scholarly journals Existir nas semelhanças / To Exist in the Similarities

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Rafael Tomelin
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Book Of Genesis ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Different Levels

Resumo: Partindo da análise minuciosa de dois textos de Walter Benjamin, “Doutrina das semelhanças” e “Sobre a faculdade mimética”, este trabalho visa mostrar a proposição para uma filosofia da linguagem que vinha sendo pensada desde “Sobre a linguagem em geral e a linguagem humana”. Neste, começa a ser apresentada uma ideia de linguagem mágica, advinda do livro do Gênesis e do sopro divino, de onde se diferenciam a linguagem divina, que nomeia para conhecer, humana, que conhece e depois nomeia, da linguagem das coisas, que é muda e imperfeita. Pensa-se na faculdade mimética como algo que, nos povos primitivos, dizia respeito às correspondências mágicas entre linguagem e o universo, e que, na modernidade, corresponde à decaída no arquivo de semelhanças não-sensíveis, e, por fim, à incapacidade de nos tornarmos semelhantes.Palavras-chave: semelhanças; correspondências; decadência; constelações; mimese.Abstract: Starting from a careful analysis of two texts by Walter Benjamin, “Doctrine of the Similar” and “On the Mimetic Faculty”, this paper aims to show the proposition for a philosophy of language that has been thought by Walter Benjamin since “On Language as Such and on the Language of Man”. The beginning of this philosophy of language comes from the book of Genesis and from the divine breath of life. There are three different levels of language, the divine that names to know, the human that knows and then names, and the language of things that is mute and imperfect. The mimetic faculty is thought of as something which, in primitive peoples, was related to the magical correspondences between language and the universe, and which, in modernity, corresponds to the human decay into the archive of nonsensitive similarities, and, finally, to our inability to become similar.Keywords: similitudes; correspondences; decadence; constellations; mimesis.

Schemaspiele

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Hans Lenk
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Modeling Processes ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Active Formation

AbstractThe title of “Schema Games” is certainly insinuated by Wittgenstein’s later philosophy of “Language Games” as a social practice and “life forms” and “Gepflogenheiten” (usages), social practices, action forms and mores and institutions. However, in this article Wittgenstein’s conception is extended to forms of not only language usages and actions but also any form of modeling, structuring and scheme activation in cognition and action as well as subconscious, even neuro-physiologically activated networking and modeling processes. Schemes, schematization and scheme activations as well as reactivations are decisive for any stabilization of meanings, opinions, mental episodes as well as actions, social or individual. There is no cognition or action or thinking and speaking without the activation and reactivation of schemes on different levels.Wittgenstein’s approach of a pragmatic and social practice of language games and life forms based on common and repeated usages of special cases of scheme activations and processes of interpretative constructions (interpretative constructs) may also methodologically be analyzed on different levels, even subconscious ones, to grasp or to constitute cognitive and action-like activities. Active formation and usages play a fundamental and pragmatic role, not only according to Kant under his categories but after Wittgenstein and the present methodological approach in a more flexible way - somewhat like Wittgenstein’s “language games” approach. Not only socially based speech forms and actions as well as “life forms” are dependent on active pragmatic scheme interpretations, but also already many basic processes of representing, cognizing, acting, mustering and modeling, even on subconscious neuronal levels. Any cognition and action whatsoever is scheme-dependent, produced by scheme-interpretative activity on user-oriented and a socio-pragmatic, or even institutionalized basis. Not only do language games rely on scheme activations, but they are, methodologically speaking, special cases of these forms of activation. Thus, the parallelism between “language games” and life forms in Wittgenstein’s sense and “schema games” on the basis of methodological scheme-interpretationism seems to be well-founded.

scholarly journals Angelic Dynamism: Humanity in Paul Klee’s Drawing Series of 1939–1940

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-531
Author(s):  
Sergey P. Purgin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Time History ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Universe

