scholarly journals Effect of galanin on severity of tremor in Parkinson's disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
N. V. Selyanina ◽  
O. V. Khegai ◽  
Yu. V. Karakulova
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parkinsonian Tremor ◽  
Quantitative Content

Objective. To study the effect of galanin on the severity of tremor in Parkinson's disease. Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 73 patients with Parkinson's disease and 16 apparently healthy individuals (control group) was carried out. We used the clinical-anamnestic method, the Hen-Yar scale of movement disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD), the MDS-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Serum galanin content was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Serum galanin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using an ELISA Kit for Galanin (USA). Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program. Results. Tremor is one of the main complaints of PD patients. In the main group, the average severity of the disease, subjective and objective manifestations of movement disorders were determined. In patients with PD, a decrease in the quantitative content of blood serum galanin (6.0 [4.3; 10.2] ng / ml) was determined in comparison with the control group (16.9 [9.8; 18.1] ng/ml, p = 0.001). A negative correlation dependence of the galanin content with motor manifestations was revealed in the first (R = 0.8; p = 0, 0001) and second (R = 0.53; p = 0.000002) parts of the MDS-UPDRS, as well as with the severity of resting tremor in the hand (R = 0.81; p = 0.000000) and leg (R = 0.76; p = 0.000001). The dependence of serum galanin on the form of the disease was not obtained in the study. Conclusions. In Parkinson's disease, there is a decrease in the quantitative content of the neuropeptide galanin in the blood serum, which is negatively associated with motor manifestations of the disease and is associated with the severity of parkinsonian tremor.

scholarly journals Donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoungwon Baik ◽  
Seon Myeong Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Jung ◽  
Yang Hyun Lee ◽  
Seok Jong Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractWe investigated the efficacy of donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI). This was a prospective, non-randomized, open-label, two-arm study. Eighty PD-MCI patients were assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received donepezil for 48 weeks. The primary outcome measures were the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Secondary outcome measures were the Clinical Dementia Rating, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III, Clinical Global Impression scores. Progression of dementia was assessed at 48-week. Comprehensive neuropsychological tests and electroencephalography (EEG) were performed at baseline and after 48 weeks. The spectral power ratio of the theta to beta2 band (TB2R) in the electroencephalogram was analyzed. There was no significant difference in the primary and secondary outcome measures between the two groups. However, the treatment group showed a significant decrease in TB2R at bilateral frontotemporoparietal channels compared to the control group. Although we could not demonstrate improvements in the cognitive functions, donepezil treatment had a modulatory effect on the EEG in PD-MCI patients. EEG might be a sensitive biomarker for detecting changes in PD-MCI after donepezil treatment.

Gamma knife radiosurgery as a lesioning technique in movement disorder surgery

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. E13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Young ◽  
Anne Shumway-Cook ◽  
Sandra S. Vermeulen ◽  
Peter Grimm ◽  
John Blasko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Maximum Deviation

Fifty-five patients underwent radiosurgical placement of lesions either in the thalamus (27 patients) or globus pallidus (28 patients) for treatment of movement disorders. Patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively by a team of observers skilled in the assessment of gait and movement disorders who were blinded to the procedure performed. They were not associated with the surgical team and concomitantly and blindly also assessed a group of 11 control patients with Parkinson's disease who did not undergo any surgical procedures. All stereotactic lesions were made with the Leksell gamma unit using the 4-mm secondary collimator helmet and a single isocenter with dose maximums from 120 to 160 Gy. Clinical follow-up evaluation indicated that 88% of patients who underwent thalamotomy became tremor free or nearly tremor free. Statistically significant improvements in performance were noted in the independent assessments of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores in the patients undergoing thalamotomy. Eighty-five and seven-tenths percent of patients undergoing pallidotomy who had exhibited levodopa-induced dyskinesias had total or near-total relief of that symptom. Clinical assessment indicated improvement of bradykinesia and rigidity in 64.3% of patients who underwent pallidotomy. Independent blinded assessments did not reveal statistically significant improvements in Hoehn and Yahr scores or UPDRS scores. On the other hand, 64.7% of patients showed improvements in subscores of the UPDRS, including activities of daily living (58%), total contralateral score (58%), and contralateral motor scores (47%). Ipsilateral total UPDRS and ipsilateral motor scores were both improved in 59% of patients. One (1.8%) of 55 patients experienced a homonymous hemianopsia 9 months after pallidotomy due to an unexpectedly large lesion. No other complications of any kind were seen. Follow-up neuroimaging confirmed correct lesion location in all patients, with a mean maximum deviation from the planned target of 1 mm in the vertical axis. Measurements of lesions at regular interals on postoperative magnetic resonance images demonstrated considerable variability in lesion volumes. The safety and efficacy of functional lesions made with the gamma knife appear to be similar to those made with the assistance of electrophysiological guidance with open functional stereotactic procedures. Functional lesions may be made safely and accurately using gamma knife radiosurgical techniques. The efficacy is equivalent to that reported for open techniques that use radiofrequency lesioning methods with electrophysiological guidance. Complications are very infrequent with the radiosurgical method. The use of functional radiosurgical lesioning to treat movement disorders is particularly attractive in older patients and those with major systemic diseases or coagulopathies; its use in the general movement disorder population seems reasonable as well.

