An Empirical Formula to Classify the Quality of Earthquake Locations

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 2755-2761
Author(s):  
Maddalena Michele ◽  
Diana Latorre ◽  
Antonio Emolo

Abstract Providing a quantitative estimate of earthquake location quality is not a simple task. Traditional methods, used in literature, are not exhaustive and depend on a subjective point of view, because they consist of empirical choice of quality thresholds of different estimators of location uncertainty. However, we notice that these estimators are correlated with one another, implying the need to combine them to obtain a numerical and impartial estimate of the quality of a seismic location. Therefore, we provide a formula that associates a quality factor (qf) value with a seismic location, which is based on the combination of a set of uncertainty estimators, suitably normalized. We apply the criterion to two different‐type and different‐scale earthquake catalogs, located by two different methods, obtaining encouraging results. The qf parameter definition is a fast, simple, and objective instrument to provide a user‐friendly classification of location quality. Thus, the qf could represent a powerful tool for routine monitoring location computation.

2014 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc Kalmár

Energy labeling of buildings is accepted and used in all European countries. Depending on the yearly specific primary energy consumption the energy quality of a building is expressed using a country specific method. Consequently primary energy is the basis of building energy class. Primary energy is obtained using different country specific transformation factors for gas, electricity, wood, biomass etc. However different quantities of warm water and steam can have the same energy content. Calculating the exergy content of used energy a better classification of buildings can be achieved. This paper presents a method to analyze residential buildings from exergy point of view. It was found a transformation factor between energy and exergy: 0.075.


1986 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Rehbein ◽  
D. K. Hsu ◽  
R. B. Thompson ◽  
T. A. Jones

Resistance tube closure welds, referred to as pinch welds, are used to reliably seal small stainless steel tubing [1]. The quality of the bond is dependent upon, among other factors, the cleanliness of the tube bore. Post weld inspections are therefore desired as process control procedures. In previous studies, ultrasonics was shown to have considerable promise in this application. Thomas et al. [1] demonstrated that pattern recognition algorithms could be applied to the ultrasonic signals transmitted through the tubes to produce a correct classification of good and bad welds in several different sets of samples. The algorithms were somewhat dependent on the material from which the samples were fabricated, but all showed a good deal of commonality. In a parallel study, Rehbein et al. [2] examined, from a more mechanistic point of view, sets of tubes fabricated at the same time. They observed that gross disbonds could be easily detected from changes in signals either reflected from or transmitted through the bond line. When such disbonds were not present, they observed that signals doubly transmitted through the interface (i.e., the back surface echo) showed a trend to lower values as the bond quality decreased. This paper describes the sequel to that study, having the objective of developing a quantitative understanding of the interaction of the ultrasound with the pinch welds.


Organizacija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-197
Author(s):  
Tadeja Jere Jakulin ◽  
Aleksandra Golob

Abstract Background and Purpose: The standardisation and classification of managed events provide a legislative basis to distinguish events managed for tourism in their characteristics and quality. The systems approach to standardisation and classification of managed events is a unique, holistic view of event management quality and event organization in tourism. It enables a clear overview of a researched topic and provides adequate support to design and decision-making. In this paper, we explain the meaning of standardisation and classification for Slovenian legislation related to event management. We present the importance of a systems approach methodology for event categorization and classification as it relates to the quality of event management organization, the quality of staff, the quality of the event program and the quality of event services. Objectives: Provide an overview of events in tourism, related definitions and information gathered from scientific authors, which serves as current systems approach principles with which we want to achieve the desired results, positive changes in legislation; in our case-in the field of managed event quality for tourism through standardisation and classification of events on the national level in Slovenia. Method: A descriptive method and systems approach methods are fundamental methodological principles in our analysis. In the context of a systems approach, we used qualitative modelling and constructed causal loop models (CLD) of the legislative system of events and investments in the events. We also used context-dependent modelling (SD model) in a frame of systems dynamics. Results: We present the most appropriate solution to eliminate our problem or question about how to achieve high quality and unique events within event tourism and with event management, thereby creating added value to an event legislative system. We explain suggestions for achieving triple-bottom elements through well-designed quality standards and classification of events, which leads to an optimal categorization of events. Conclusion: From a systems point of view, event tourism processes, including event management, are systems consisting of people and technologies with the purpose of designing, producing, trading and deploying the idea of an event. It is necessary to transform the current Slovenian legislative system of events and prepare a document which standardizes and classifies events based on systems approach methodology.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-654
Author(s):  
William G. Crook ◽  
Walton W. Harrison ◽  
Stanley E. Crawford

THE NEGLECT OF TRAINING IN ALLERGY Perhaps the most remarkable thing about allergy is its relative neglect in the field of medical research, education and practice. This phenomenon has been recognized by a number of leaders in the field. "Allergy is sadly neglected in the medical schools of this country. Some department heads look upon it as scarcely more scientific than witchcraft. . . . There is no question that medicine either ridiculed or ignored. . . . The chances are overwhelming that as a resident—(the physician) had no exposure whatever to an allergy service or guidance from one trained in allergy." A review of the program of the Society for Pediatric Research for the past several years shows that, while there were many papers on varied subjects, few of them dealt with allergy. THE PROBLEM OF THE PRACTICING PEDIATRICIAN Our discussion of this subject is presented from the point of view of practicing pediatricians who have struggled with the problems of allergy in a general pediatric practice for some 9 years. During this period, the recognition and management of children with allergic disease presented such a problem that we had to take a more active interest in it as a matter of "self defense." In comparing our training with that of other pediatricians, we feel that our exposure, and the quality of the instruction given us in managing the allergic child, was well above the average. Nevertheless, we still were inadequately prepared to meet the needs of countless hundreds of our patients. A recent study of the incidence of allergic disease in our practice during the year 1954 showed that 14% of an unselected, consecutive group of children coming to our general pediatric clinic had major, unquestioned allergic disease, including asthma, hay fever, allergic rhinitis and eczema. An additional 18% had findings which warranted a classification of "probably allergic."


