genetic level continues.

scholarly journals Relationship between life of mate butterflies and leading selection characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 02028
Author(s):  
U. Khudayberdieva ◽  
S. Navruzov ◽  
N. Rajabov ◽  
O. Karimov ◽  
K.H. Fozilova
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Coefficient Of Variability ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Selection Work ◽  
Research Institute

This article examines the history of silkworm breeding, the role of silkworm breeding in the national economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the role of silkworm breeding in the development of the industry. This is because the interrelationship of traits of economic value is of great importance in selection and breeding work. The experiments were conducted in 2015-2017 at the Silk Research Institute of Uzbekistan. The life expectancy of the experimental butterflies was 10.9-12.8 days and the variability was 33.9-56.6%. The coefficient of variability indicates the degree of diversity in the population on this trait. Thus, it is clear from the results that the population of “Marvarid” and “Liniya 27” has the ability to carry out selection work on the sign of life expectancy of female butterflies.

Biological properties and molecular and genetic characteristics of plague microbe strains circulating in sandy natural plague foci of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Bacteriology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Z.Zh. Abdel ◽  
◽  
Т.V. Меkа-Меchеnkо ◽  
А.А. Аbdirasilova ◽  
R.S. Musagaliyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Parasitic System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Atypical Strains

Since 2010, an active course of epizootics with the release of the plague pathogen, isolated from hosts and vectors has been established in 8 autonomous foci of the plague from 14 autonomous foci of the Central Asian plague focus in Kazakhstan. It was necessary to take into account the parameters of variability of the main component of the parasitic system – the plague microbe in the process of certification of landscape and epizootological zoning of natural foci of plague in Kazakhstan. The aim of the work was to study the phenotypic and genetic properties of strains of the plague microbe isolated in natural sandy plague foci of Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. The work used 1196 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated over the past 10 years (2010–2019) from natural sandy plague foci, strain passports, literature sources, data on certification of plague foci in Kazakhstan. The study of the strains was carried out by bacteriological, serological and molecular genetic methods. Results. Certification and typification of the territories of sandy plague foci were carried out, taking into account the phenotypic and molecular-genetic properties of Y. pestis strains isolated from 12 autonomous foci of the Central Asian plague focus of Kazakhstan in 2010–2019. According to the results of the study, 84 atypical strains were identified. As a result of the analysis, 18 genotypes were identified among the studied strains, of which 13 (72.2%) were unique and did not repeat in the sample. The remaining 5 genotypes formed 5 clusters, combining 20 strains (60.6%) and all strains were phylogenetically assigned to representatives of the Mediaevalis biovar. Key words: plague microbe, plague foci, phenotypic features, molecular genetic features

scholarly journals HISTORY OF SCIENCE OF KARAKALPAKSTAN OF THE ХХ CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
Temirkhanov Baxtiyar
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Research Institute

The article is devoted to the history of the formation and development of science in Karakalpakstan. It is stated that in 1931 the Karakalpak Integrated Research Institute was established in Turtkul. In the pre-war period, this institute was reorganized several times, as a result of which difficulties arose in coordinating scientific and research work in Karakalpakstan. In 1947, it was transferred to the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. In 1959, the Karakalpak affiliate of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was organized on the basis of the Karakalpak Integrated Research Institute, which made it possible to coordinate and develop fundamental scientific research in the republic. The scientists focused on topical issues of the development of the economy and culture of the republic, in particular, the study of natural resources, material and spiritual culture of the Karakalpak people. The author claims that a new stage in the development of this scientific center begins in 1991, when the Karakalpak affiliate of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan receives the status of the Karakalpak branch. The author critically assesses the period of development of science in Karakalpakstan in the 1990s, while claiming that this scientific institution has risen to new stages of its development and certain achievements have been achieved. KEYWORDS. Science; history; scientific expeditions; Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute; reorganization; integrated institute; affiliate, branch; scientific research; department; prospects.

scholarly journals Activities of the All-Union Research Institute of Grain Farming in the Framework of Combating Soil Erosion in Virgin Regions of Kazakhstan (1960–1970)

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Arailym Mussagaliyeva ◽  
Roza Mussabekova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Research Institute

Introduction. The history of the contribution of Soviet scientists to the development of virgin and fallow lands in Kazakhstan is one of the relevant and new topics in the study of the history of the USSR in modern society. Methods and materials. Studying the history of a large agricultural project of the Soviet Union is necessary to develop new concepts in modern historical science. In Soviet and modern historiography, historians have studied virgin soil as a political and economic reform of the state. In this vein, the contribution of Soviet scientists who solved the issues of environmental and economic efficiency of this agrarian reform was not sufficiently represented. The works do not present the fight against land erosion, organized by the All-Union Research Institute of Grain Farming located in Northern Kazakhstan. Analysis. For scientific work and research of virgin lands, the opening of the AllUnion Scientific Research Institute of Grain Farming in Northern Kazakhstan was necessary. Famous agricultural scientists worked at the institute; they conducted their research in the fields of Tselinny Krai. Academician A.I. Baraev, breeder, academician V. Kuzmin were among them. They were engaged not only in scientific work, but also in a short time saved the virgin lands of Kazakhstan. Their direct scientific work was related to the fight against land erosion and the protection of soils from wind erosion. At the Institute, scientists created new soil tilling tools and seeders, improved a new farming system, and created new highly productive varieties of crops. The Institute defended dissertations on topics related to the fight against land erosion, and conducted many scientific projects. Results. The work with new sources of local archives of Kazakhstan makes it possible to talk about the enormous contribution of Soviet scientists in the development of virgin and long-fallow lands of the arid North Kazakhstan and the development of agriculture in this region. Their experience and scientific results were invaluable in the agricultural sector of the republic.

