Energy Performance Assessment of Innovative Building Solutions Coming from Construction and Demolition Waste Materials

Prefabricated solutions incorporating thermal insulation are increasingly adopted as an energy conservation measure for building renovation. The InnoWEE European project developed three technologies from Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) materials through a manufacturing process that supports the circular economy strategy of the European Union. Two of them consisted of geopolymer panels incorporated into an External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) and a ventilated façade. This study evaluates their thermal performance by means of monitoring data from three pilot case studies in Greece, Italy, and Romania, and calibrated building simulation models enabling the reliable prediction of energy savings in different climates and use scenarios. Results showed a reduction in energy demand for all demo buildings, with annual energy savings up to 25% after placing the novel insulation solutions. However, savings are highly dependent on weather conditions since the panels affect cooling and heating loads differently. Finally, a parametric assessment is performed to assess the impact of insulation thickness through an energy performance prediction and a cash flow analysis.

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Impacts of Microclimate Conditions on the Energy Performance of Buildings in Urban Areas

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings9080189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 189 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Javanroodi ◽

M.Nik

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Urban Morphology ◽

Weather Data ◽

Architectural Form ◽

Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽

Microclimate Conditions ◽

The Impact

Urbanization trends have changed the morphology of cities in the past decades. Complex urban areas with wide variations in built density, layout typology, and architectural form have resulted in more complicated microclimate conditions. Microclimate conditions affect the energy performance of buildings and bioclimatic design strategies as well as a high number of engineering applications. However, commercial energy simulation engines that utilize widely-available mesoscale weather data tend to underestimate these impacts. These weather files, which represent typical weather conditions at a location, are mostly based on long-term metrological observations and fail to consider extreme conditions in their calculation. This paper aims to evaluate the impacts of hourly microclimate data in typical and extreme climate conditions on the energy performance of an office building in two different urban areas. Results showed that the urban morphology can reduce the wind speed by 27% and amplify air temperature by more than 14%. Using microclimate data, the calculated outside surface temperature, operating temperature and total energy demand of buildings were notably different to those obtained using typical regional climate model (RCM)–climate data or available weather files (Typical Meteorological Year or TMY), i.e., by 61%, 7%, and 21%, respectively. The difference in the hourly peak demand during extreme weather conditions was around 13%. The impact of urban density and the final height of buildings on the results are discussed at the end of the paper.

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Construction Waste Production in Macroeconomic Context

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1203 (2) ◽

pp. 022080

Author(s):

Martin Marek ◽

Jana Korytárová

Keyword(s):

National Economy ◽

Point Of View ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

Total Production ◽

The European Union ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Construction Waste ◽

Waste Production ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

Abstract This article aims at presenting the economic impacts of implementing the basic principles of construction demolition waste management in terms of saving construction costs. Emphasis is placed on fulfilling the 3R principle, i.e. reducing waste, reusing it, and recycling resources and products. Construction and demolition waste represents the largest mass waste flow in the EU, e.g. in 2018, it represented 36% of the total waste production in the whole EU- 27. The European Union is gradually introducing measures to reduce the production of construction waste compared to the Czech Republic, where the share of construction demolition waste on the total production was up to 42% in 2018. This value exceeds the EU-27 average. The article analyses available statistical data from the national CZSO and the European statistical office EUROSTAT on the waste production classified according to EWC-STAT, which is a classification of waste according to Directive No. 2150/2002. Items monitoring the waste produced by the construction industry are listed on the 41st to 43rd place of the EWC-STAT list of all monitored waste. The data obtained allows comparing three branches of construction production, the 41st Building construction, 42nd Civil engineering, and 43rd Specialized construction activities. Another possibility to obtain data is to use a division according to the waste producer economic activity (CZ NACE). The data obtained in this way is compared with the performance indicators of the national economy. By comparing the size of the construction demolition waste production with the performance of the national economy (especially the GDP indicator), the degree of their interdependence was determined. The aim of the analysis is to assess the relation between the country’s economic performance and the production of construction and demolition waste. The next step was to perform an analysis from the point of view of the 3R principle in order to examine the impact of measures to reduce the construction demolition waste production in connection with the already initiated processes of its possible recycling or reuse.