Since Walter Benjamin in “The Theses on the Philosophy of History” showcased Paul Klee’s angels, they remain mysterious figures that represent time, history or soul. The article focuses on the series of drawings that were created in the artist’s later period (1939−1940). The series can be regarded as the artist’s final will and testament as it expresses Klee’s condensed philosophy and mature views on man’s place in the universe. It also reflects the master’s cherished artistic methods and techniques, consistently honed in on during the course of his life. The author studies the relations within the series and the series relation to other artworks by Klee. It is demonstrated that it is humankind that is the main theme of the series. By contrasting human and angelic forms in his drawings Klee reinvigorates the European tradition of defining humanity through its relation to angelic orders and through its position on the hierarchy of creation. However, Klee strives to re-imagine the universe as a whole, for him it is not the ladder of perfections, which rises to angels and God. Therefore, the relations between human and angelic creatures are intimately familial rather than hierarchical. The author highlights that the artistic style and techniques emphasize visual dynamic and form creation (“formation”). In depicting angels, the artist brings forth his concern with temporal dimension of human nature and its significance in human life. Thus, in this dynamic interrelation, human beings become “angelic grotesque” with their own ontic temporality. This temporality specific to human creatures is defined as the “moment that transcends itself ” — since the latter is essentially “ecstatic” and “self-propelling”.

scholarly journals A miniaturização como procedimento de escrita / Miniaturization as a Writing Procedure

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Francisco Camêlo
Keyword(s):  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
De Se ◽  
Elective Affinities ◽  
Robert Walser ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Do So

Resumo: Propõe-se uma reflexão cruzada entre Walter Benjamin e Robert Walser, a partir de suas micrografias. Dentre os muitos objetos que colecionou durante a vida, Benjamin tinha especial apreço por livros infantis, miniaturas e brinquedos. Esse interesse pelo diminuto também se manifestava na extrema pequenez de sua letra e no desejo de chegar a cem linhas numa folha de carta de tamanho convencional, feito conseguido por Walser, que escrevia microtextos com uma grafia minúscula e sobre quem o próprio Benjamin redigiu um curtíssimo ensaio em 1929. Se, por um lado, a letra miniaturizada de Benjamin e de Walser aponta para um gesto de escrita que parece cifrar o conteúdo do texto, por outro lado, a micrografia de ambos diz do interesse mútuo de se esconder nas malhas textuais através de um apequenamento do eu pela escrita. Pode-se, ainda, aproximar a miniaturização da letra de uma estreita vinculação com o universo da infância, seja pelos personagens crianças e fracassados presentes na obra de Walser; seja pelo protagonismo que a infância como Denkbild (imagem de pensamento) assume nos escritos de Benjamin. A partir dessas afinidades eletivas, o artigo procura mostrar a miniaturização como um procedimento de escrita de Benjamin e de Walser através de paralelos entre suas micrografias e de comentários analítico-especulativos de ensaios de Benjamin e de contos de Walser.Palavras-chave: Walter Benjamin; Robert Walser; escrita; miniaturização, infância.Abstract: The article proposes a cross-reflection between Walter Benjamin and Robert Walser and finds its first intersection in the micrographs produced by them. Among the many objects collected during his lifetime, Benjamin seems to have had a special appreciation for children’s books, miniatures and toys. This interest in small items was also manifested in the extreme smallness of his handwriting and in the desire to write one hundred lines in a conventional-size paper – this last one achieved by Walser, who wrote microtexts in a miniscule handwriting and was also the subject of a short essay Benjamin wrote in 1929. If, on the one hand, the miniaturized handwritings of both Benjamin and Walser point to a manner of writing that seems to encrypt the content of texts, on the other hand, the micrographies constructed by both men state a mutual interest in hiding amongst the textual mesh through the suppression of the self in writing. One can, still, liken the miniaturized handwriting with the universe of childhood, be it by the character of the child or the character of the so-called underdog (both present in the works of Walser) or by the protagonism that a childhood-as-Denkbird (image of thought) assumes in Benjamin’s work. Based on these elective affinities, the article seeks to show the miniaturization as a writing procedure employed by both Benjamin and Walser, and it will do so by establishing parallels between the micrographs of the latter and the analytical-speculative commentaries present in Benjamin’s essays and in Walser’s tales.Keywords: Walter Benjamin; Robert Walser; writing; miniaturization; childhood.