scholarly journals Facing of Family Doctor with Hantavirus Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1660-1664
Author(s):  
Valentina Risteska-Nejasmic ◽  
Daniela Ristikj-Stomnaroska ◽  
Golubinka Bosevska ◽  
Anna Papa ◽  
Snezhana Stojkovska
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Hantavirus Infection ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy

BACKGROUND: Hantavirus infection is manifested as an urgent, severe and life-threatening disease caused by Hantavirus. The virus affects human endothelial cells. The natural reservoir of the Hantaviruses is chronically infected rodents. Human infection is accidental. Occurs by intake of contaminated food or inhalation of contaminated secretion from infected rodents' excretions have an increased risk of contamination. The most affected persons are people who work in nature. The virus causes haemorrhages, fever and acute renal failure. The disease appears more frequently in endemic regions with the lethality of 6-15%. The disease can surprise doctors with severity, urgency and undefined clinical picture. Fast clinical evaluation, proper and urgent diagnosis and treatment can improve the safe life of these patients. CASE REPORT: We report a case of 45 -year-old male patient worked as a shepherd on mountain Babuna near the city of Veles in the Republic of Macedonia at the end of the summer in the year 2017, presented with prolonged hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The clinical presentation and lab findings support the diagnosis of Hantavirus infection with acute renal failure. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to raise the awareness of the family doctors for the hantavirus disease, especially in countries with sporadic cases, as in our country. It needs for prompt and timely diagnosis, timely hospitalisation and initiation of therapy.

scholarly journals Results of tick testing for detection of viruses of Karshi, Tamdy, Issyk-Kul fever, Syr Darya valley fever

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Talgat Nurmakhanov ◽  
◽  
Toktasyn Erubaev ◽  
Yerlan Sansyzbaev ◽  
Nurkeldy Turebekov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Syr Darya

In Kazakhstan natural foci of Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever is located on the territory of Turkestan, Kyzylorda and Zhambyl regions. Whereas preventive measures are taken, this disease is diagnosed annually among people, but there is a group of viruses such as Karshi, Tamdy, the Issyk-Kul fever virus and Syr Darya valley fever which are less known. In this regard the goal was set to identify the prevalence of viruses of Karshi, Tamdy, Issyk-Kul fever and fever of the Syr Darya valley in hemorrhagic fever endemic in the Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever to determine the main hosts and vectors of infection. Ticks captured in areas natural foci of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. The species composition of captured ticks was represented by 9 species: Hyalomma scupense, Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma turanicum, Hyalomma anatolicum, Haemaphysalis sucata, Haemaphysalis punctata, Dermacentor niveus, Rhipicephalus pumilio, Rhipicephalus schulzei. Preliminary work was carried out on the selection and design of oligonucleotide primers for the identification of viruses by molecular genetic analysis. As a result of the studies, positive samples were found for viruses of Tamdy and Syr Darya valley fever in ticks H. asiaticum, H. scupense from the Turkestan region. The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus was detected in H. asiaticum and H. scupense ticks from Zhambyl and Turkestan regions.

