Independence of the Judge, the Prosecutor and the Investigator

In the article, based on the analysis of doctrinal literature, law enforcement practice, the results of the survey of prosecutors and investigators questioning the issues of the institute of independence (independence) of the judge, the prosecutor and the investigator. These participants in the criminal process, performing key functions in criminal proceedings, need serious guarantees of the exercise of their special powers. At the same time, the study of relevant legislative acts leads to the conclusion that there are a number of problems whose solution will significantly increase the status of these officials and make them active participants in solving urgent problems of the population. On the one hand, the principle of absolute independence of a judge from the leadership of the judicial system, and on the other - the need to ensure the elementary organization of labor of “ordinary” servants of Themis. Likewise, the author sees a gap in the special powers of the investigator, who has the opportunity to practically independently resolve the criminal law tort, and an indicator of his real autonomy within the preliminary investigation body, which is characterized by an almost complete dependence on the leadership of the investigative body. In addition, the legislator does not form at all his attitude towards the internal independence of an employee of the prosecution authority. In view of the revealed organizational and legal problems of ensuring the independence (autonomy) of the judge, the prosecutor and the investigator, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to more finely regulate the organization of work of these persons, in every possible way protecting them from outside interference

Download Full-text

APPLICATION FEATURES OF TECHNICAL AND FORENSIC TOOLS BY AN INVESTIGATOR (THE INTERROGATOR) DURING INTERROGATION IN THE PRETRIAL DETENTION CENTER

Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta ◽

10.37523/sui.2020.39.3.007 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 48-53

Author(s):

Роман Михайлович Морозов ◽

Дмитрий Юрьевич Волков

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Preventive Measure ◽

Criminal Procedure ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Detention Center ◽

Pretrial Detention ◽

Forensic Tools

Целью статьи было рассмотреть проблемные аспекты тактико-криминалистического применения технических средств при производстве допроса, предложить научно обоснованные рекомендации по их использованию. В статье раскрываются особенности применения технико-криминалистических средств процессуально уполномоченными должностными лицами органов предварительного следствия и дознания при производстве допроса подозреваемых (обвиняемых), в отношении которых избрана мера пресечения в виде заключения под стражу. По результатам проведенных исследований правоприменительной практики и научной литературы авторами раскрываются процессуальные и тактические основания и порядок применения технических средств при производстве допроса на отдельных его этапах, предлагаются решения проблем, связанных с применением технико-криминалистических средств, даются рекомендации по порядку применения отдельных технических средств. Выделяются наиболее целесообразные тактические приемы допроса при применении технических средств фиксации. Авторами предложены изменения в уголовно-процессуальное законодательство по совершенствованию законодательных норм в области применения технических средств при производстве следственных действий. Сформулированные в статье выводы могут быть использованы в правоприменительной практике следователями (дознавателями) при производстве допроса в следственном изоляторе, а также при преподавании отдельных дисциплин: «Уголовный процесс», «Криминалистика», а также специальных курсов (по выбору) уголовно-правового профиля. The purpose of the article was to consider the problematic aspects of the tactical and forensic use of technical means during the interrogation, to offer evidence-based recommendations for their use. The article reveals the features of the use of technical and forensic means by the procedurally authorized officials of the preliminary investigation and inquiry bodies during the interrogation of suspects (accused), in respect of which a preventive measure in the form of detention has been chosen. According to the results of the research of law enforcement practice and scientific literature, the authors reveal the procedural and tactical grounds and the procedure for the use of technical means during the interrogation at its individual stages, offers solutions to problems associated with the use of technical and forensic means, gives some recommendations on the order of application of individual technical means. The most appropriate tactics of interrogation, the use of technical facilities of fixation. The authors propose changes to the criminal procedure legislation to improve the legislative norms in the field of application of technical means in the investigative actions realization. The conclusions formulated in the article can be used in law enforcement practice by investigators (inquirers) during the interrogation in the pretrial detention center, as well as in the teaching of certain disciplines: «Criminal procedure», «Criminalistics», as well as special courses (optional) of criminal law profile.