Stereopsis Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease and Their Clinical Implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Ba ◽  
Tina T. Sang ◽  
Jaleh Fatehi ◽  
Wenjing He ◽  
Emanuel Mostofi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Stereo Acuity

Abstract Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is not exclusively a motor disorder. Among non-motor features, PD patients possess sensory visual dysfunctions. Stereopsis deficit can significantly impact patients' motor performance. However, it is not routinely tested, and its significance is under-investigated. Studying stereopsis using reliable 3D stimuli may help determine its implications in disease status in PD.The objective of the study is to investigate stereopsis abnormalities in PD with reliable and more physiological tools, and their correlation with indicators of PD severity. Methods: Twenty-four healthy control and 20 PD participants were first evaluated for visual acuity, visual field, contrast acuity, and stereoperception with 2D and Titmus stereotests, followed by the assessment with the 3D active shutter system. The correlation between stereopsis and disease severity, Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale motor scores (UPDRS-III), levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), course of disease and cognitive status were evaluated using univariate regression models. Results: Screening visual tests did not reveal any differences between PD and control group. With the 3D active shutter system, PD patients demonstrated significantly worse stereopsis (i.e p=0.002, 26 seconds of arc). There was a trend that UPDRS-III and LEDD negatively correlate with the stereo acuity, suggesting poorer stereoperception is related to disease severity. Preserved cognitive function correlated with more intact stereo acuity. Conclusion: With more reliable and physiological tools, PD patients exhibit poorer stereopsis. These deficits reflected PD motor and cognitive status. How stereopsis relates to gait, fall risks and navigation warrants more investigations in the future.

scholarly journals Visuospatial cognitive tests for the evaluation of patients with Parkinson's disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Ceres Silva Pena ◽  
Emmanuelle Silva Tavares Sobreira ◽  
Carolina Pinto Souza ◽  
Guiomar Nascimento Oliveira ◽  
Vitor Tumas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Drawing Task ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Visuospatial Functions ◽  
Visual Organization

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by motor disturbances, neuropsychological symptoms and cognitive changes, including cases of dementia. The most frequently described cognitive changes in these patients involve executive and visuospatial functions, which are very important for the execution of daily life activities. Objective: To compare different tests used to examine visuospatial functions in patients with PD. Methods: Thirty-five patients (21 women) with PD symptoms (medicated and "on") and mean schooling of 5.5±4.2 years were examined using the following tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), Scales of Outcomes of Parkinson's Disease (SCOPA-COG), Hooper Visual Organization Test (HVOT), Judgment of Line Orientation, Form V (JLO), and Clock drawing task - CLOX (1 and 2). Results: The mean MMSE score was 24.8±3.03 and 54.8% of the patients performed correctly in the copy of a pentagon drawing, with a medium-level performance in most tests. Good correlations were detected between JLO versus SCOPA Assembling patterns (0.67), JLO versus HVOT (0.56), JLO versus CLOX2 (0.64), SCOPA Figure Composition versus HVOT (0.54), CLOX1 versus CLOX2 (0.43), and DRS Construction versus CLOX2 (0.42). Discussion: Although correlations were detected, not all were strong, probably because the tests employed do not measure solely visuospatial functions, but also other skills such as attention, motor ability and executive functions. A limitation of the present study was the lack of a control group for the establishment of adequate standards for this population.