2013 ◽  
pp. 1113-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kalina ◽  
Jana Zvárová

The chapter presents decision support systems in medicine, their basic principles, and structure. From the point of view of patient safety, the decision support systems can bring new unexpected sources of errors, which must be anticipated at the design, implementation, and validation stages. Nevertheless, a safe and easy-to-use system can greatly improve the quality of determining the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in healthcare. The authors of this chapter concentrate on the contribution of decision support systems to patient safety and on their potential to future contributions. A decision support system requires a user-friendly interface with the electronic health record and information system within the healthcare facility. The authors also present two examples of decision support systems from the genetics research.


2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Mariya N. Ostretsova

Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease involving blockage and inflammation of pilosebaceous units. It has a genetic predisposition and sharply reduces the quality of patients’ life and the level of their social adaptation through the formation of conspicuous cosmetic defects in open areas of the skin. The processes of pathological scarring (atrophic, hypertrophic and keloid scars) is described in detail as one of the most severe consequences of acne vulgaris and its treatment. The problem is described from the modern point of view of the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Differential diagnosis between keloid and hypertrophic scars, as well as the most relevant approaches to classification and evaluation of severity of postacne scarring according to the valid international scales, are presented.


2018 ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Martin-Fuentes ◽  
Carles Mateu ◽  
César Fernández

European countries do not have the same hotel classification system. Therefore, the criteria and requirements used to assign star ratings to hotels do not concur among the different countries. There have been some criticisms about the way hotel stars are assigned, because the requirements do not necessarily match the quality of service offered. Technical criteria such as infrastructure and room dimensions are taken into account, but users do not perceive them although these have nothing to do with the satisfaction. This study aims to determine whether the hotel category of about 80,000 hotels in 9 different European countries on TripAdvisor is related to customer satisfaction, measured from the point of view of the user ratings on this site. The one-way ANOVA test shows that there are significant differences between the average ratings of the hotel category, except in the classification of 1-star and 2-star hotels from most countries analysed that behave similarly, and 1-star and 3-star hotels from Austria, Greece, Portugal, Spain and UK that are ranked similarly.


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (86) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
R.Y. Zveryuk

The purpose of the work was to investigate the ideas of Yakym Yarema regarding the moral development of a personality. The content of his report «The Stages of Moral Development» (1937) is analyzed for this purpose. In order to achieve the goal, the digitization of this work was carried out, its scientific and literary editing and analysis. The study of the stages of moral development is carried out in accordance with the logics applied by Ya. Yarema: firstly, a general overview of the concepts and criteria of moral and immoral, then – periodization in accordance with different criteria and analysis of recommended methods of educational influence, relevant at different stages of the development of morality. Moral and immoral Yakym Yarema categorizes from the point of view of the participation of consciousness in the implementation of morally evaluated acts, which significantly distinguishes it from traditional educational approaches. Concerning the criteria for the classification of degrees, the scholar distinguishes between three: the common course of social and moral development; the basis of the legitimization of moral norms; development of the quality of motivation as a motive for moral development. According to each criterion, Ya. Yarema described three levels of moral development: premoral (neutral, immoral), second and third (different names according to the classification criterion). His conclusions on the transition from the second to the third stages and the conditions under which it occurs (or does not happen), the completion of moral development (quantitatively) in the second stage and incompleteness as a specific characteristic of the development of qualitative indicators of moral consciousness are pedagogically important. The methods of moral education proposed by Yakym Yarema are correlated with age characteristics, qualitative characteristics of individual degrees and social environments of different magnitude.


2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Ostling

The past decade has brought a boom of online initiatives that monitor performance of parliaments – a practice commonly referred to as ‘parliamentary informatics’. A recent survey identified 191 organisations monitoring over 80 parliaments worldwide; many of these use digital tools to aggregate information and facilitate citizens’ involvement in parliamentary activity (Mandelbaum 2011). At the same time, little is actually known about who uses these platforms and whether they increase the quality of democracy. This paper aims to fill this gap by assessing parliamentary informatics projects in three European countries from the point of view of key democratic dimensions: equality, accountability, and political responsiveness. In particular, the paper shows that parliamentary informatics projects achieve mixed results in terms of democratic quality. Many of the traditionally underrepresented groups in politics have even more limited presence on these online platforms. The accountability - including access to user-friendly, close to real-time, and objective political information that help ordinary citizen to hold their representative accountable - turns out to be the strongpoint of this type of projects. However, users do not consider transparency of information to be enough. Many participants build up significant expectations about political effects of their engagement. Yet, their expectations are generally disappointed by lack of impact.


Author(s):  
Jan Kalina ◽  
Jana Zvárová

The chapter presents decision support systems in medicine, their basic principles, and structure. From the point of view of patient safety, the decision support systems can bring new unexpected sources of errors, which must be anticipated at the design, implementation, and validation stages. Nevertheless, a safe and easy-to-use system can greatly improve the quality of determining the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in healthcare. The authors of this chapter concentrate on the contribution of decision support systems to patient safety and on their potential to future contributions. A decision support system requires a user-friendly interface with the electronic health record and information system within the healthcare facility. The authors also present two examples of decision support systems from the genetics research.


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