Download Full-text

Image and exposure: Envisioning genetics as a forensic-surveillance matrix

Surveillance & Society ◽

10.24908/ss.v11i3.4512 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 237-251

Author(s):

Erin Kruger

Keyword(s):

National Security ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Genetic Data ◽

Crime Scene ◽

Dna Profiling ◽

Diverse Range ◽

The Status ◽

Legal Domain ◽

The One ◽

Identification Model

This paper takes the ‘visual’ as the primary subject to engage in a dialogue about surveillance by drawing upon the specific case of the genetic image. Specifically, the genetic image has shifted from the ‘one gene for one identification’ model used in the criminal law to, what are now, categorical, contextual and pattern-based configurations of DNA profiling that are able to compare multiple genetic samples in a singular image. The ability to profile genetics for law and security purposes is, thus, protracting well beyond the confines of the criminal legal domain (i.e. the crime scene, forensic laboratory, courtroom) and into the realm of surveillance: national security, defense, immigration, military and even humanitarian domains. Such a notable transition in visual profiling has also been met with a synonymous reformation in the status of genetic data as it converts from evidence in the realm of criminal law to, now, intelligence in the surveillance-based contexts noted above. This visual reclassification of genetic data reorients DNA to an informing, as opposed to an identifying role. Finally, how experts, scientists, legalists and other relevant practitioners conceive and represent ‘truth’ and ‘trust’ in light of an increasingly diverse range of genetic imagery is subject for discussion.

Download Full-text

The Potential of Criminal Law in Protecting Labor Rights of Citizens (Using the Example of Article 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

Всероссийский криминологический журнал ◽

10.17150/2500-4255.2018.12(6).836-844 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 836-844

Author(s):

Michail Sagandykov ◽

Galia Shafikova

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Theoretical Research ◽

Labor Rights ◽

Labor Legislation ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The One ◽

Criminal Legislation

The relevance of the study is based, on the one hand, on high public danger of crimes in the sphere of labor relations and, on the other hand, on a very low interest of law enforcement, control and supervision bodies in these crimes. The authors show that modern criminal legislation in the sphere of protecting labor rights has a high potential in comparison with both Soviet and foreign criminal law norms. At the same time, this potential, primarily expressed in Chapter 19 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, remains untapped. Many norms, including Art. 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation «Violating the Equality of Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen», are virtually never used against discrimination in the labor sphere, although such discrimination is quite common. No such cases have been found in court statistical data, thus it is impossible to provide a comprehensive criminological description of these crimes. The norm of Art. 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is seldom used by law enforcers because it is legally ambiguous. In this connection the authors suggest complementing the disposition of Art. 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with such factors of discrimination as «age» and «marital status». The latter factor will make it possible to provide extra protection to pregnant women and women with children under three years old against unmotivated refusal of employment and firing. The authors argue that such actions of the employer should constitute an aggregate of crimes and should be punished simultaneously under Art. 136 and 145 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the authors think that it is not appropriate to make the disposition of Art. 136 a blanket one due to vague grounds for discrimination in special legislation, including labor legislation. The obtained results could be used for the improvement of Russian legislation based on theoretical research and the practice of law enforcement.

Download Full-text

KEBIJAKAN PENGGUNAAN SANKSI PIDANA DALAM PERUNDANG--UNDANGAN HUKUM ADMINISTRASI UNDANGAN HUKUM ADMINISTRASIUNDANGAN HUKUM ADMINISTRASI UNDANGAN HUKUM ADMINISTRASI

Wahana Akademika Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial ◽

10.21580/wa.v1i1.806 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 135

Author(s):

Eman Sulaiman

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Administrative Law ◽

Law Enforcement Agencies ◽

Criminal Sanctions ◽

Procedural Law ◽

State Administration ◽

The One ◽

Level Of Understanding

AbstractThe use of criminal sanctions as the main sanction has indicated the extent to which the level of understanding of the legislators to the problem of "crime and punishment". At least show that the limited understanding of the use of criminal sanctions also affect the determination of criminal sanctions in administrative law. "Errors" in the formulation of the implications for the difficulty and confusion in the law enforcement, because there is a gap of two disciplines, namely the criminal law on the one hand and on the other hand administrative law, which has its own procedural law. This confusion will lead to ambiguity in the resolution of cases of violation of administrative law contains criminal sanctions, whether enforcement will be carried out by law enforcement agencies within the criminal justice sisitem or whether officials of the state administration in the sphere of administration? Such circumstances, of course, will lead to the existence of legal uncertainty for the community. Kata Kunci: sanksi pidana, hukum pidana, hukum administrasi

Download Full-text

MEDIATION EXISTENCE CRIMINAL PENAL SETTLEMENT

UNTAG Law Review ◽

10.36356/ulrev.v2i1.720 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Erma Rusdiana