scholarly journals The diverse galaxy counts in the environment of high-redshift massive black holes in Horizon-AGN

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (1) ◽  
pp. 1206-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Habouzit ◽  
Marta Volonteri ◽  
Rachel S Somerville ◽  
Yohan Dubois ◽  
Sébastien Peirani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
Formation History ◽  
Black Hole Growth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hole Growth ◽  
Number Counts ◽  
The Universe

ABSTRACT High-redshift quasars are believed to reside in highly biased regions of the Universe, where black hole growth is sustained by an enhanced number of mergers and by being at the intersection of filaments bringing fresh gas. This assumption should be supported by an enhancement of the number counts of galaxies in the field of view of quasars. While the current observations of quasar environments do not lead to a consensus on a possible excess of galaxies, the future missions JWST, WFIRST, and Euclid will provide new insights on quasar environments, and will substantially increase the number of study-cases. We are in a crucial period, where we need to both understand the current observations and predict how upcoming missions will improve our understanding of BH environments. Using the large-scale simulation Horizon-AGN, we find that statistically the most massive BHs reside in environments with the largest galaxy number counts. However, we find a large variance in galaxy number counts, and some massive BHs do not show enhanced counts in their neighbourhood. Interestingly, some massive BHs have a very close galaxy companion but no further enhancement at larger scales, in agreement with recent observations. We find that AGN feedback in the surrounding galaxies is able to decrease their luminosity and stellar mass, and therefore to make them unobservable when using restrictive galaxy selection criteria. Radiation from the quasars can spread over large distances, which could affect the formation history of surrounding galaxies, but a careful analysis of these processes requires radiative transfer simulations.

La mímesis como lógica del recuerdo: una lectura sobre la noción de «imagen dialéctica» en la obra de Walter Benjamin desde una perspectiva warburguiana

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
Late Work ◽  
Dialectical Image ◽  
Intimate Connection

ResumenEl trabajo investiga la relación entre las nociones de «imagen dialéctica» [dialektisches Bild] y de recuerdo [Erinnerung] en la obra tardía de Walter Benjamin. Parte de la hipótesis de que, para comprender dicho vínculo, es necesario recurrir a la categoría de «mímesis» como mediación entre ellas. El abordaje de la mímesis busca recuperar su íntima relación con lo figurativo y la experiencia sensible, relegada frente al énfasis que los estudios sobre el tema han puesto en la filosofía del lenguaje. Con este objetivo, se indaga el diálogo velado de Benjamin con la tradición warburguiana, cuyo tema central es la imagen.Palabras claveBenjamin, Warburg, imagen dialéctica, recuerdo, mímesisAbstractIn this paper we research the connection between the concepts of «dialectical image» and «memory» in Walter Benjamin’s late work. We start from the hypothesis that, in order to understand this relationship, it is necessary to turn to the notion of «mimesis» as a link betweenthem. We draw attention to the intimate connection of mimesis with the figurative and sensible experience, generally left out by the studies that emphasize its relationship with the philosophy of language. To reach our aim we investigate the veiled dialogue between Benjamin and the Warburgian tradition, whose main topic is the image.KeywordsBenjamin, Warburg, dialectical image, memory, m

scholarly journals Geomagnetic and ionospheric data analysis over Antarctica: a contribution to the long term trends investigation

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1173-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Alfonsi ◽  
G. De Franceschi ◽  
A. De Santis
Keyword(s):  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Geomagnetic Reversal ◽  
Latitudinal Dependence ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract. The analysis of the foF2 ionosonde data acquired at mid and high latitudes reveals a general decreasing of the F2 plasma frequency over more than two solar cycles, showing steeper trends over the high latitude stations and, in particular, over Antarctica. A careful analysis of the foF2 hourly data, opportunely catalogued in different levels of magneto-ionospheric conditions, highlights the role of the geomagnetic activity in the secular change of the ionosphere and confirms the latitudinal dependence of the trends. These results suggest interesting relations with some recent findings on the rapid decrease of some important physical and statistical quantities related to the geomagnetic field over the whole globe and mainly in Antarctica. In this paper we discuss the possibility of a connection between the ionospheric trends and a possible imminent geomagnetic reversal or excursion.