Apathy in patients with Parkinson’s disease following deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Hindle Fisher ◽  
Hardev S. Pall ◽  
Rosalind D. Mitchell ◽  
Jamilla Kausar ◽  
Andrea E. Cavanna
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stn Dbs ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

ObjectiveApathy has been reported as a possible adverse effect of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS). We investigated the prevalence and severity of apathy in 22 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who underwent STN-DBS, as well as the effects of apathy on quality of life (QOL).MethodsAll patients were assessed with the Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS), the Apathy Scale (AS), and the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire and were compared to a control group of 38 patients on pharmacotherapy alone.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the prevalence or severity of apathy between patients who had undergone STN-DBS and those on pharmacotherapy alone. Significant correlations were observed between poorer QOL and degree of apathy, as measured by the LARS (p<0.001) and the AS (p=0.021). PD-related disability also correlated with both apathy ratings (p<0.001 and p=0.017, respectively).ConclusionOur findings suggest that STN-DBS is not necessarily associated with apathy in the PD population; however, more severe apathy appears to be associated with a higher level of disability due to PD and worse QOL, but no other clinico-demographic characteristics.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota in Parkinson’s disease patients: hospital-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman M. Khedr ◽  
Anwar M. Ali ◽  
Enas Deaf ◽  
Hebatallah M. Hassan ◽  
Ahmed Alaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dominant Type

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. There is accumulating evidence that link gut microbiota to symptomatology and pathophysiology of PD. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of gut microbiota and its association with PD and identify the effect of environmental factors on gut microbiota. This case–control study included 46 patients diagnosed as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and 31 healthy volunteers age and sex matched. Detailed history including age of onset, duration of disease, environmental risk factors, diet data, treatment, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) domain of Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) were assessed. After extraction of bacterial DNA from the fecal samples, bacterial abundance was quantified by qPCR using 16S rRNA group-specific primers. Results Significant high abundance of Clostridium cluster IV, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and lactic acid bacteria were found in the PD group compared with the control group (P < 0.001, 0.04, 0.02 and < 0.001, respectively), while Firmicutes were significantly less abundant in the PD group (P < 0.001) compared with the control group. The naive PD patients had significant abundance of Bifidobacterium, and lactic acid compared with control group. Interestingly, Akkermansia was more abundant in treated than untreated patients. There were significant associations between pesticide exposure and Bifidobacterium (P = 0.002), while no significant correlations between different gut microbiota and demographic, environment data, different rating scores or dominant type of PD. There was a significant negative correlation between the Bifidobacterium with the duration of illness (P = 0.012). Conclusion The present study highlighted a significant connection between PD and levels of certain types of gut microbiota, in support of a possible link between gut microbiota and a neurodegenerative cascade of PD.

Information Content and Efficiency in the Spoken Discourse of Individuals With Parkinson's Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2259-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Roberts ◽  
Danielle Post
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Global Cognition

Purpose This study compared the information content and information efficiency of spoken language in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) to a healthy comparator group. Method Nineteen participants with PD and 19 healthy older adults completed the prospective, cross-sectional study. In the primary analysis, 2 language samples elicited by standardized protocols were analyzed for group differences using standard discourse informativeness measures including main events (MEs; Wright, Capilouto, Wagovich, Cranfill, & Davis, 2005) analyzed as %MEs and correct information units (CIUs; Nicholas & Brookshire, 1993) analyzed as %CIUs and CIUs/min. In exploratory analyses, the following were examined: (a) associations among conceptual (%MEs) and lexical (%CIUs and CIUs/min) measures and (b) associations among informativeness measures and age, education, disease severity/duration, global cognition, speech intelligibility, and a verb confrontation naming measure. Results In the primary analysis, the PD group differed significantly from the control group on conceptual (%MEs) and lexical measures of content (%CIUs) and efficiency (CIUs/min). In exploratory analyses, for the control group %MEs were significantly correlated with CIUs/min. Significant associations among conceptual and lexical measures of informativeness were not found in the PD group. For controls, there were no significant correlations between informativeness measures and any of the demographic or speech/cognitive/language variables. In the PD group, there was a significant and positive association between CIUs/min and Dementia Rating Scale–Second Edition scores (Mattis, 2001). A significant but negative correlation was found between CIUs/min and motor severity scores. However, %MEs and verb naming were significantly and positively correlated. Conclusions Individuals with PD without dementia demonstrated reduced discourse informativeness that reflects disruptions to both conceptual and lexical discourse processes. In exploratory analyses, reduced efficiency of information content was associated with global cognition and motor severity. Clinical and research implications are discussed within a Cognitivist framework of discourse production (Sheratt, 2007).

scholarly journals Therapeutic effect of TO901317 on 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson rats in vitro and in vivo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Li ◽  
Junqing Yang ◽  
Oumei Cheng ◽  
Zhe Peng ◽  
Yin Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 8