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Legal System ◽

Low Cost ◽

Equal Treatment ◽

Judicial Process ◽

The Public ◽

The People ◽

Religious Law ◽

The One

Indonesian Constitution states that all people of Indonesia are entitled to equal treatment before the law as stated in Article 28 D, paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution, but they are not always easily access it. The principle of justice is simple, fast and low cost can’t be reached by most people. Currently, there is also a change and dynamics of complex societies and regulations in some legislation. It also has implications on the public nature of the criminal law has shifted its relative entered the private sphere with known and practiced penal mediation. Issues raised in this paper is the concept of criminal law enforcement based on the existence of pluralistic and penal mediation as an alternative solution-in the practice of the criminal settlement. Of the studies that have been done that the concept of legal pluralism is no longer emphasizes the dichotomy between the legal system of the state on the one hand with the legal system of the people folk law and religious law on the other side. That law enforcement-based pluralistic more emphasis on interaction and co-existence of the workings of the various legal systems that affect the operation of norms, processes and institutions in masyarakat.Polarisasi law and penal mediation mechanisms can do, as long as it is earnestly desired by all parties ( suspects and victims), as well as to reach a wider interest, namely the maintenance of social harmony. In summary penal mediation would have positive implications philosophically that achieved justice done fast, simple and inexpensive because the parties involved are relatively small compared through the judicial process with the components of the Criminal Justice System

Download Full-text

Registration of Second FIR (First Information Report) in Sughran Bibi Case: A Landmark Judgement of the Supreme Court of Pakistan

Review of Education, Administration & LAW ◽

10.47067/real.v3i1.26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 113-122

Author(s):

Rais Nouman Ahmad ◽

Faiz Bakhsh ◽

M. Danyal Khan ◽

Sidra Kanwal

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Supreme Court ◽

Significant Role ◽

Criminal Trial ◽

Judicial System ◽

Law Enforcement Agencies ◽

The Supreme Court ◽

Police Report ◽

The Status

The registration of First Information Report (FIR) has remained a challenging area for the judicial system of Pakistan; the multiplicity of the FIRs means separate investigation and separate police report. Precedents were available far and against the second FIR which had been creating perplexity and nuisance for law enforcement agencies. First Information Report is contaminated by the inclusion of exaggerated facts by the aggrieved parties. Moreover, there are several allegations on the working of police in Pakistan for drafting the FIR arbitrarily. Although FIR is a mere document to report the incident, however, it has gained a significant role in deciding the fate of a criminal trial in Pakistan. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the status of FIR in criminal-trail framework of Pakistan. To do this, Sughran Bibi Case is very significant in interpreting the status of multiplicity of FIRs in the criminal trail framework. Seven judges of esteemed Supreme Court decided the fate of second FIR in this human rights case. The study investigates the doctrinal aspects of the judgement by presenting a theoretical examination of the status of FIR, its evidentiary value, and effectiveness in the criminal trial framework.

Download Full-text

Powers of the prosecutor during pretrial proceedings to protect the rights of victims of crimes

Russian Journal of Legal Studies ◽

10.17816/rjls48507 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 89-93

Author(s):

Lilia R. Komarova ◽

Mikhail V. Kolesov

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Criminal Case ◽

Law Enforcement Agencies ◽

The Status ◽

The Right ◽

The Impact

The article substantiates the need to change the criminal procedural legislation that regulates the powers of the prosecutor and the status of the victim and gives the prosecutor the right to initiate a criminal case. The proposed changes in the procedural powers of the prosecutor are also considered through the prism of organizing the activities of law enforcement agencies and the impact of statistical reporting indicators on their activities. The experience of prosecutorial and investigative practices and the opinion of distinguished domestic legal scholars are analyzed. The changes proposed by the authors could have a significant positive impact on the work of preliminary investigation bodies and reduce the number of violations committed during preliminary investigation stages. In addition, bringing the status of the prosecutor and the preliminary investigation bodies into a logical procedural position could eliminate unnecessary and inherently harmful corporate competition.

