Effectiveness of Mobile Health Solutions in Lowering Glycated Hemoglobin and Resulting Economic Effects—A Review of the Current Literature

Background: In recent years, a variety of innovative solutions have been introduced that are designed to improve adherence to blood sugar testing among patients with diabetes, lower glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and decrease complications associated with diabetes mellitus. The value of lowering HbA1cin preventing long-term complications of diabetes is broadly recognized. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the peer-reviewed literature documenting both the efficacy of mobile health (mHealth) solutions in improving adherence and lowering HbA1c, along with the impact of lowering HbA1con near-term cost and complications of diabetes. Methodology: An extensive search of Index Medicus was performed in order to identify studies documenting the effectiveness of mHealth solutions in reducing HbA1cand documenting the effectiveness of reducing HbA1cin lowering near-term medical costs. Results: Six randomized controlled trials were identified in which the use of mobile monitoring solutions for blood glucose was tested against standard care. All demonstrated a reduction in HbA1c, ranging from 0.35–1.9 percentage points. Ten studies, primarily longitudinal and retrospective in nature, were identified, which evaluated the effectiveness of HbA1creduction on reducing near-term medical costs. Overall, moderate reduction in HbA1cappears to reduce medical costs by 10 % on average in commercially insured populations and 7 % on average in Medicare-age populations. Conclusions: mHealth interventions for diabetes show promise in reducing HbA1cacross multiple settings and achieving this clinical result is likely to result in reduction of near-term medical costs.

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Hypertension Education: An Important and Neglected Part of the Diabetes Education Curriculum?

The Diabetes Educator ◽

10.1177/014572179702300207 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 166-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Janet Hinson ◽

Kathy Riordan ◽

Donna Hemphill ◽

Carol Randolph ◽

Vivian Fonseca

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Management ◽

Diabetes Education ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Team Approach ◽

Education Curriculum ◽

Complications Of Diabetes ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Term Basis ◽

The Impact

This review highlights the important role of hypertension education in reducing the impact of hypertension on the development and progression of diabetes-related complications. Hypertension is commonly associated with diabetes mellitus and can significantly affect the progression of the complications of diabetes. Lifestyle changes similar to those recommended for diabetes management can result in a lowering of blood pressure and can be maintained on a long- term basis to benefit patients with diabetes and mild hypertension. Recently, a team approach in a hypertension clinic model similar to the team approach for diabetes treatment was shown to be effective in diabetes management. Increased awareness of hypertension education may contribute greatly to reducing the complications of diabetes. Hypertension education should be an important component of the diabetes education curriculum.

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Pension Reform in Russia: Assessing the Susceptibility of GDP Production to a Shift in the Number of the Working-Age Population

Economics and Management ◽

10.35854/1998-1627-2019-9-80-86 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 80-86

Author(s):

T. P. Skufina ◽

S. V. Baranov

Keyword(s):

Pension Reform ◽

Fixed Capital ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Pension Scheme ◽

Retirement Age ◽

Working Age ◽

Working Age Population ◽

Long Term Forecasting ◽

The Impact

The presented study considers the susceptibility of gross domestic product (GDP) production to a shift in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in retirement age starting with 2019.Aim. The study aims to examine the quantitative assessments of GDP production in Russia with allowance for the changes in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in the actual retirement age.Tasks. The authors forecast the number of the working-age population with allowance for an increase in the retirement age; develop a model to establish a correlation between the number of the workingage population, investment in fixed capital, and GDP production; quantify the impact of the shift in the number of the working-age population on GDP production in Russia. Methods. This study is based on the results of modeling and long-term forecasting.Results. An economic-mathematical model to establish a correlation between the number of the working-age population, investment in fixed capital, and GDP production is presented. To specify the economic effects of a shift in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in the retirement age, Russia’s GDP production is forecasted for the “old” and “new” (increased retirement age) pension scheme. The forecast is provided for three variants of the number of the working-age population.Conclusions. It is found that with the “old” pension scheme with a lower retirement age GDP production across all three variants will decrease by 2036 compared to 2017. With regard to the “new” scheme that increases the retirement age, it is concluded that an increase in the retirement age is a factor that facilitates GDP production. However, its effect on economic growth will be insignificant.

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Policies for incentivizing orbital debris assessment and remediation

10.38105/spr.16gdw8z5d4 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 8-14

Author(s):

Carson Bullock ◽

Robert Johanson

Keyword(s):

Financial Incentives ◽

Critical Time ◽

Orbital Debris ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Government Action ◽

Safety And Reliability ◽

Near Term ◽

Space Infrastructure ◽

The Impact

Space debris threatens to destroy valuable space infrastructure, but damages from debris are not an inevitability. The scientific community has ideas for how to prevent the creation of new debris and limit the impact of pre-existing debris, but it will take government action to see that vision through. This essay unpacks how we know what we know, in service of ultimately discussing how policy-makers can use predictions of the long-term risks posed by satellites and debris on the orbital environment to more effectively prescribe behavior for operators. Financial incentives for sustainability, including taxation and cap-and-trade systems, have the potential to greatly benefit the safety and reliability of space missions, but they carry a variety of political and economic challenges, particularly at the international level. Now is a critical time to determine a policy strategy for debris management, because negotiations in the near-term may set valuable precedents for controlling the next century of debris proliferation.

