scholarly journals Psychophysical training in children and adolescents: analysis of 20 years of experience in pediatrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
N. N. Nezhkina ◽  
E. N. Kuzina ◽  
M. S. Yesayan ◽  
L. V. Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Training ◽  
Postural Disorders

This review analyzes the 20-year application of psychophysical training in pediatrics. The mechanisms of its positive influence on the functional state of the body in children and adolescents are revealed. The role of this health-strengthening technology in the process of pre-school training of graduates of kindergarten preparatory groups and in the adaptation of first-graders to school educational environment is highlighted. The effectiveness of psychophysical training in vegetative dystonia syndrome, postural disorders, arterial hypertension, overweight and tobacco smoking in children and adolescents is analyzed.

scholarly journals Model of social and pedagogical protection of sobriety

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
E.A. Kljushnikova
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Current Concept ◽  
Self Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Categorical Method

The article deals with approaches to the study of the problem of approval and preservation of sobriety. Issues of protection of sobriety of the younger generation are considered. Some reasons of inefficiency, the current “Concept of prevention of substance use in the educational environment” are analyzed. The mechanism for forming a program for self-management of alcohol and tobacco poisons is explained. The role of sobriety public organizations and public teachers - sobriety teachers in maintaining sobriety is emphasized. A model of a system of social and pedagogical protection of sobriety, built using the categorical method “Functional System Diagram”, is proposed. Conclusions are made about the social and pedagogical essence of the sobriety protection system. The author hopes that a number of the proposals made will be useful in improving the mechanism for protecting the sobriety of children and adolescents.

scholarly journals "You're fat and not normal!" From Body Image to Decision of Suicide

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Lailatul Fitriyah ◽  
Tristan Rokhmawan
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Counseling Psychology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese People ◽  
The Media ◽  
Conceptual Relationships ◽  
Normal Standard ◽  
Commit Suicide

Bullying has become a highlighted problem in recent years by observers (or researchers) about education, counseling, psychology, and the development of children and adolescents. One of the things that attracts attention is bullying with the theme of form and weight. Physical differences in the body, especially in obese people, are followed by stigma and negative justification. Internalization of stigma and justification leads to cases of oppression, in some cases, even suicide decisions. The author tries to find a network of theoretical and conceptual relationships between body image, diet, bullying, the role of the media, depression, to the decision to commit suicide from various sources and the results of previous studies. In the end, it seems that the habit of mocking and humiliating someone who is overweight, which we often face every day and is considered normal, can be a more serious problem. Being slim and fat is an option, but setting it as a normal standard can bring stereotypical havoc.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Role of Store-Operated and Receptor-Operated Ca2+ Channels in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby A. Fernandez ◽  
Premanand Sundivakkam ◽  
Kimberly A. Smith ◽  
Amy S. Zeifman ◽  
Abigail R. Drennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Pulmonary circulation is an important circulatory system in which the body brings in oxygen. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal disease that predominantly affects women. Sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction, excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling, in situ thrombosis, and increased pulmonary vascular stiffness are the major causes for the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in patients with PAH. The elevated PVR causes an increase in afterload in the right ventricle, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy, right heart failure, and eventually death. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of PAH is important for developing more effective therapeutic approach for the disease. An increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and an important stimulus for PASMC migration and proliferation which lead to pulmonary vascular wall thickening and remodeling. It is thus pertinent to define the pathogenic role of Ca2+ signaling in pulmonary vasoconstriction and PASMC proliferation to develop new therapies for PAH. [Ca2+]cyt in PASMC is increased by Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane and by Ca2+ release or mobilization from the intracellular stores, such as sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) or endoplasmic reticulum (ER). There are two Ca2+ entry pathways, voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC) and voltage-independent Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOC) and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels (ROC). This paper will focus on the potential role of VDCC, SOC, and ROC in the development and progression of sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.

An Investigation of Body Image in Athletes With Physical Disabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Galli ◽  
Justine J. Reel ◽  
Hester Henderson ◽  
Nicole Detling
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Body Esteem ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Personal Significance

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to explore the body image of athletes with physical disabilities, and (b) to understand how sport influences body image among these athletes. We interviewed 20 male and female athletes (Mage = 34.25, SD = 8.49) from a variety of sports regarding their body image and the role of sport in influencing body image. A thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was used to generate six themes: (a) personal significance of injury and disability, (b) noncentrality of the body and disability, (c) positive influence of sport on body esteem, (d) social factors influencing body-related emotions and perceptions, (e) body critiques and preferences, and (f) positive thoughts and emotions about the body. Sport seemed to be an important vehicle for experiencing body-related pride, and athletes expressed an intimate connection with the body parts that enabled them to physically compete.

scholarly journals How Should the Transition from Underwater to Surface Swimming Be Performed by Competitive Swimmers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Jelena Stosic ◽  
Santiago Veiga ◽  
Alfonso Trinidad ◽  
Enrique Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Body Position ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Butterfly Stroke

