scholarly journals Geriatric medicine: achievements and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Elena V. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
Geriatric Cardiology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Assessment Geriatric

The article is a lecture on the history of development and the current state of geriatric medicine. The purpose of the lecture is to consider the stages of the formation of geriatrics as a scientific and clinical discipline and to substantiate its significance. The lecture defines concepts such as holistic approach, complex geriatric assessment, geriatric syndrome. The role of the founders of international and domestic geriatrics, such as M. Warren, B. Isaac, D. Sheldon, I.I. Mechnikov, V.N. Anisimov, E.S. Pushkova, is described. Various directions of geriatric medicine are considered and the necessity of their study is justified. The results of scientific research in geriatrics are analyzed. The basic principles of the ortho-geriatric approach, which becomes crucial for the successful treatment of elderly patients with fractures, as well as the features of geriatric rehabilitation, geriatric cardiology, are described. In conclusion, the author offers several models for the development of geriatric medicine.

Cartographic production in Russia: main stages and trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 963 (9) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Order ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Further Development

Studying the current state of cartography and ways of further developing the industry, the role of the map in the future of the society, new methods of promoting cartographic products is impossible without a deep scientific analyzing all the paths, events and factors influencing its formation and development throughout all the historic steps of cartographic production in Russia. In the article, the history of cartographic production in Russia is considered together with the development of private, state and military cartography, since, despite some differences, they have a common technical, technological and production basis. The author describes the stages of originating, formation and growth of industrial cartographic production from the beginning of the XVIII century until now. The connection between the change of political formations and technological structures with the mentioned stages of maps and atlases production is considered. Each stage is studied in detail, a step-by-step analysis was carried out, and the characteristics of each stage are described. All the events and facts are given in chronological order, highlighting especially significant moments influencing the evolution of cartographic production. The data on the volumes of printing and sales of atlases and maps by commercial and state enterprises are presented. The main trends and lines of further development of cartographic production in Russia are studied.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Harris
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New York City ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
George Balanchine ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lincoln Center

The Conclusion briefly examines the current state of the New York City Ballet under the auspices of industrial billionaire David H. Koch at Lincoln Center. In so doing, it to introduces a series of questions, warranting still more exploration, about the rapid and profound evolution of the structure, funding, and role of the arts in America through the course of the twentieth century. It revisits the historiographical problem that drives Making Ballet American: the narrative that George Balanchine was the sole creative genius who finally created an “American” ballet. In contrast to that hagiography, the Conclusion reiterates the book’s major contribution: illuminating the historical construction of our received idea of American neoclassical ballet within a specific set of social, political, and cultural circumstances. The Conclusion stresses that the history of American neoclassicism must be seen as a complex narrative involving several authors and discourses and crossing national and disciplinary borders: a history in which Balanchine was not the driving force, but rather the outcome.

scholarly journals The Struggle Against Torture: Challenges, Assumptions and New Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-333
Author(s):  
Tobias Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Abstract This short essay offers a broad and necessarily incomplete review of the current state of the human rights struggle against torture and ill-treatment. It sketches four widespread assumptions in that struggle: 1) that torture is an issue of detention and interrogation; 2) that political or security detainees are archetypal victims of torture; 3) that legal reform is one of the best ways to fight torture; and 4) that human rights monitoring helps to stamp out violence. These four assumptions have all played an important role in the history of the human rights fight against torture, but also resulted in limitations in terms of the interventions that are used, the forms of violence that human rights practitioners respond to, and the types of survivors they seek to protect. Taken together, these four assumptions have created challenges for the human rights community in confronting the multiple forms of torture rooted in the deep and widespread inequality experienced by many poor and marginalized groups. The essay ends by pointing to some emerging themes in the fight against torture, such as a focus on inequality, extra-custodial violence, and the role of corruption.

FEDERAL LEGISLATION ON LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT: HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT, CURRENT STATE AND PROBLEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Madinat Yunuskadievna Jamaludinova ◽  
Raisat Nabievna Sadrudinova ◽  
Marina Rasulovna Minatullaeva
Keyword(s):  
Federal Legislation ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Latin America through the vision of environmental geopolitics. A little about the history of the issue

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-236
Author(s):  
Shinkarenko Alexander ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Environmental Discourses ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

In this article, the author touches upon the formation of ecological geopolitics and the role of Latin America in it. The socio-political processes that are currently taking place in the region focus on environmental problems, as well as the possibility of reducing the intensity of extractivistic initiatives. The relevance of the environmental discourses and the costs generated with the rental model of the economy, is characteristic not only of Latin America, but also other regions of the world. Nevertheless, it is here we can observe the active work of antiextractive movements to form a contemporary environmental agenda and search for models that are alternative to the current state of the world.

scholarly journals The role of the emotions of guilt and shame in methodology of research on social emotions

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Alexandra Shiller
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methodology Of Science