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Assessing the Energy Efficiency Potential of Recycled Materials with Construction and Demolition Waste: A Spanish Case Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11177809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 7809

Author(s):

César Porras-Amores ◽

Patricia Martin Garcia ◽

Paola Villoria Sáez ◽

Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽

Veronica Vitielo

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Research Work ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

The European Union ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Recycled Materials ◽

Energy Efficiency Potential

Buildings are responsible for 40% of the overall final energy consumption in the European Union. On the other hand, the construction, energy, and industry sectors generate around 50% of the waste produced in Europe, out of which a third part is construction and demolition waste (CDW). In recent years, many research works have been carried out to analyze the viability of incorporating waste, especially CDW, as a substitute for traditional raw materials with great environmental impact. However, most of the studies found cover only the mechanical characterization of the compound, and there are very few that analyze these materials in specific building applications. This research work evaluates the energy efficiency potential of recycled materials with CDW. After an exhaustive analysis of the main existing recycled materials, an energetic evaluation of several construction solutions is carried out, as well as a comparison with traditional solutions. The findings show that the incorporation of recycled materials in several building construction elements is a success, since it not only reduces the consumption of raw materials, but also reduces the energy consumption of the building. Energy savings using recycled materials can range from 8% in a warm region (such as Seville) up to 13% in cold regions (such as Soria), which are greater in heating than in cooling.

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Decision-Making Processes in Controlling Exposure to Sunlight Supported by Simulation Tools: A Case Study in Warm Weather

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14144100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4100

Author(s):

Mariana Huskinson ◽

Antonio Galiano-Garrigós ◽

Ángel Benigno González-Avilés ◽

M. Isabel Pérez-Millán

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Global Analysis ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Information Modeling ◽

The European Union ◽

Evaluation Tool ◽

Simulation Tools ◽

Building Information ◽

The Impact

Improving the energy performance of existing buildings is one of the main strategies defined by the European Union to reduce global energy costs. Amongst the actions to be carried out in buildings to achieve this objective is working with passive measures adapted to each type of climate. To assist designers in the process of finding appropriate solutions for each building and location, different tools have been developed and since the implementation of building information modeling (BIM), it has been possible to perform an analysis of a building’s life cycle from an energy perspective and other types of analysis such as a comfort analysis. In the case of Spain, the first BIM environment tool has been implemented that deals with the global analysis of a building’s behavior and serves as an alternative to previous methods characterized by their lack of both flexibility and information offered to designers. This paper evaluates and compares the official Spanish energy performance evaluation tool (Cypetherm) released in 2018 using a case study involving the installation of sunlight control devices as part of a building refurbishment. It is intended to determine how databases and simplifications affect the designer’s decision-making. Additionally, the yielded energy results are complemented by a comfort analysis to explore the impact of these improvements from a users’ wellbeing viewpoint. At the end of the process the yielded results still confirm that the simulation remains far from reality and that simulation tools can indeed influence the decision-making process.

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3 Tackling Demolition Waste – An en route to Sustainable Development

Sir Syed Research Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.33317/ssurj.v8i1.34 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Nadia Qamar ◽

Ayesha Alam Khurram

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Material Flow ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Material Flow Analysis ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

Water Tank ◽

Demolition Waste

In Pakistan, construction and demolition waste(CDW) is generated in voluminous amount each year. CDW iswidely ill-handled and ultimately fed to landfills causing harm tothe already alarming environmental conditions. In order tosearch for the solution of this drastic matter, a study was done,which is explained in this paper. This paper presents the studydone at a demolition site near Karachi, in Sindh while thedemolition works were being carried out. At the site there wereold barracks which were being demolished. Before the demolitionworks were commenced, the site was surveyed and structuralcomponents of the barracks were counted and their dimensionswere measured. When the demolition was over, the demolishedwaste was calculated which comprised of concrete and masonryrubble, steel round bars, steel doors, steel windows, steel ceiling,steel girders, steel main gate, and plastic water tank. This studyinterpreted that construction and demolition (C&D) works wereprogressing considering the works’ deadline and the clients’requirements but the ecosystem’s ecology and the environmentalhealth were not taken into account. Recommendations are madeto handle CDW properly throughout its lifecycle. Theserecommendations aim to provide technological and logicalsolutions to grip CDW. The recommendations include wastereduction and reusing waste, life cycle assessment and costing,environmental and economic impact, material flow analysis, andadvanced computerized-tools.

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Analysis of Energy Sources on Energy Indicators Performance

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.198 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 861 ◽

pp. 198-205

Author(s):

Anton Pitonak ◽

Martin Lopusniak

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Hot Water ◽

Energy Class ◽

The European Union ◽

Total Consumption ◽

Minimum Requirements ◽

Global Indicator

In the members states of the European Union, portion of buildings in the total consumption of energy represents 40%, and their portion in CO2 emissions fluctuates around 35%. The European Union is trying to protect the environment by reducing energy demand and releasing CO2 emissions into the air. Energy performance is the quantity of energy, which is necessary for heating and domestic hot water production, for cooling and ventilation and for lighting. Based on results of energy performance, individual buildings are classified into energy classes A to G. A global indicator (primary energy) is the decisive factor for final evaluation of the building. The new building must meet minimum requirements for energy performance, i.e. it must be classified to energy class A1 since 2016, and to energy class A0 since 2020. The paper analyses effect of the use of different resources of heat in a family house designed according to requirements valid since 2020, and its subsequent classification into an energy class.