THE KALAM COSMOLOGICAL ARGUMENT: CRITIQUING A RECENT DEFENCE

Think ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (57) ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
Phillip Halper
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Cosmological Argument ◽  
William Lane Craig ◽  
Kalam Cosmological Argument ◽  
Kalām Cosmological Argument ◽  
Big Bang Model ◽  
Ex Nihilo ◽  
Book Of Genesis ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

ABSTRACTIn the late 1970s the big bang model of cosmology was widely accepted and interpreted as implying the universe had a beginning. At the end of that decade William Lane Craig revived an argument for God known as the Kalam Cosmological Argument (KCA) based on this scientific consensus. Furthermore, he linked the big bang to the supposed biblical concept of creation ex nihilo found in Genesis. I shall critique Craig's position as expressed in a more recent update and argue that contemporary cosmology no longer understands the big bang as the ultimate beginning, seriously undermining the KCA. I will further contend that book of Genesis should not be understood as describing creation ex nihilo anyway.

scholarly journals MATACOMYTER

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bror Westman
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Gran Chaco ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Different Levels

Bror Westman: Mataco Myths Taking a point of departure in Levi-Strauss’ concept of the myth as movement in different ways, the article deals with Mataco myths as they have been recorded by Niels Fock during his field work among the Mataco of Gran Chaco in the northern part of Argentina between 1958 and 1962. The form of this body of myths is seen as one of variation and movement, and the contents are understood as dealing with becoming a human being, a cultural being. The figures Sipilak, the culture hero, and Tokuah, the bungler, play important roles in the myths. They incamate different principles, rule over different domains, create different phenomena, and act in different ways. Also the elements fire, water, air, and earth are dealt with in the myths. The universe of the myths is static, moving however between different levels, and the identities of the figures of the myths change. The myths are variations of each other and tell about the sensuous sides of life. The myths deal with concrete, tangible experience.  

scholarly journals THE FIRST FOUR DAYS: A SCIENTIFIC VIEW FOR THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Tianxi ZHANG ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Universe Model ◽  
Event Horizons ◽  
The Third ◽  
Entire Universe ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Hole Model ◽  
Book Of Genesis ◽  
Fundamental Forces ◽  
The Universe

The first four days of Genesis are scientifically interpreted according to the author’s well-developed black hole universe model. From this scientific view for the creation of the universe described in the book of Genesis, God in the first day created the space and time, matter and motion, charge and fundamental forces, energy and light for the infinite large entire universe. Then, in the second day, God hierarchically structured the entire universe by separating the matter and space with infinite layers that are bounded by event horizons and further formed our finite black hole universe. In the third day, God constructed the interiors of our finite black hole universe with planets, stars, galaxies, and clusters, etc. And, in the fourth day, God finally created our home planet Earth and the solar system and made lights including the Sun, Moon, and stars to give light to our universe and Earth. This up-to-date explanation to God’s creative work during the first four days has bridged the gap between Genesis and observations of the universe and brought us a scientific view and understanding on the book of Genesis. This innovative interpretation of Genesis also strongly supports the black hole universe model to be capable of revealing the mysteries of the universe. This is a synthetic article of the four papers recently published on IJTPS to interpret the first through fourth day of Genesis according to the black hole model of the universe.

scholarly journals Walter Benjamin: Analysis of the Concept of Adam State

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Yu Xie
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Garden Of Eden ◽  
Theological Thinking ◽  
Secular State

This paper attempts to provide an explanation about the concept of “Adam’s state” put forward by Walter Benjamin according to his theological thinking. Adam’s state is divided into Adam’s paradise state in the garden of Eden and Adam’s secular state after his fall. As the origin of human beings, paradise state is a harmonious, unified and perfect heaven state. The secular state is the broken exile life of mankind after Adam’s fall. The paradise state is the metaphysical basis of Benjamin’s philosophy of language, while the secular state is the background where Benjamin’s philosophy presents the fragmentary characteristics and points to the doctrine of redemption. Benjamin’s Adam state is not only an important content of Benjamin’s theology, but also one of the important logical dark lines of Benjamin’s thought. 

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