scholarly journals An Arabo-Islamic Lexicon of Russian Academic Islamic Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-66
Author(s):  
Stanislav M. Prozorov
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Introductory Part ◽  
The Way

The structure of the proposed publication: The introductory part, were the author examines the necessity of the unification of Arab-Islamic terminology in Russian Academic Islamic studies as a step on the way to the proper understanding and translation of Arab-Islamic lexicon and as a measure contributing to the improvement of professional knowledge of Islam. Two subject-matter parts contain a database of Arab-Islamic vocabulary, prepared on the basis of the contents of original Arab-Islamic sources and presented in the form of two tables, in which the selected terminology is presented in Arabic script, Cyrillic alphabet and Latin transliteration, with an appended Russian translation.

Why Phenomenology?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Pure Intuition ◽  
The Way

This chapter sets out the rationale for adopting a phenomenological approach to the devout life literature. Distinguishing the present approach from versions of the phenomenology of religion dominant in mid-twentieth-century approaches to religion, an alternative model is found in Heidegger’s early lectures on Paul. These illustrate that alongside its striving to achieve a maximally pure intuition of its subject matter, phenomenology will also be necessarily interpretative and existential. Although phenomenology is limited to what shows itself and therefore cannot pass judgement on the existence of God, it can deal with God insofar as God appears within the activity and passivity of human existence. From Hegel onward, it has also shown itself open to seeing the self as twofold and thus more than a simple subjective agent, opening the way to an understanding of the self as essentially spiritual.

THE ANTI-BUCOLIC WORLD OF NICANDER'S THERIACA

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Overduin
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Authentic Learning ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Locus Amoenus ◽  
Linguistic Innovation ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Selection Of

The last decades have shown that Nicander's Theriaca (second century b.c.e.), a didactic hexameter poem of 958 lines on snakes, scorpions, spiders, and the proper treatment of the wounds they inflict, is a markedly more playful work than most readers thought. Rather than considering the poem as a vehicle of authentic learning, literary approaches to the nature of Nicander's strange poetic world have focussed on his eye for Alexandrian aesthetics, intertextuality, linguistic innovation, and awareness of the didactic tradition that started with Hesiod's Works and Days, but also on his predilection for horror, voyeuristic sensationalism, and gory details. Although literary-minded readers have found it hard to disprove convincingly that Nicander may have had some professional knowledge of his subject matter, a glance at his arcane language is enough to convince any reader that the Theriaca cannot be concerned solely with its explicit subject. In this article I will make some additional observations on the way in which Nicander has turned the Theriaca into a work of literature, focussing on some of the choices that he has made with regard to his less than veracious depiction of snakes and animals. While Spatafora rightly points to Nicander's eye for detail when portraying floral beauty, I will argue that the poet's play with the topos of the locus amoenus has a darker side. Rather than creating an epic world of beauty, Nicander shows his talent for taking the reader along an unpleasant path of apprehension and negative feelings, portraying a choice selection of afflictions. Not only does he have many ways of giving his quasi-scientific account a markedly negative atmosphere, but his world may well be a deliberate reversal of that other well-known Hellenistic portrayal of the natural world, Theocritus' bucolics.

The Palingenesis of De rerum natura

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 81-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Schiesaro
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
De Rerum Natura ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

1. If I had to sum up as concisely as I possibly can the subject matter of this paper, I would probably say that it was originally stimulated by the attempt to understand how Lucretius articulated his didactic plot. What is the plot of a poem that presents itself as analysing nothing less than ‘the nature of things’? It is safe to assume as a starting-point that a didactic poem which intends to revolutionize each and every principle of perception and evaluation of reality cannot remain unaffected by the theoretical views it tries to prove, and that the persuasive impact of those theories on the reader will inevitably be strengthened or weakened by the way the text situates itself in respect to those theories: the poem itself will be the most effective or the most damning example of its own theories.

Everyday Style

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
Everyday Aesthetics ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Film Style ◽  
Positive Representations ◽  
Aesthetic Sensibility ◽  
The Way

Where chapter two deals with ordinary moments in extraordinary films, chapter three explores another aspect of the spectrum of the everyday in cinema: the concept of the everyday as a film style, and its relationship to the everyday as subject matter. This chapter examines the way the everyday as film style has been theorised—predominately as an aesthetic sensibility that privileges the undramatic and routine as a conduit to the profound or transcendent. Chapter three asserts that while this scholarship has been useful in illuminating positive representations of the everyday, its attempts to quarantine the everyday from the dramatic are problematic and ultimately reductive. Instead, through detailed case studies of Bresson’s Money (1983) and Haneke’s The Seventh Continent (1989), the chapter presents an alternate approach that allows for a more nuanced appreciation of everyday aesthetics, allowing for films which do not treat the everyday as strictly positive. These films are unsettling precisely for their lack of authorial guidance on how to respond to horrific narrative events; film style is pared back in such a way that moments of violence are afforded the same aesthetic weight as the representation of ordinary and mundane routines.

