scholarly journals The long-term economic effects of pandemics: toward an evolutionary approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beniamino Callegari ◽  
Christophe Feder
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Institutional Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Abstract COVID-19 has brought to the forefront of academic debates the consequences of pandemics and their appropriate policy responses. Using the PRISMA methodology, we provide a comprehensive review of the economic and historical analysis of the long-term economic consequences of pandemics. Mainstream economists focus on the impact of pandemics on production factors, finding a rich but contrasting set of mechanisms with overall negative or insignificant effects. Historians focus on the institutional impact, finding positive effects of pandemics when they trigger new socioeconomic arrangements. Evolutionary economists can integrate into the economic debate both historical elements and the complex biological characteristics of pandemics. We argue that the evolutionary approach provides new and fertile theoretical foundations to understand the phenomenon and develop effective policies.

Pension Reform in Russia: Assessing the Susceptibility of GDP Production to a Shift in the Number of the Working-Age Population

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
T. P. Skufina ◽  
S. V. Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Pension Reform ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Long Term Forecasting ◽  
The Impact

The presented study considers the susceptibility of gross domestic product (GDP) production to a shift in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in retirement age starting with 2019.Aim. The study aims to examine the quantitative assessments of GDP production in Russia with allowance for the changes in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in the actual retirement age.Tasks. The authors forecast the number of the working-age population with allowance for an increase in the retirement age; develop a model to establish a correlation between the number of the workingage population, investment in fixed capital, and GDP production; quantify the impact of the shift in the number of the working-age population on GDP production in Russia. Methods. This study is based on the results of modeling and long-term forecasting.Results. An economic-mathematical model to establish a correlation between the number of the working-age population, investment in fixed capital, and GDP production is presented. To specify the economic effects of a shift in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in the retirement age, Russia’s GDP production is forecasted for the “old” and “new” (increased retirement age) pension scheme. The forecast is provided for three variants of the number of the working-age population.Conclusions. It is found that with the “old” pension scheme with a lower retirement age GDP production across all three variants will decrease by 2036 compared to 2017. With regard to the “new” scheme that increases the retirement age, it is concluded that an increase in the retirement age is a factor that facilitates GDP production. However, its effect on economic growth will be insignificant.

scholarly journals Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Barbara Frączek ◽  
Aleksandra Pięta ◽  
Adrian Burda ◽  
Paulina Mazur-Kurach ◽  
Florentyna Tyrała
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.

DIGITALIZATION AS A NEW PARADIGM OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
T. S. KOLMYKOVA ◽  
◽  
S. V. KLYKOVA ◽  
N. Yu. MAKAROV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
New Business ◽  
Structured Information

The article examines the substantive aspects of digitalization as a new paradigm of technical and technological development. The features that distinguish the digital economy are structured. Information, knowledge and digital data are key production factors. Digitalization is considered as a modern tool for ensuring economic growth. It leads to the emergence of positive effects: the emergence of new business models, the creation of a basis for breakthrough innovations, and ensuring competitiveness in the long term. The important role of the state in the implementation of largescale investments, which are the drivers of the development and implementation of digital technologies, was noted.

scholarly journals Natural disasters as a development opportunity: a spatial economic resilience interpretation

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-249
Author(s):  
Alexandru Bănică ◽  
Karima Kourtit ◽  
Peter Nijkamp
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Spatial Systems

AbstractNatural disasters are usually regarded as damage factors causing high private and social costs. Notwithstanding the incontestable validity of this premise, natural disasters do not necessarily lead to a structural deprivation of the area affected. Recent studies have clearly shown that in the long run one may even observe positive socio-economic effects (‘blessings in disguise’).This paper investigates this challenging proposition by developing a risk-disaster-opportunity framework for a territorial system, and by analysing the socio-economic impacts of natural shocks from a resilience perspective. This is inter alia done by designing a typology of natural disasters, and by presenting a systematic classification of long-range impacts.An empirical test of the above proposition of positive recovery effects of natural disasters is carried out by using, in particular, long-term data from the worldwide EM-DAT database. The attention is then focussed on positive feedback loops in spatial systems that are affected by a natural perturbation. Various case studies (USA, China, Haiti, Chile, Japan) are undertaken in order to test the existence of long-term ‘blessings in disguise’ effects, using in particular the HDI-index. In various cases, such positive effects appear to exist, depending on the effectiveness of public management of natural disaster phenomena.