This article is dedicated to examination of the role of guilt and shame, namely to prevalence one of these emotions in a particular culture as the leading mechanism of social control. The prevalence of guilt or shame as a cultural “dimension” has become one of the first criteria for the division of cultures into Western and Eastern, and was used by the researchers as a basic postulate for cross-cultural r. Over time, the perception of emotions as the criterion for the division of cultures has been revised. The article traces the history of research on emotions in general, namely the emotions of guilt and shame as social emotions, as well as describes guilt and shame as collective and individual experiences. Analysis is conducted on the role of guilt and shame in methodology of research on social emotions, cross-cultural studies. The author outlines certain methodological problems and contradictions, and assesses the current state of scientific research dedicated to social emotions. The conclusion is made that the research on collective sense of guilt and shame is more advanced from the perspective of cross-cultural psychology and philosophy, as well as the overall methodology of science; it allows shifting from the study of the role of individual emotions in interpersonal (conditioned by collective ties), intergroup and intragroup communication towards the integrated study of emotions associated with interaction of the individual and society, i.e. social experiences.

scholarly journals Developing a Chronology Integrating Archaeological and Environmental Data from Different Contexts: The Late Holocene Sequence of Ounjougou (Mali)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Ozainne ◽  
Laurent Lespez ◽  
Yann Le Drezen ◽  
Barbara Eichhorn ◽  
Katharina Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anthropogenic Fires ◽  
Holocene Stratigraphy ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
A Site

At Ounjougou, a site complex situated in the Yamé River valley on the Bandiagara Plateau (Dogon country, Mali), multidisciplinary research has revealed a rich archaeological and paleoenvironmental sequence used to reconstruct the history of human-environment interactions, especially during the Late Holocene (3500–300 cal BC). Geomorphological, archaeological, and archaeobotanical data coming from different sites and contexts were combined in order to elaborate a chronocultural and environmental model for this period. Bayesian analysis of 54 14C dates included within the general Late Holocene stratigraphy of Ounjougou provides better accuracy for limits of the main chronological units, as well as for some particularly important events, like the onset of agriculture in the region. The scenario that can be proposed in the current state of research shows an increasing role of anthropogenic fires from the 3rd millennium cal BC onwards, and the appearance of food production during the 2nd millennium cal BC, coupled with a distinctive cultural break. The Late Holocene sequence ends around 300 cal BC with an important sedimentary hiatus that lasts until the end of the 4th century cal AD.

History of development and current state of hydrodynamic rotary mixers

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Nikolaev ◽  
S. P. Ivanov ◽  
E. V. Boev ◽  
V. G. Afanasenko ◽  
N. S. Shulaev
Keyword(s):  
History Of Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of

PIG, TONE SANDHI AND WUMIN

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-182
Author(s):  
William L. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Tone Sandhi ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Dialects ◽  
Historical Relationship

Several scholars have made various remarks about the language history of the Wu and Min areas. Some of these remarks concern non-Chinese languages that may have been spoken in the area(s) and that may have left some traces in the forms of Chinese spoken there now (substrata). Other remarks concern the possible prehistory of what appear now to be transitional or mixed forms, or features that may be present due to some ancient influence or borrowing. In considering such matters it is important to keep in mind the basic principles (and biases) of historical linguistics, and of the potential role of philological materials in the discussion. My fieldwork in China this spring, as well as my research in the past, point to some special historical relationship between southern Wu and northern Min. This appears to mean that the boundaries between the northern and southern types of each of the two dialect groups are stronger than they have been portrayed in the past, and that the traditional boundary between Wu and Min is considerably weaker than has been supposed. The total sum of dialect facts cannot be ignored in trying to ascertain the language history of this area; it would appear that various elements of the traditional view of the history of the southern dialects are in error in various ways. In particular, it is at least possible that Wu and Min, in some sense, share a common ancestor not common to any other Chinese dialects.

scholarly journals On the 125th anniversary of the discovery of radioactivity: history of development and current state of regulation of the provision of the radiation safety of the public

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
G. G. Onischenko ◽  
I. K. Romanovich ◽  
O. A. Istorik ◽  
A. V. Vodovatov ◽  
A. M. Biblin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Federal State ◽  
X Rays ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
125Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Radiobiological Effects ◽  
High Level

This paper is focused on the history of development and current state of regulation of the provision of radiation safety of the public. It includes data on the history of discovery of the X-rays, radioactivity and development of the atomic industry in the USSR and in the world as well as the issues of evaluation of the radiobiological effects of the ionizing radiation on the human and history of the development of regulations. It is indicated, that the principles of the radiation safety, norms and approaches to the provision of the radiation protection presented in the Federal state Law № 3-FZ “On the radiation safety of the public” and NRB 99/2009 fully comply with the ICRP Publication 60 (1990) and International Basic Safety Standard (IAEA, 1997). For decades, FZ-3 and NRB 99/2009 have allowed provisioning the high level of radiation safety of the personnel and the public.

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