Signs and sentiment in British wildlife art

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Welstead
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Level Of Abstraction ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Close Observation ◽  
Human World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Visual Clues ◽  
The Way

Wildlife art does not receive the critical attention that it deserves. In this chapter, William Welstead considers how the images made after close observation in the field incorporate the signs and visual clues that enable us to identify the species, have some idea of what the individuals are doing and how they relate to the wider environment. These are all important factors in building an informed view of the non-human world and establishing how we feel about it. Wildlife artists tread a difficult path between serving science and catering for the affective response of viewers and between the representational and the abstract in depicting their subject matter. Welstead suggests that the way we recognise wildlife by its overall look or ‘jizz’ means that drawings and paintings can capture in a few lines and shapes the essence of the creature. This economical application of lines and colour therefore allows for at least some level of abstraction. The subject would merit further attention from ecocritics.

Various Aspects of Material Handling

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

This chapter presents various aspects of material handling devices. At first, brief guidelines about the way to select various material handling devices is provided, followed by various material handling tasks and equipment. Based on the subject matter of this book, this chapter provides an overview of various intelligent techniques which have been applied to various aspects of intelligent vehicles. The last section provides overviews of all the subsequent chapters.

Type-theoretical checking and philosophy of Mathematics

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Philosophy Of Mathematics ◽  
General Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
De Bruijn ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Way

After millennia of mathematics we have reached a level of understanding that can be represented physically. Humankind has managed to disentangle the intricate mixture of language, metalanguage and interpretation, isolating a body of formal, abstract mathematics that can be completely verified by machines. Systems for computer-aided verification have philosophical aspects. The design and usage of such systems are influenced by the way we think about mathematics, but it also works the other way. A number of aspects of this mutual influence will be discussed in this paper. In particular, attention will be given to philosophical aspects of type-theoretical systems. These definitely call for new attitudes: throughout the twentieth century most mathematicians had been trained to think in terms of untyped sets. The word “philosophy” will be used lightheartedly. It does not refer to serious professional philosophy, but just to meditation about the way one does one’s job. What used to be called philosophy of mathematics in the past was for a large part subject oriented. Most people characterized mathematics by its subject matter, classifying it as the science of space and number. From the verification system’s point of view, however, subject matter is irrelevant. Verification is involved with the rules of mathematical reasoning, not with the subject. The picture may be a bit confused, however, by the fact that so many people consider set theory, in particular untyped set theory, as part of the language and foundation of mathematics, rather than as a particular subject treated by mathematics. The views expressed in this paper are quite personal, and can mainly be carried back to the author’s design of the Automath system in the late 1960s, where the way to look upon the meaning (philosophy) of mathematics is inspired by the usage of the unification system and vice versa. See de Bruijn 1994b for various philosophical items concerning Automath, and Nederpelt et al. 1994, de Bruin 1980, de Bruijn 1991a for general information about the Automath project. Some of the points of view given in this paper are matters of taste, but most of them were imposed by the task of letting a machine follow what we say, a machine without any knowledge of our mathematical culture and without any knowledge of physical laws.

Causal Non-Symmetry

2020 ◽  
pp. 344-381
Author(s):  
Paul Noordhof
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Independence Condition ◽  
Asymmetric Relation ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Priority Ordering ◽  
The Way

Causation is a non-symmetric rather than asymmetric relation. Different bases of causal non-symmetry include an asymmetry of overdetermination, the independence condition, and agency. Causal non-symmetry can be rooted in one or more of these three while also recognizing a fourth non-symmetry appealing to a primitive non-symmetric chance-raising. Each counts as an appropriate basis for causal non-symmetry because it is a (partial) realization of non-symmetric chance-raising. Key moves involve a refinement of how to understand the way in which the asymmetry of overdetermination works, and how it interacts with the revised similarity weighting, the contribution of the independence condition to a proper understanding of the transition period, the role that appeals to primitive non-symmetric chance-raising should play in the treatment of problem cases, the circumstances in which an appeal to an interlevel non-symmetry of agency may be appropriate, and the priority ordering of these various realizations of causal non-symmetry.

Final Remarks

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Majid Daneshgar
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
The Way

The final chapter of the book is divided into two sections: conclusions, and “Islamic Apologetics” everywhere. It informs readers about the future of Islamic studies in the West and the way it gets gradually changed to Islamic Apologetics. In so doing, some of the true stories that have happened in both Muslim and Western academic contexts are discussed. The final remarks aim to show that, in fact, the stronger the connection with politics and traditionalism, the more diminished is the academic approach toward religion and the greater the conservative presentation of religious studies, in both Western and Muslim academic contexts.

Phenomenology and Hermeneutics

2019 ◽  
pp. 234-247
Author(s):  
René Rosfort
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Hermeneutical Phenomenology ◽  
Phenomenological Psychopathology ◽  
The Way

The aims of phenomenology are to clarify, describe, and make sense of the structures and dynamics of pre-reflective human experience, whereas hermeneutics aims to articulate the reflective character of human experience as it manifests in language and other forms of creative signs. This suggests that the two approaches differ in aims, methods, and subject matter. A closer look at the two disciplines reveals, however, that in terms of history, themes, and philosophical goals they have more in common than that which separates them. This chapter examines these differences and common features in the philosophy of Heidegger and Gadamer, then demonstrates how Ricoeur’s hermeneutical phenomenology provides us with a dialectical account of personal identity that can contribute to phenomenological psychopathology. The combination of a phenomenological clarification of selfhood and a hermeneutical emphasis on interpretation paves the way for an interdisciplinary approach to mental illness.

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