Abstract Background: Stem cells from different sources could differentiate into dopamine-producing cells and ameliorate behavioral deficits in Parkinsonian models. Especially, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) have many advantages without ethical dispute. Liver X receptor s (LXRs) are involved in the maintenance of the normal function of the central nervous system myelin. We have reported the induction of cocktail-induced da phenotypes from adult rat BMSCs by using sonic hedgehog (SHH), fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and TO901317 (agonist of LXRs) with 87.42% of efficiency in 6 days of period of induction. But the previous work did not verify whether the induced cells had the corresponding neural function. Methods: In this study, we demonstrated that TO901317 could promote the differentiation of hBMSCs into dopaminergic neurons. Neuronal markers (Tuj1, Neun and Nestin), dopamine neuron markers (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH), LXRa and LXRb were detected by immunofluorescence. RT-qPCR was used to measure the mRNA expressions of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Western Blotting detected the changes of LXRa, LXRb and TH expression. Results: TO901317 significantly enhanced the differentiation from hBMSCs to DA neurons. Only the LXR+GF group released dopamine by the result of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the control group and GF group, the optimal time for differentiation of hBMSCs treated by 0.5mM TO901317 combined with GF was six days. And the maximum induction efficiency was 91.67%. After transplanting induced-cells into Parkinson's disease rats, the symptoms of Parkinson's rats decreased, and the number of dopamine neurons increased in the substantia nigra and striatum. Conclusions: TO901317 promoted differentiation of hBMSCs into dopamine neurons may be related to activation of LXR-ABCA1 signaling pathway. These data suggest that TO901317 may serve as a potential therapeutic methods for Parkinson's disease.

scholarly journals Corneal nerve fiber loss relates to cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning-Ning Che ◽  
Qiu-Huan Jiang ◽  
Guan-Xiao Ding ◽  
Si-Yuan Chen ◽  
Zhen-Xiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corneal Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Corneal Nerve

AbstractCognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD) adversely influences quality of life. There is currently no available biomarker to predict cognitive decline in PD. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) has been used as a non-invasive tool for quantifying small nerve damage in PD. The present study investigated whether corneal nerve measures were associated with cognitive function in PD. Patients with PD were classified into those with normal cognitive function (PD-CN), mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), and dementia (PDD). Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) were quantified with CCM and compared with a control group. Sixty-five PD patients and thirty controls were studied. CNFD was decreased and CNBD was increased in PD patients compared to controls (P < 0.05). CNBD and CNBD/CNFD ratio was higher in PD-CN compared to controls. CNFD was positively correlated with the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score (r = 0.683, P < 0.001), but negatively associated with unified Parkinson disease rating scale (UPDRS)-part III (r = −0.481, P < 0.001) and total UPDRS scores (r = −0.401, P = 0.001) in PD patients. There was no correlation between CNFD and Levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) (r = 0.176, P = 0.161). CNFD, CNBD, CNFL, and CNBD/CNFD ratio was lower with increasing Hoehn and Yahr stage. PD patients show evidence of corneal nerve loss compared with controls and corneal nerve parameters are associated with the severity of cognitive and motor dysfunction in PD. CCM could serve as an objective in vivo ophthalmic imaging technique to assess neurodegeneration in PD.

Tremor in Parkinson’s disease and serotonergic dysfunction

Neurology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Doder ◽  
E. A. Rabiner ◽  
N. Turjanski ◽  
A. J. Lees ◽  
D. J. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Reference Tissue ◽  
Parkinsonian Tremor ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Way 100635

Background: The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying parkinsonian tremor remain unclear. The response to dopaminergic treatment is variable and nondopaminergic mechanisms may play a role in tremor generation. Midbrain raphe 5-HT1A binding provides a functional measure of serotonergic system integrity. With PET, the aim of this study was to examine regional cerebral 11C-WAY 100635 binding to 5-HT1A receptors in patients with PD and to correlate it with severity of tremor.Methods:11C-WAY 100635 PET was performed on 23 patients with PD and eight age-matched healthy volunteers. Brain 5-HT1A receptor binding was computed using compartmental modeling with a cerebellar reference tissue input function.Results: The authors found mean 27% reduction in the midbrain raphe 5-HT1A binding potential in patients with PD compared to healthy volunteers (p < 0.001). They also showed that Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale composite tremor scores, but not rigidity or bradykinesia, correlate with 5-HT1A binding in the raphe (p < 0.01).Conclusions: These findings support previous indirect evidence that serotonergic neurotransmission is decreased in PD in vivo. The authors hypothesize that the reduction in raphe 5-HT1A binding represents receptor dysfunction or loss of cell bodies due to Lewy body degeneration in PD, or both. An association between 5-HT1A receptor availability in the raphe and severity of parkinsonian tremor was also found.

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