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The State of the Art of Material Flow Analysis Research Based on Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling and Disposal

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings9100207 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 207 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dongming Guo ◽

Lizhen Huang

Keyword(s):

Material Flow ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Material Flow Analysis ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

Waste Processing ◽

City Development ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Sustainable City

Construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) are widely recognized as the main form municipal solid waste, and its recycling and reuse are an important issue in sustainable city development. Material flow analysis (MFA) can quantify materials flows and stocks, and is a useful tool for the analysis of construction and demolition waste management. In recent years, material flow analysis has been continually researched in construction and demolition waste processing considering both single waste material and mixed wastes, and at regional, national, and global scales. Moreover, material flow analysis has had some new research extensions and new combined methods that provide dynamic, robust, and multifaceted assessments of construction and demolition waste. In this paper, we summarize and discuss the state of the art of material flow analysis research in the context of construction and demolition waste recycling and disposal. Furthermore, we also identify the current research gaps and future research directions that are expected to promote the development of MFA for construction and demolition waste processing in the field of sustainable city development.

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Circular Economy on Construction and Demolition Waste: A Literature Review on Material Recovery and Production

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13132970 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 2970 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Clarence P. Ginga ◽

Jason Maximino C. Ongpeng ◽

Ma. Klarissa M. Daly

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Business Models ◽

Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽

Traditional Approach ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

The European Union ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Material Recovery ◽

New Construction

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) accounts for at least 30% of the total solid waste produced around the world. At around 924 million tons in the European Union in 2016 and 2.36 billion tons in China in 2018, the amount is expected to increase over the next few years. Dumping these wastes in sanitary landfills has always been the traditional approach to waste management but this will not be feasible in the years to come. To significantly reduce or eliminate the amount of CDW being dumped, circular economy is a possible solution to the increasing amounts of CDW. Circular economy is an economic system based on business models which replaces the end-of-life concept with reducing, reusing, recycling, and recovering materials. This paper discusses circular economy (CE) frameworks—specifically material recovery and production highlighting the reuse and recycling of CDW and reprocessing into new construction applications. Likewise, a literature review into recent studies of reuse and recycling of CDW and its feasibility is also discussed to possibly prove the effectivity of CE in reducing CDW. Findings such as effectivity of recycling CDW into new construction applications and its limitations in effective usage are discussed and research gaps such as reuse of construction materials are also undertaken. CE and recycling were also found to be emerging topics. Observed trends in published articles as well as the use of latent Dirichlet allocation in creating topic models have shown a rising awareness and increasing research in CE which focuses on recycling and reusing CDW.

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The Response of Small Manufacturers to the Energy Environment — an Exploratory Study

American Journal of Small Business ◽

10.1177/104225877800300203 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 16-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samuel I. Doctors ◽

Liam Fahey ◽

G. Richard Patton

Keyword(s):

Energy Conservation ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Energy Intensity ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Improve Energy Efficiency ◽

Inhibiting Factors ◽

Energy Environment ◽

The Impact ◽

Small Manufacturers

This research examines the impact of the severe energy/weather conditions during the Winter 1976–77 on smaller manufacturers in Western Pennsylvania. It was found that size of firm, energy intensity and extent of energy curtailment were not related (statistically) to the kind and extent of firms' energy conservation programs and/or the nature of the managerial response to the above mentioned conditions. The sample firms had made few major commitments to improve energy efficiency. Lack of capital resources and a perception that energy savings would not significantly affect profitability emerge as major inhibiting factors to investment in energy conservation.

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Energy Conservation Potential of Economizer Controls Using Optimal Outdoor Air Fraction Based on Field Study

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13195038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 5038

Author(s):

Goopyo Hong ◽

Chul Kim ◽

Jun Hong

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Conservation ◽

Temperature Control ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Cooling System ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Differential Enthalpy ◽

The Impact

In commercial buildings, HVAC systems are becoming a primary driver of energy consumption, which already account for 45% of the total building energy consumption. In the previous literature, researchers have studied several energy conservation measures to reduce HVAC system energy consumption. One of the effective ways is an economizer in air-handling units. Therefore, this study quantified the impact of the outdoor air fraction by economizer control type in cooling system loads based on actual air-handling unit operation data in a hospital. The optimal outdoor air fraction and energy performance for economizer control types were calculated and analyzed. The result showed that economizer controls using optimal outdoor air fraction were up to 45% more efficient in cooling loads than existing HVAC operations in the hospital. The energy savings potential was 6–14% of the differential dry-bulb temperature control, 17–27% of the differential enthalpy control, 8–17% of the differential dry-bulb temperature and high-limit differential enthalpy control, and 16–27% of the differential enthalpy and high-limit differential dry-bulb temperature control compared to the no economizer control. The result of this study will contribute to providing a better understanding of economizer controls in the hospital when the building operates in hot-humid climate regions.

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