scholarly journals «Russian mission in Persia» and the problem of mutual (mis)understanding in Russian-British relations in the late 19 - early 20 century

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Andrey Borisovich Larin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
British Society ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Constructive Dialogue ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Great Game

The paper attempts to interpret the problem of Russian-British relations in Qajar Iran as a problem of mutual misunderstanding. It is postulated that the development of Russian-British relations in the 19th century (as well as their interpretation) took place in a situation of confrontation, which directly influenced the prospects for their improvement after the conclusion of the 1907 agreement. The both parties own languages of discussion and interpretation of Russian-British relations in Persia, developed over the decades of the Great Game, hindered the building of a productive constructive dialogue, driving political actors into the trap of already formed meanings and ideologemes. Thus, the concept of the Russian mission in Persia, which was significant for the Russian socio-political discourse, presupposed the legitimacy and justification of the widest Russian intervention in (Northern) Iran, the use of a wide variety of means of conducting its own policy. However, in the British society such approaches and interpretations did not find understanding, the language developed for discussing the Persian issue and Russian policy was invective in relation to Russia and did not allow adopting the meanings, organic for the latter. The understanding of this problem by the key actors did not lead to a fundamental change in the situation.

The Concept of “Zemsky Sobor” in the Interpretation of State Authority in Russia of the 19th Century: From Karamzin to Stepnyak-Kravchinsky

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Badalyan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
State Authority ◽  
The 19Th Century

“Zemsky Sobor” was one of the key concepts in Russian political discourse in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. It can be traced to the notion well-known already since the 17th century. Still in the course of further evolution it received various mew meaning and connotations in the discourse of different political trends. The author of the article examines various stages of this concept configuring in the works of the Decembrists, especially Slavophiles, and then in the political projects and publications of the socialists, liberals and “aristocratic” opposition.

scholarly journals El discurso mítico de la Edad Media en la Historia General de España de Modesto Lafuente

2018 ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Mónica Fuertes Arboix
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Contemporary Spain ◽  
The 19Th Century

<p>Modesto Lafuente es el artífice de la Historia General de España escrita en el siglo XIX, redacción a la que<br />dedicó los últimos años de su vida. La visión de España que se describe en sus páginas es la de un país constituido como tal desde la antigüedad. Esta visión mítica y fundacional de España responde, entre<br />otras causas, al discurso político nacionalista del siglo XIX: la búsqueda en el pasado para justificar el<br />presente y construir un futuro en el que los españoles como nación social y política se puedan identificar.<br />En este trabajo tratamos de los elementos que se vale Lafuente para construir ese discurso mítico y<br />en la influencia de ese discurso en la España contemporánea.</p><p><br />Modesto Lafuente is the author of the Historia General de España written in the 19th century, to what he<br />dedicated the last years of his life. The vision of Spain described in this work is that of a country constituted<br />as such since antiquity. This mythic and foundational vision of Spain has to do, among other<br />things, to the national and political discourse common in 19th century Spain, and that mainly deals with<br />the idea of searching the past to justify the present, in order to build a future where the Spanish people<br />can identify themselves as a social and political nation. In this paper we discuss the different elements used by Lafuente to construct this mythic discourse, and the influence that this discourse has even in contemporary Spain.</p>

scholarly journals PANTELEIMON KULISH IN THE FATE AND WORKS OF MYKHAILO STARYTSKYI (APPROACHING THE ISSUE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Constructive Dialogue ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Works

The paper focuses on the relationship of two Ukrainian literature classics of the 19th century Panteleimon Kulish and Mykhailo Starytskyi, the viewpoint of the latter being basic in this research. The study reveals some aspects of biographical and then creative nature that had an impact on the outlook of the younger writer (M. Starytskyi). There were noticeable differences in the characters and temperaments of the two writers. The noble tolerance on the part of M. Starytskyi allowed maintaining a constructive dialogue between colleagues, despite the substantial worldview and historiosophical ‘swings’ of P. Kulish in the 1870s and 80s. As to typological convergences and differences in the field of literature, it is noted that P. Kulish’s “Commoners’ Council” (“Chorna Rada”) had a signifi cant and long-lasting impact on Starytskyi’s outlook and subsequently his prose works (especially fiction). The prophetic potential of Kulish’s novel (commoners’ councils as the causes of ‘ruin’, the destructive nature of the thoughtless spontaneity of the masses, the threat of populism, etc.) was realized in Starytskyi’s writings. The study shows that in different spheres of creative work, both P. Kulish and M. Starytskyi tended to innovations and experiments focused on the best achievements of European literatures. Special attention is paid to the debatable issue of the classics’ priority in ‘breaking the patterns’ of imitating Shevchenko’s manner of verse (based on the judgments of I. Franko, M. Zerov, and Ye. Nakhlik). The author of the paper defends the view of at least simultaneous overcoming the mentioned patterns by P. Kulish and M. Starytskyi. Some analytical comments are given to M. Starytskyi’s judgments about T. Shevchenko, contained in his letters to P. Kulish. The analysis of M. Starytskyi’s works (novels, dramas, some poems) shows that their author did not share the views of the late works by P. Kulish concerning the historical role of the Cossacks and haidamak movement.