Download Full-text

ANALISIS YURIDIS PENERAPAN KONSEP LEX SPESIALIS SISTEMATIS PADA PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DI BIDANG PERTAMBANGAN DIKAITKAN DENGAN AJARAN PERBARENGAN (CONCURSUS IDEALIS) DALAM HUKUM PIDANA

Jurnal Panji Keadilan : Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional Mahasiswa Hukum ◽

10.36085/jpk.v3i2.1202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Tjahyo Kusumo

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Point Of View ◽

Legal Certainty ◽

Criminal Cases ◽

Mining Sector ◽

Criminal Sanctions ◽

Legal Implications ◽

Penal Law ◽

The One

ABSTRAKPerkembangan dan pembaharuan hukum pidana sudah meningkat dengan adanya penerapan penggabungan hukum dalam penyelesaian kasus tindak pidana. Perumusan masalah:Bagaimana penerapan konsep lex spesialis sistematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan Dikaitkan Dengan Ajaran Perbarengan Dalam Hukum Pidana? Bagaimana kepastian hukum penerapan konsep lex spesialis sistematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan dari sudut pandang keadilan ? Bagaimana implikasi hukum penerapan konsep lex spesialis sistematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan dalam pembaharuan hukum pidana?Tujuan Penelitian Untuk menjelaskan penerapan konsep lex spesialis systematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan Dikaitkan Dengan Ajaran Perbarengan Dalam Hukum Pidana Untuk menjelaskan kepastian hukum penerapan konsep lex spesialis systematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan dari sudut pandang keadilan.Untuk menjelaskan implikasi hukum penerapan konsep lex spesialis systematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan dalam pembaharuan hukum pidana Jenis penelitian hukumnya adalah secara normatif . Kesimpulan Penerapan konsep lex spesialis sistematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan Dikaitkan Dengan Ajaran Perbarengan Dalam Hukum Pidana terdapat dalam beberapa dakwaan yang terhadap terdakwa yang diperiksa pada persidangan. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada contoh kasus putusan Nomor: 16/Pid.Sus-PK/2018/PT.DKI dengan kronologinya: Terdakwa Nur Alam selaku Gubernur Sulawesi Tenggara didakwa sebagai yang melakukan, menyuruh melakukan perbuatan yang secara melawan hukum melakukan perbuatan memperkaya diri sendiri atau orangt lain atau suatu korporasi yang merugikan keuangan Negara atau perekonomian Negara. Kepastian hukum penerapan konsep lex spesialis systematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan dari sudut pandang keadilan yaitu bahwa Kebijakan hukum pidana melalui implementasi asas kekhususan sistematis (systematische specialiteit) merupakan upaya penting dalam harmonisasi dan sinkronisasi antar undang-undang yang terkandung sanksi pidana didalamnya, baik itu yang bersifat pure criminal act ataupun hukum pidana administrasi (administrative penal law). Asas kekhususan sistematis terdapat pada pasal 14 UU Tipikor. Interpretasi terhadap pasal ini tidak seragam sehingga seringkali mengakibatkan terjadinya kriminalisasi kebijakan pejabat. Sehingga masih belum mencapai keadilan. Implikasi hukum penerapan konsep lex spesialis sistematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan dalam pembaharuan hukum pidana bahwa penegak hukum, JPU dan hakim,baik di tingkat pertama, banding, maupun kasasi, dalam menyikapi perkara pidana yang mempertemukan dua ketentuan hukum pidana khusus secara sistematis.ABSTRACTThe development and renewal of criminal law has increased with the application of the incorporation of law in the resolution of criminal cases. Formulation of the problem: How is the application of the concept of a systematic lex specialist on law enforcement of criminal acts of corruption in the field of Mining Associated with the Doctrine of Reform in Criminal Law? What is the legal certainty of the application of the concept of a systematic lex specialist on law enforcement for criminal acts of corruption in the Mining field from the point of view of justice? What are the legal implications of applying the concept of a systematic lex specialist to law enforcement for corruption in the field of Mining in the renewal of criminal law?Research Objectives To explain the application of the concept of systematic lex specialists in law enforcement for corruption in the Mining field Attributed to the Doctrine of Reform in Criminal Law To explain the legal certainty of the application of the concept of systemic specialist lex in law enforcement for corruption in the mining field from the perspective of justice. legal implications of the application of the concept of systematic specialist lex in law enforcement for criminal acts of corruption in the field of Mining in the renewal of criminal law The type of legal research is normative.Conclusion The application of the concept of systematic lex specialists to law enforcement of criminal acts of corruption in the field of Mining Associated with the Doctrine of Collaboration in Criminal Law is contained in a number of charges against the defendants examined at trial. This can be seen in the example of case ruling Number: 16 / Pid.Sus-PK / 2018 / PT.DKI with its chronology: Defendant Nur Alam as the Governor of Southeast Sulawesi was charged as the one who committed, ordered to do an act that unlawfully commits an act of enriching oneself or any other person or corporation that is detrimental to the State's finances or the State's economy. Legal certainty The application of the concept of systematic specialist lex to law enforcement of corruption in the mining sector from the perspective of justice is that the criminal law policy through the implementation of the principle of systematic specificity (systematische specialiteit) is an important effort in the harmonization and synchronization between the laws contained in criminal sanctions therein , both those that are pure criminal act or administrative criminal law. The principle of systematic specificity is found in article 14 of the Corruption Law. The interpretation of this article is not uniform so it often results in the criminalization of official policies. So it still hasn't reached justice. Legal implications of the application of the concept of a systematic lex specialist on law enforcement for criminal acts of corruption in the Mining sector in the renewal of criminal law that law enforcement, prosecutors and judges, both at the first level, appeals, and cassation, in addressing criminal cases that bring together two specific criminal law provisions systematic.