scholarly journals The Impact of an Outdoor and Adventure Sports Course on the Wellbeing of Recovering UK Military Personnel: An Exploratory Study

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Kaiseler ◽  
Chris Kay ◽  
Jim McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adventure Sports

UK military personnel have faced increased demands over the last three decades; these have affected their wellbeing and caused multiple physical and mental health problems. Currently, bespoke rehabilitation systems may recommend participation in sports programmes. Although research attention has been drawn to the short-term positive effects of these programmes, their long-term impact on psychological wellbeing is unknown. To address this gap, the current study explored the long-term impact of a sports programme on UK military personnel’s ability to make changes in their day-to-day life through the lens of psychological wellbeing. For this purpose, UK military personnel (n = 97) completed an online survey aiming to provide a quantitative and qualitative picture of their experiences of an outdoor and adventure sports programme, underpinned by the basic psychological needs theory, six months following completion. Findings suggest that 75% of respondents found that the course was useful for facilitating adaptive changes. Content analysis suggests that elements of the course seem to satisfy their basic psychological needs of competence, relatedness and autonomy. Activities initiated six months after the course are mostly aligned with improved psychological wellbeing. Useful theoretical and applied implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Scoping Review of Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems in Reducing Medical Errors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisoo Alizadeh ◽  
Adineh Jafarzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Farough Khosravi
Keyword(s):  
Medication Errors ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Order Entry ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physician Order Entry ◽  
The Impact

Background: Medical errors have dramatic clinical and economic consequences. Using various information technology can reduce medical errors and improve services’ quality via preventing medical errors. In this study, the role of a computerized medical order entry system was investigated in reducing medical errors. Methods: This study was conducted as a scoping review. The research question was formulated; then, the inclusion and exclusion criteria, keywords (such as medical errors, adverse event, physician order entry system and control) and search strategy were determined. International databases(Scopus, ProQuest, and PubMed) and manual searches were used. The studies that had the inclusion criteria were entered into the study and were evaluated qualitatively, then information of studies was extracted and summarized. Results: In total, 16 studies were included. Most studies were about medication errors and adverse medication events. So, it is possible to claim more confidently about reducing medication errors to adverse medication events, since in studies, the impact of this system on medication errors had been further discussed. Some studies have pointed to an increase in error reports due to better checking and error entry with this system, and in general, the positive impact of this action has been mentioned in minimizing errors, especially medication errors and adverse medication events. Positive and significant effects have also been reported on prescribing errors, especially medication prescriptions. Conclusion: Computerization of medical orders through its positive effects, can be considered a useful and appropriate intervention in increasing patient safety if implemented completely and correctly.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Using Various Recovery Stimulation Methods to Boost Nitrification Recovery in SBRs Inhibited by Hazardous Events

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Hoang-Duy Nguyen ◽  
Chih-Chi Yang ◽  
Khanh-Chau Dao ◽  
Van-Phat Le ◽  
Yung-Pin Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Feed Strategy ◽  
Salinity Shock ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Feed Volume