scholarly journals Epizootic Monitoring of Erysipeloid Foci in the Republic of Armenia, 2007-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mkrtchyan ◽  
Armine Ghazazyan ◽  
Ruben Danielyan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Animal Infection ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to characterize the epidmiological, geographic, and historical characteristics of erysipeloid outbreaks in the Republic of Armenia.IntroductionErysipeloid is a zoonotic bacterial infection transmitted to humans from animals. Symptoms include inflamed joints and skin; there is also a generalized type of the infection in which bacteria spread through the lymphatic and blood vessels, leading to the emergence of widespread skin lesions and the formation of secondary foci of infection in internal organs. Morbidity has no age or gender specifics; there is summer and autumn seasonality. The agent of the infection - Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae can be found in many domestic and wild animals. Wild rodents and ectoparasites play an essential role in spreading the disease and serve as a source of infection contaminating the environment.MethodsTests are conducted on both national and Marz levels in Reference Laboratory Center of NCDC SNCO and Marz branch laboratories of Especially Dangerous, Zoonotic and Natural Foci Infections respectively. Tests for detection of E. rhusiopathiae and confirmation of epizootics are conducted on rodents and ectoparasites collected from their hair and nests from 373 sectors of Armenia. Tests include smear microscopy and a bioassay in which cultures from a suspension of rodent organs or an emulsion of ticks and fleas are injected into white mice to assess the presence of agent in the organs or parasites.ResultsTen years of monitoring indicates that erysipeloid epizootics have been recorded annually in Armenia with a total number of 119 cases. The most outbreaks were recorded in 2011 when 26 cases were recorded while in 2009 there were 20. The lowest number of cases recorded was five in 2008. Kotayk, Aragatsotn and Lori Marzes have the least number of cases with only 1-3 recorded epizootics, while Vayk, Gegharkunik and Shirak Marzes are considered active foci with 5-7 cases reported. Microbiological analyses indicates that 80% of cultures were isolated from field mice, 13.3% from gamasid ticks, 4.2% from fleas and 2.5% from ixodid ticks.ConclusionsThe presence of E. rhusiopathiae is stable in Armenia. It is found among rodents, where the epidemiological situation remains unfavorable. Constant regular tests/analyses are required to prevent human and animal infection. There is a need to enhance the area of test sites and apply most up-to-date methods of analysis i.e. ELISA, PCR so that the live bioassays in mice can be halted. 

scholarly journals Results of investigation of ticks in Volga river delta (Astrakhan region, 2017) for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus, CCHFV) and other tick-borne arboviruses

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
E. V. Vakalova ◽  
A. M. Butenko ◽  
T. V. Vishnevskaya ◽  
T. E. Dorofeeva ◽  
A. K. Gitelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Volga River Delta ◽  
Natural Foci

Introduction. There are natural foci of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) that vectored by Hyalomma marginatum ticks in Volga river delta (Astrakhan region, South of Russia). The circulation of Dhori virus (DHOV) (Thogotovirus: Orthomyxoviridae) has been also shown here. We hypothesized that other tick-borne arboviruses are also likely to circulate in the region. In particular, Bhanja virus (Phlebovirus: Phenuiviridae), Wad Medani virus (Orbivirus: Reoviridae), and Tamdy virus (Orthonairovirus: Nairoviridae), which were found to circulate in neighboring regions and are vectored by Haemaphysalis spp., Dermacenter spp., and Hyalomma spp. ticks.Goals and objectives. The aim of the study was to examine ixodid ticks in Volga river delta for the presence of CCHFV, DHOV, Bhanja virus, Wad Medani virus, and Tamdy virus.Material and methods. Ticks were collected in Volga river delta in 2017. We used molecular genetic methods for the detection and analysis of nucleic acids (PCR, sequencing, phylogenetic analysis).Results. We detect CCHFV and DHOV RNA in H. marginatum ticks. The rate of infected H. marginatum ticks was 1.98% for CCHFV and 0.4% for DHOV. The results of genetic analysis showed that found DHOV strains are almost identical (99- 100% in the M gene) and forms a separate genetic lineage alongside of Batken virus from Central Asia. At the same time, Bhanja virus, Wad Medani virus, and Tamdy virus were not found in ticks, collected in this region.Conclusions. DHOV is circulating in the natural foci of CCHF in the Volga river delta. The ratio of infection of H. marginatum with CCHFV and DHOV was determined for the first time.

scholarly journals Cytokine, Chemokine, and Metalloprotease Activation in the Serum of Patients with Nephropathia Epidemica from the Republic of Tatarstan and the Republic of Mordovia, Russia

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Martynova ◽  
Yuriy Davidyuk ◽  
Emmanuel Kabwe ◽  
Ekaterina E. Garanina ◽  
Venera Shakirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Nephropathia Epidemica ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteases ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Leukocyte Chemotaxis ◽  
The Republic

Nephropathia Epidemica (NE), endemic to several Volga regions of Russia, including the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) and the Republic of Mordovia (RM), is a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by infection with rodent-borne orthohantaviruses. Although NE cases have been reported for decades, little is known about the hantavirus strains associated with human infection in these regions. There is also limited understanding of the pathogenesis of NE in the RT and the RM. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted comparative analyses of patients with NE in the RT and the RM. Clinical symptoms were more severe in patients with NE from the RM with longer observed duration of fever symptoms and hospitalization. Analysis of patient sera showed changes in the levels of numerous cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in patients with NE from both the RT and the RM, suggesting leukocyte activation, extracellular matrix degradation, and leukocyte chemotaxis. Interestingly, levels of several cytokines were distinctly different between patients NE from the RT when compared with those from the RM. These differences were not related to the genetic variation of orthohantaviruses circulating in those regions, as sequence analysis showed that Puumala virus (PUUV) was the causative agent of NE in these regions. Additionally, only the “Russia” (RUS) genetic lineage of PUUV was detected in the serum samples of patients with NE from both the RT and the RM. We therefore conclude that differences in serum cytokine, chemokine, and MMP levels between the RT and the RM are related to environmental factors and lifestyle differences that influence individual immune responses to orthohantavirus infection.

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