scholarly journals The volume of changes in the nerve cells of the intervertebral nodes in the active state

2020 ◽  
Vol V (4) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
V. Kovalevsky
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Active State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear Chromatin ◽  
Type Method ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Histological Picture ◽  
Aniline Dyes ◽  
Contradictory Data

The Nissl method showed that every nerve cell consists of two substances: the main one, which does not stain with this treatment, and the other, interspersed with the first, having a selective affinity for the main aniline dyes. The type, method of distribution in the nerve cell of this chromophilic substance is different depending on the nature of the group to which this nerve cell belongs. Most often, this substance is in the form of grains, differing in an extreme variety of size and shape. This new word in the study of the structure of the nerve cell gave, together with the darkness, a new basis for the study of the issue of changes in the nervous cells in the active state. Thanks to this, a number of studies by authors appeared, such as Hodge, Vas, Mann, Lambert, Lugaro, Levi, Valensa, Magini, whose purpose was to answer the question whether the nerve cells change during activity, and if they change, then what are these changes, which is, consequently, the histological picture of the process of excitation of the nerve cell. To regret, the data, which appeared to answer this question, disagree with each other. In fact, the size of the calm nerve cells, decreasing with irritation, according to Hodge, increases according to Vas and according to Lambert's opinion, they remain without changes. Chromophiles according to Vas and Lambert, moving into an irritated cell to the periphery, according to the opinion of the other authors, do not change their position. The amount of nuclear chromatin increasing along Vas decreases according to Mann. Also contradictory data and volume of changes in the size of the nucleus and nucleolus. Only one thing is that all researchers agree, this is that neither the size nor the number of chromophiles change during the appearance of irritation of the nerve cell. True, Mann says that during rest, various coloring substances accumulate in the cell, which are then consumed during activity, but this indication does not seem to refer to chromophiles, but to the chromatin of the nucleus.

Nucleoprotein in the Nerve Cells of Mental Patients: A Critical Remark

1949 ◽  
Vol 95 (398) ◽  
pp. 180-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meyer ◽  
M. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Remark ◽  
Apical Process ◽  
Brain Material ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Recent Monograph

Hydén and Hartelius in a recent monograph (1) described nerve cell abnormalities which they consider to be characteristic of mental disease. Their investigations were based on biopsies obtained during prefrontal leucotomy carried out in 11 psychotic patients, 10 of whom belonged to the schizophrenic group. The biopsies were investigated by means of the ultraviolet microscope and the results compared with brain material from normal patients fixed a few hours after death. Two types of abnormal nerve cells were found in the psychotic patients: one type is narrow and shrunken with corkscrew-shaped apical process and appears dark in the photographs in contrast to the other type which is swollen and appears light in the photographs. Both these cells lacked polynucleotides in their cell bodies and contained only a small amount of other protein substances, as shown by the ultraviolet absorption spectra.

A.F. De Mezer Posthumous changes in nerve cells, detected by staining according to Nissl. —University Izvestiya. 1900, August, No.8

1901 ◽  
Vol IX (1) ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
B. Vorotynsky
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The University

The work was carried out in the laboratory of the pathological anatomical institute of the University of St. Vladimira. First, the author describes the structure of the nerve cell, which is detected by staining by the Nissl method, and he separately stops at describing the structure of the processes, nucleus and nucleolus.

Toxæmia in the Etiology of Mental Disease. a Discussion opened

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (202) ◽  
pp. 434-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Clouston
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Association ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Do So

Dr. Clouston said that when he suggested toxæmia to the secretary as a suitable subject for a discussion at this meeting he had not intended to be the first speaker, because his object was to bring out more fully the views of the younger members who had recently committed themselves so strongly to the toxæmic and bacterial etiology of insanity, and so to get light thrown on some of the difficulties which he and others had felt in applying this theory to many of their cases in practice. It was not that he did not believe in the toxic theory as explaining the onset of many cases, or that he under-rated its importance, but that he could not see how it applied so universally or generally as some of the modern pathological school were now inclined to insist on. He knew that it was difficult for those of the older psychological and clinical school to approach the subject with that full knowledge of recent bacteriological and pathological doctrine which the younger men possessed, or to breathe that all-pervading pathological atmosphere which they seemed to inhale. He desired to conduct this discussion in an absolutely non-controversial and purely scientific spirit. To do so he thought it best to put his facts, objections, and difficulties in a series of propositions which could be answered and explained by the other side. He thought it important to define toxæmia, but should be willing to accept Dr. Ford Robertson's definition of toxines, viz., “Substances which are taken up by the (cortical nerve) cell and then disorder its metabolism.” He took the following extracts from his address at the Cheltenham meeting of the British Association (1) as representing Dr. Ford Robertson's views and the general trend of much investigation and hypothesis on the Continent.

scholarly journals The use of ceiling temperature and reactivation in the isolation of pox virus hybrids

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Dumbell ◽  
H. S. Bedson
Keyword(s):  
Active State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Parental Virus ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Ceiling Temperature ◽  
Temperature Heat

A simple method for the isolation of pox virus hybrids on the C.A.M. has been described. One parental virus was used as a heat-inactivated suspension. The other parent was used in the active state, but at a temperature higher than its ceiling temperature. Under these conditions the inactive parent was reactivated so that pocks resulted only from the cells infected with both parental viruses. Many of these pocks were unlike those of either parent. Such lesions were found to contain a high proportion of hybrids. In these experiments, alastrim was crossed with rabbit pox and variola major with cowpox.The term ‘heat-tethered’ has been used to describe virus whose intracellular cycle of development has been arrested by incubation at too high a temperature. Heat-tethered virus has interesting properties and two of these have been described. When the temperature is lowered, heat-tethered virus will start to grow again. Its reactivating potential has been mentioned above. A more detailed account of the properties of heat-tethered virus is being prepared.