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Corruption, public debt and economic growth – evidence from developing countries

International Journal of Development Issues ◽

10.1108/ijdi-12-2019-0208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carole Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Public Debt ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Empirical Examination ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effect of corruption on public debt and economic growth in 20 developing countries over the period 1996-2018. Design/methodology/approach This study makes use of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to detect the long-term relationships, on the one hand, between corruption and public debt and, on the other hand, between corruption and economic growth. Findings The empirical results reveal that corruption increases the debt-to-GDP ratio and that the interactions between corruption and public revenues and between corruption and public spending have a positive influence on public debt in the long run. The estimations also show that high corruption hampers long-term economic growth and increases the negative effect of public debt on economic growth in developing countries. Originality/value While corruption is a prevalent phenomenon in most developing countries, the literature still lacks empirical examination of its economic effects. This study fills this gap with the aim of highlighting that high corruption hinders development in developing nations. This study also examines the impact of the interactions between corruption and components of the fiscal balance on public debt. Moreover, while the existing empirical literature uses regression techniques, this paper uses a panel ARDL approach to detect the long-term effects of corruption.

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1062-41 The impact of renal insufficiency on long-term survival of patients with diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(04)90199-4 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. A47

Author(s):

Jeffrey S Berger ◽

Timothy A Sanborn ◽

Warren Sherman ◽

David L Brown

Keyword(s):

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽

Renal Insufficiency ◽

Coronary Intervention ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

Percutaneous Coronary ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

The Impact

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Management of diabetes during natural emergencies

Journal of Social Health and Diabetes ◽

10.4103/2321-0656.130788 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 02 (02) ◽

pp. 067-069 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mintu Baruah ◽

K.V.S. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Hurricane Katrina ◽

Disaster Preparedness ◽

The Past ◽

Gas Leak ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Long Term Consequences ◽

Chronic Disorders ◽

The Impact

AbstractDisaster preparedness is an important but often a neglected part in the management of chronic disorders. India is facing an epidemic of diabetes and the patients with diabetes are also exposed to the risk of natural disaster along with other members of the society. India faced many disasters in the past including the Bhopal gas leak, Gujarat earthquake and Andaman tsunami. These disasters exposed the lacunae in the disaster preparedness and lead to devastating health consequences. Previous research focused more on the immediate, traumatic aspects of the disasters and neglected the impact on chronic disorders. The experience of managing diabetes after Hurricane Katrina gave important insights into the short and long term consequences of a disaster. Our article provides information about the impact of disasters on diabetes, difficulties in the management and suggested measures at various levels to improve the disaster preparedness.

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Empirical analysis of the fuzzy system model of financial expenditure economic effect

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-219075 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Liangguo Qiao ◽

Mingde Qi

Keyword(s):

Fiscal Policy ◽

Economic Effect ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Government Investment ◽

Short Run ◽

Dynamic Stochastic ◽

Investment Spending ◽

The Impact

In order to analyze the effects of active fiscal policy implemented in China in the context of tax and fee reduction, this paper adopts a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with microeconomic foundations to study the economic effects of fiscal policy based on a comprehensive consideration of the previous literature. The empirical study based on Matlab software finds that: first, active fiscal policy has a boosting effect on the economy and can stimulate the level of output to rise in the short run; second, different fiscal policy instruments have different impact mechanisms on economic variables, and the impact paths of government consumption spending and investment spending are completely inconsistent; third, the economic effects of government tax cut policies are better than government spending policies, and structural tax cut policy is softer than universal tax cuts; fourth, expansionary government investment spending has the most significant effect on output stimulation and has a very long-term impact on output level. Through the above model analysis, this paper argues that fiscal policy should play a greater role in supporting industrial restructuring, giving full play to the long-term advantages of the interest rate effect on the basis of satisfying society’s short-term needs and pursuing prosperous economic development, increasing investment in public resource areas, deepening industrial structural reforms, offsetting negative supply shocks brought by trade frictions and cross-border investment, raising long-term output levels and increasing employment opportunities.

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The long-term economic effects of pandemics: toward an evolutionary approach

Industrial and Corporate Change ◽

10.1093/icc/dtab064 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Beniamino Callegari ◽

Christophe Feder

Keyword(s):

Historical Analysis ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Evolutionary Approach ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Production Factors ◽

Institutional Impact ◽

The Impact ◽

Theoretical Foundations

Abstract COVID-19 has brought to the forefront of academic debates the consequences of pandemics and their appropriate policy responses. Using the PRISMA methodology, we provide a comprehensive review of the economic and historical analysis of the long-term economic consequences of pandemics. Mainstream economists focus on the impact of pandemics on production factors, finding a rich but contrasting set of mechanisms with overall negative or insignificant effects. Historians focus on the institutional impact, finding positive effects of pandemics when they trigger new socioeconomic arrangements. Evolutionary economists can integrate into the economic debate both historical elements and the complex biological characteristics of pandemics. We argue that the evolutionary approach provides new and fertile theoretical foundations to understand the phenomenon and develop effective policies.

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Infrastructure will not boost near-term Brazil growth

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db223907 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Infrastructure Investment ◽

Content Type ◽

Construction Companies ◽

Near Term ◽

Infrastructure Investments ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Poor Infrastructure

Subject Shortcomings in Brazilian infrastructure. Significance The quality of Brazil’s infrastructure is a key business complaint. Infrastructure is viewed as central to boosting the country’s long-term competitiveness, as well as a potential motor of recovery from the economic crisis. However, infrastructure investment remains low. This is due in part to the budgetary restrictions faced by the government, but also to the impact of corruption scandals on leading construction companies. Impacts Better roads, railways and ports will be central to boosting Brazil's exports, notably of primary commodities. Poor infrastructure will continue to affect both business and the daily life of ordinary citizens, particularly in remote regions. The execution of infrastructure investments could produce positive and long-lasting effects on the overall economy.

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