Despite the increasing importance of the underwater segment of start and turns in competition and its positive influence on the subsequent surface swimming, there is no evidence on how the transition from underwater to surface swimming should be performed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the role of segmental, kinematic and coordinative parameters on the swimming velocity during the pre-transition and transition phases. A total of 30 national male swimmers performed 4 × 25 m (one each stroke) from a push start at maximum velocity while recorded from a lateral view by two sequential cameras (50 Hz), and their kinematic and coordinative swimming parameters were calculated by means of two-dimensional direct linear transformation (DLT) algorithms. Unlike pre-transition, backward regression analysis of transition significantly predicted swimming velocity in all strokes except breaststroke (R2 ranging from 0.263 in front crawl to 0.364 in butterfly). The inter-limb coordination was a predictor in butterfly stroke (p = 0.006), whereas the body depth and inclination were predictors in the alternate strokes (front crawl (p = 0.05) and backstroke (p = 0.04)). These results suggest that the body position and coordinative swimming parameters (apart from kicking or stroking rate and length) have an important influence on the transition performance, which depends on the swimming strokes.

Phonological awareness and literacy skills in Korean: An examination of the unique role of body-coda units

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOUNG-SUK KIM
Keyword(s):  
First Graders ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
The Body ◽  
Syllable Type ◽  
Word Decoding ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Phonological Unit

This study examines a salient intrasyllabic phonological unit in Korean, the body-coda unit, its role in literacy skills in Korean, and a possible source of the salience of body-coda units in the spoken language. Data were collected from Korean-speaking, monolingual beginning readers (41 kindergarteners, 40 first graders). The results indicate that body-coda boundary (e.g.,ca-t) is more salient than onset–rime boundary (e.g.,c-at) for Korean children and show that children's body-coda awareness is an important predictor of word decoding and spelling in Korean. Furthermore, the analysis of phonological neighbors and frequency of syllable types suggests that a phonotactic feature in Korean, the frequency of consonant–verb syllable type, may be a possible source of the saliency of the body-coda intrasyllabic division for Korean children.

RENAL FUNCTION AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND OBESITY: THE ROLE OF LEPTIN AND ADIPONEKTIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Statsenko ◽  
M. V. Derevyanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

THE AIM:to evaluate the role of laboratory obesity markers in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the development of cardiovascular complications in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and obesity.PATIENTS AND METHODS. 120 patients with AH stage II-III aged  from 45 to 70 years with unachieved target blood pressure values  (BP) were divided into four comparable in sex, age, frequency of  smoking occurrence, hypertension duration, the level of office  systolic AD (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) groups  depending on the body mass index (BMI). We performed physical  examination, evaluated the renal function, laboratory markers of  obesity, analyzed the combined risk of CKD progression and the  development of cardiovascular complications.RESULTS.There was a significant increase in the level of proteinuria (PU) and albuminuria (AU) among the patients in groups 3 and 4  compared with group 1 (301.3 [138.1, 691.0] and 305.7 [139.4,  646.9] vs 101.3 [47.9, 116.9] mg/g; 91.0 [65.9, 273.5] and 119.2  [91.0, 291.2 vs 42.2 [41.3; 51.1] mg/g, respectively), as well as a  statistically significant decrease in the glomerular filtration rate  (GFR) in patients of groups 3 and 4 compared with patients in group 1 (63,53,73 and 61,22,71 vs 72 [ 64; 98] mL / min / 1.73 m2).  Serum leptin concentration increased from group 1 to group 4 (significant differences were found between groups 2,3,4 in  comparison with group 1 and between group 4 in comparison with group 2), while the concentration of adiponectin decreased from  group 1 to group 4 (the differences were significant between groups  2,3,4 in comparison with group 1). A statistically significant inverse  correlation between GFR and leptin concentration (r = -0.42), a direct correlation between the concentration of adiponectin and GFR (r = 0.36), the inverse relationship between the concentration of adiponectin and PU (r = -0.33), AU (r = -0.24) were found.CONCLUSION.The study showed a statistically significant  progressive deterioration in the renal function, as well as an increase in the combined risk of progression of CKD and the development of  cardiovascular complications in AH patients with an increase in  obesity with comparable values of office SAP and office DAP among  the studied groups. The revealed reliable correlation interrelations  between the parameters of renal function and obesity markers  testify to the important pathogenetic role of leptin and adiponectin in the development and progression of CKD in patients with AH and obesity.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

School Success and School Engagement of Immigrant Children and Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frosso Motti-Stefanidi ◽  
Ann S. Masten
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
School Success ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
The Individual

Academic achievement in immigrant children and adolescents is an indicator of current and future adaptive success. Since the future of immigrant youths is inextricably linked to that of the receiving society, the success of their trajectory through school becomes a high stakes issue both for the individual and society. The present article focuses on school success in immigrant children and adolescents, and the role of school engagement in accounting for individual and group differences in academic achievement from the perspective of a multilevel integrative model of immigrant youths’ adaptation ( Motti-Stefanidi, Berry, Chryssochoou, Sam, & Phinney, 2012 ). Drawing on this conceptual framework, school success is examined in developmental and acculturative context, taking into account multiple levels of analysis. Findings suggest that for both immigrant and nonimmigrant youths the relationship between school engagement and school success is bidirectional, each influencing over time the other. Evidence regarding potential moderating and mediating roles of school engagement for the academic success of immigrant youths also is evaluated.

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