scholarly journals Central Asian Republics’ relations with its neighbors and the US

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Waseem Khan ◽  
Jahanzeb Khalil ◽  
Taimoor Khan
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Successor State ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Us ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Great Game ◽  
The Relationship

The Classical Great Game of the 19th century in the region was a contest between the Russian and British empires over Afghanistan due to its geostrategic importance. The “New Great Game", being played out in Central Asia, is one in which powers on the borders of the Central Asian states, as well as the US, compete for influence in the region, but also one in which the Central Asian states themselves are active players. In order to explain the geostrategic importance of Central Asia, it is necessary to mention the interests of other countries in the region. The relationship with Russia, the successor state to the USSR, is of vital importance. During the Soviet era, the USSR held the CARs as a liability and gave them independence without much resistance. It soon regretted its decision after it realized that the CARs are important countries because other countries are trying to influence the CARs. Hence, Russia started actively pursuing its interests in the region. The most important interest is to maintain its traditional regional hegemony. This essay critically examines the above-mentioned fact in the context of Central Asian Republics’ relations with its neighbors and the US.

IMAGES OF THE WEST IN THE RUSSIAN POLITICAL DISCOURSE AND STRATEGY OF RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
DMITRY DOLENKO ◽  
◽  
EVGENIA MAKSHAEVA ◽  
STANISLAV MALCHENKOV
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
The West ◽  
Universal Civilization ◽  
The 19Th Century

Objective. The main objective of this study is to analyze the images of the West in Russian political discourse and Russia’s strategy in relations with the West. This problem remains in the focus of attention not only of domestic scientists, but also of foreign researchers, including J.D. Bryan, B. Pudełko, Sh.W. Rivera, A. Segrillo. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the presence of three main civilizational and geopolitical images of the West in domestic socio-political thought is ascertained. The first of these is the image of a civilizational leader, first formulated in the works of Westernizers of the 19th century. The second approach involves the recognition of the image of a unique, but not universal civilization - it is characteristic of one of the founders of the civilizational approach N.Y. Danilevsky. The image of the West as a civilization hostile to Russia was also formed, the ideological roots of which are the views of the Slavophiles. These images also predetermined various strategies in relation to the West: rapprochement, the formation of one’s own civilization and opposition to the West. In the politics of tsarist Russia, the image of the West as a whole was not formulated. In Soviet doctrine, the West was identified with the system of capitalism and was considered as a class adversary, peaceful coexistence with which was interpreted as a form of class struggle. The modern political doctrine reflects the contradictory image of the West as a partner and rival, the strategy of relations with which includes both cooperation and rivalry. Originality/value: In the work an attempt is made to compare the images of the West in Russian socio-political and official-state discourses.

Woe of Tale? The emergence, vicissitudes and (over-) efficiency of the Swiss narrative of democracy

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Irene Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Crucial Element ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The Swiss narrative of democracy is a well-known and well-studied topic. Not only is it still used by current—mostly populist and xenophobic—political actors, but it has been explored by at least two generations of historians who have tracked its development before the French Revolution and, to a lesser extent, during the 19th century, a period during which Swiss democracy was undergoing dramatic changes. This literature shows that this narrative was first an account of Swiss liberty before focusing on democracy per se. It also demonstrates that the democracy it depicts has very little to do with its medieval counterpart. However, historians mostly overlook a crucial element, which is highlighted in this volume, as they fail to truly analyse the use of the narrative form—and the consequences of its use, per se. By focusing first on the emergence of this narrative and then by thoroughly exploring its development during the post-revolutionary period, along with the evolution of democracy itself, this article seeks to prove the importance of the narrative (form) for the evolution of Swiss modern democracy—even today.

scholarly journals VICTORIAN VIRTUES IN TEACHING “LITERATURE OF GREAT BRITAIN”

10.23856/3109 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Vira Shastalo
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
British Literature ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
British Society ◽  
Teaching Literature ◽  
The 19Th Century

 The article is dedicated to the problem of Victorian system of values reflected in the British literature studied at the department of foreign languages. The paper distinguishes the most relevant and typical virtues of the British society in the 19th century.

Grammatical Descriptions in Manchu Grammar Books from the Qing Dynasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Takashi Takekoshi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this paper, we analyse features of the grammatical descriptions in Manchu grammar books from the Qing Dynasty. Manchu grammar books exemplify how Chinese scholars gave Chinese names to grammatical concepts in Manchu such as case, conjugation, and derivation which exist in agglutinating languages but not in isolating languages. A thorough examination reveals that Chinese scholarly understanding of Manchu grammar at the time had attained a high degree of sophistication. We conclude that the reason they did not apply modern grammatical concepts until the end of the 19th century was not a lack of ability but because the object of their grammatical descriptions was Chinese, a typical isolating language.

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