A system consisting of six SBR units was operated in parallel for three phases to investigate the impacts of salinity shock and anaerobic and aerobic starvation on the activated sludge process stability and effects of various recovery stimulation methods on the subsequent recovery period. Different recovery strategies were applied in each SBR unit, including natural recovery, adding bio-accelerators, a stepwise increase feed strategy, a stepwise strategy coupled with bio-accelerators dosing, extended aeration time, and extended aeration time coupled with bio-accelerators dosing. It was concluded that the combination of stepwise strategy and dosing bio-accelerators showed the most efficiency in boosting system recovery after being subjected to NaCl shock and starvation. The boosting effect of the stepwise strategy alone was slightly better in recovery after NaCl shock. Furthermore, extending the aeration rate could bring more positive effects when resuscitating the system after long-term anaerobic starvation. For the unit that only received dosing of bio-accelerators during the recovery period, it could be concluded that there was a specific time requirement for the bio-accelerators to take effect significantly, as the impact of bio-accelerators on the beginning days of recovery periods was very slight. In contrast, adjusting operational regimes such as stepwise increased feed volume or extending aeration time could significantly boost the SBRs from the first recovery days. Hence, highly effective recovery efficiency could be achieved by coupling dosing bio-accelerators with other operational adjustment methods, especially stepwise strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of Self-Talk Training on Competitive Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, Volitional Skills, and Performance: An Intervention Study with Junior Sub-Elite Athletes

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Walter ◽  
Lucie Nikoleizig ◽  
Dorothee Alfermann
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Self-talk (ST) is used to influence athletes’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Samples of squad and competitive athletes are underrepresented, although research has proven the positive effects of ST in the context of sports. Thus, the present study focused on the impact of ST on psychological and performance outcomes of junior sub-elite athletes. (2) Methods: N = 117 athletes (55 females, 62 males; M = 16.0 years) were randomly assigned to either one of two experimental groups or to a control group (n = 30). The experimental groups received an ST intervention for either one week (n = 36) or eight weeks (n = 38), and the control group received no ST training. The dependent variables (competitive anxiety, volitional skills, self-efficacy, and coaches’ performance ratings) were assessed three times before and after the intervention. It was expected that (a) an ST intervention would reduce the competitive anxiety and increase volitional skills, self-efficacy, and performance; and, (b) long-term training would lead to higher effects than short-term training. (3) Results: As expected, ST training led to (less) somatic state anxiety and (higher) state self-confidence, self-optimization, self-efficacy, and performance. Additionally, long-term training was more effective than short-term training. (4) Conclusions: Targeted ST interventions may help to improve junior athletes’ psychological states and performance.

Corruption, public debt and economic growth – evidence from developing countries

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effect of corruption on public debt and economic growth in 20 developing countries over the period 1996-2018. Design/methodology/approach This study makes use of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to detect the long-term relationships, on the one hand, between corruption and public debt and, on the other hand, between corruption and economic growth. Findings The empirical results reveal that corruption increases the debt-to-GDP ratio and that the interactions between corruption and public revenues and between corruption and public spending have a positive influence on public debt in the long run. The estimations also show that high corruption hampers long-term economic growth and increases the negative effect of public debt on economic growth in developing countries. Originality/value While corruption is a prevalent phenomenon in most developing countries, the literature still lacks empirical examination of its economic effects. This study fills this gap with the aim of highlighting that high corruption hinders development in developing nations. This study also examines the impact of the interactions between corruption and components of the fiscal balance on public debt. Moreover, while the existing empirical literature uses regression techniques, this paper uses a panel ARDL approach to detect the long-term effects of corruption.

ANTI-CRISIS SCENARIO TECHNOLOGIES OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN THE PANDEMIC PERIOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Sarkisyan ◽  
◽  
Maya A. Tikhonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Small Business Management ◽  
Difficult Times ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scenario Approach

The article discusses the possibilities of applying the scenario approach to anti-crisis management in the short term. The object of the study is small business as the most affected business segment in the pandemic, which requires actions adequate to the current crisis situation within the framework of the formed set for the implementation of anti-crisis actions. This will reduce the impact of uncertainty and reduce the economic consequences of business interruptions or lower revenues, as well as design scenarios and corresponding strategies for overcoming the crisis or development strategies in order to renew the business in the long term after the crisis while maintaining control over the current situation, taking into account the requirements of a quick response. Scenarios are a useful tool for the innovation and business community anywhere, but in these difficult times they open up the mindset for positive and offensive action instead of defensive, threat-based behavior. The scenarios accommodated unexpected changes in the business environment.

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