Taxonomic review of Epicadinus Simon, 1895 (Araneae: Thomisidae) 

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4459 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ WANDERLEY DO PRADO ◽  
RENNER LUIZ CERQUEIRA BAPTISTA ◽  
MIGUEL MACHADO
Keyword(s):  
French Guiana ◽  
The Other ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Variable Size ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
The World ◽  
Senior Synonym

The genus Epicadinus Simon, 1895 can easily be distinguished from the other Neotropical Stephanopines by their abundant and robust setiferous tubercles, topped by elongated macrosetae, which cover most of the tegument. Additionally, the genus can be recognized by a pair of conical ocular mounds above the ALE, the anterior eye row very recurved, posterior one slightly procurved; carapace flattened and without tubercles, and opisthosoma with three conical projections (“tubercles”) of variable size and shape. This work is a taxonomic review of the 12 valid species of Epicadinus as listed in version 19 of the World Spider Catalogue (2018), whose hitherto known distribution included few records from Brazil, French Guiana, Bolivia and Peru, and only one from Mexico. Four valid species are recognized: Epicadinus biocellatus Mello-Leitão, 1929; E. trispinosus (Taczanowski, 1872) [with two junior synonyms E. trifidus (Pickard-Cambridge, 1893) syn. nov. and E. cornutus (Taczanowski, 1872) syn. nov.]; E. spinipes (Blackwall, 1862) [with two junior synonyms E. albimaculatus Mello-Leitão, 1929 syn. nov. and E. gavensis Soares, 1946 syn. nov]; and E. villosus [with two junior synonyms E. helenae Piza, 1936 syn. nov. and E. marmoratus Mello-Leitão, 1947 syn. nov.]. Epicadinus polyophthalmus Mello-Leitão, 1929 and Epicadinus tuberculatus Petrunkevitch, 1910 are transferred to Epicadus. Epicadus polyophthalmus (Mello-Leitão, 1929) comb. nov. is considered a nomen dubium. Epicadus tuberculatus (Petrunkevitch, 1910) comb. nov. is a senior synonym of Epicadus pustulosus (Mello-Leitão, 1929) syn. nov. 

Modeling the spatiotemporal intracellular calcium dynamics in nerve cell with strong memory effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardik Joshi ◽  
Brajesh Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Classical Case ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Calcium Dynamics ◽  
Intracellular Calcium Level ◽  
Calbindin D ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fractional Parameter

Abstract Calcium signaling in nerve cells is a crucial activity for the human brain to execute a diversity of its functions. An alteration in the signaling process leads to cell death. To date, several attempts registered to study the calcium distribution in nerve cells like neurons, astrocytes, etc. in the form of the integer-order model. In this paper, a fractional-order mathematical model to study the spatiotemporal profile of calcium in nerve cells is assembled and analyzed. The proposed model is solved by the finite element method for space derivative and finite difference method for time derivative. The classical case of the calcium dynamics model is recovered by setting the fractional parameter and that validates the model for classical sense. The numerical computations have systematically presented the impact of a fractional parameter on nerve cells. It is observed that calbindin-D28k provides a significant effect on the spatiotemporal variation of calcium profile due to the amalgamation of the memory of nerve cells. The presence of excess amounts of calbindin-D28k controls the intracellular calcium level and prevents the nerve cell from toxicity.

A GRAPH-BASED ALGORITHM FOR CLUSTER DETECTION

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 843-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
PASQUALE FOGGIA ◽  
GENNARO PERCANNELLA ◽  
CARLO SANSONE ◽  
MARIO VENTO
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cluster Detection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Computer Vision Applications

In some Computer Vision applications there is the need for grouping, in one or more clusters, only a part of the whole dataset. This happens, for example, when samples of interest for the application at hand are present together with several noisy samples. In this paper we present a graph-based algorithm for cluster detection that is particularly suited for detecting clusters of any size and shape, without the need of specifying either the actual number of clusters or the other parameters. The algorithm has been tested on data coming from two different computer vision applications. A comparison with other four state-of-the-art graph-based algorithms was also provided, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

scholarly journals On the effects of joining the cervical sympathetic nerve with the chorda tympani.

1904 ◽  
Vol 73 (488-496) ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
John Newport Langley ◽  
Hugh Kerr Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic Nerve

It is well known that the cervical sympathetic nerve and the chorda tympani have opposite actions upon the blood-vessels of the sub-maxillary gland, the former causing contraction of the vessels, and the latter, dilatation. Evidence has been given by one of us that the chorda tympani if united with the cervical sympathetic, can in time make connection with the nerve cells of the superior cervical ganglion and become in part vaso-constrictor fibres. Our experiments have been directed to determine whether the cervical sympathetic if allowed an opportunity of becoming connected with the peripheral nerve cells in the course of the chorda tympani will in part change their function from vaso-constrictor to vaso-dilator. Two experiments were made on anæsthetised cats, both give similar results, but one was much more conclusive on the point at issue than the other, and here we shall speak of that only. The superior cervical ganglion was excised and the central end of the cervical sympathetic nerve was joined to the peripheral end of the lingual, which contains the chorda tympani fibres. After allowing time for union and regeneration of the nerves, the cervical sympathetic was stimulated; it caused prompt flushing of the sub-maxillary glands, and the effect was repeatedly obtained.

Calcium Signals in Nerve Cells

Physiology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Kostyuk ◽  
AV Tepikin
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Calcium Signals ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Ca Ions

Increases in intracellular Ca ions follow each cycle of nerve cell activity. Sources of Ca are voltage- and receptor-operated membrane ion channels and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ca release from ER can be triggered by different second messengers, and uptake into the ER can terminate the Ca signal.

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