Download Full-text

Forms of Implementation of the Judiciary in Criminal Proceeding in the Context of the Procedural Status of the Courtas a Participant in Criminal Proceeding

Russian Journal of Legal Studies ◽

10.17816/rjls18388 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 111-119

Author(s):

P A Lutsenko

Keyword(s):

Legal Status ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

State Institution ◽

Judicial System ◽

Criminal Case ◽

Criminal Proceedings ◽

Structural Mechanism ◽

Criminal Proceeding ◽

The One ◽

Principle Of Legality

The article examines the procedural status of the court as a participant of criminal proceedings taking into account the specifics of its legal position and the functions to be implemented. The legal status of the court in criminal proceedings by the absence of public or personal interest in the outcome of the criminal case, which not only predetermines the adversarial form of the proceedings, but also guarantees the independence of the judicial authorities in the exercise of justice. The author concludes that the concept of «court» is collective, since on the one hand it is a state institution entering the judicial system, on the other hand - the judge is the bearer of power, considering the criminal case on the merits and decisions provided by law.The judicial system has a sign of instancionnosti, due to its internal hierarchical structure. The existence of judicial bodies predetermines the movement of criminal proceedings, is a structural mechanism for the implementation of the function of internal judicial control and supervision, and also protects the rights and legitimate interests of participants in the criminal Legal proceedings and other interested persons. The powers of the court are considered from the standpoint of the functional criterion, namely: the resolution of the criminal case on the merits; monitoring of the activities of the preliminary investigation bodies; consideration of complaints on actions (inaction) and decisions of officials, conducting proceedings in a criminal case; response to violations of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the principle of legality, established circumstances, which contributed to the commission of a crime by making a private determination or decision, in the course of criminal proceedings.

Download Full-text

Forms of the exercise of judicial power in criminal proceedings in the context of the procedural status of the court as a participant in criminal proceedings

Penitentiary science ◽

10.46741/2686-9764-2019-13-3-376-385 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 376-385

Author(s):

P. A. Lutsenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Legal Status ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

State Institution ◽

Judicial System ◽

Criminal Case ◽

Criminal Proceedings ◽

Structural Mechanism ◽

Legitimate Interests ◽

The One ◽

Principle Of Legality

The article analyzes the procedural status of the court as a participant in criminal proceedings, taking into account the specifics of its legal status and its functions. The legal status of the court in criminal proceedings is determined by the lack of public or personal interest in the outcome of the criminal case, which not only determines the adversarial form of proceedings, but also guarantees the independence of the judiciary in the administration of justice. The author comes to the conclusion that the concept of “court” is collective, because, on the one hand, it is a state institution that is part of the judicial system, on the other hand, a judge is a carrier of power, considering a criminal case on the merits and making decisions stipulated by by law. The judicial system has a sign of instancedness, due to its internal hierarchical structure. The presence of judicial instances predetermines the movement of a criminal case, is a structural mechanism for the implementation of the function of internal judicial control and supervision and also protects the rights and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings and other interested parties. The powers of the court are considered on the basis of a functional criterion, namely: resolution of the criminal case on the merits; control over the activities of preliminary investigation bodies; consideration of complaints about actions (inaction) and decisions of officials conducting criminal proceedings; response to the violations of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the principle of legality, established circumstances that contributed to the commission of a crime committed during the criminal proceedings by issuing a private ruling or decision.

Download Full-text