scholarly journals Authentication, Micromorphology and Ultrastructure of Pollen Grains and Seeds of Endemic Taxa in Saint Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 359-370
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. El-Khalafy
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Seed Colour ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
South Sinai

The endemic taxa were restricted to a specific geographic region and they are essential for setting conservation priorities. This study aimed to update the endemic taxa list in Saint Katherine Protectorate (SKP) depending on literature reviews, field trips and herbaria consultation. Other characters also recorded viz, sex forms, dispersal types and flowering time. Also, the morphological characters of the pollen grains and seeds were examined and photographed using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the mineral composition of pollens and seeds was detected using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The updated list included 13 taxa belonging to 11 genera and 8 families. All the recorded taxa were bisexual; ballochores were the most represented dispersal type. There was a gradual increase in the endemic taxa from March to August while decreasing from October to February. Pollens were isopolar and medium in size. They possessed colpate, colporate, or porate aperatus, as well as reticulate exine sculpture. Furthermore, operculum and margo were absent in most of the pollens. The seed colour ranged from light brown to black; elliptic; basal hilum; polygonal and irregular-shaped seeds were the most represented. All previous characters were diagnosed at generic and specific levels, which helped in the construction of artificial keys to facilitate the differentiation between the studied taxa. The present study has the priority in describing pollens and seeds of Astragalus fresenii and Micromeria serbaliana, in addition to the description of the seeds of Ballota kaiseri. The presence and percentage of twelve elements detected by EDX differed significantly within the investigated pollen grains and seeds. The present data indicated that pollen grains and seeds of studied taxa had high percentages of carbon, oxygen, phosphorous, magnesium, nitrogen and calcium. This study is the first attempt using EDX technique with these taxa. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

A natural intergeneric hybrid of Gesneriaceae from Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 497 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
ANDRÉA ONOFRE DE ARAUJO ◽  
MAURO PEIXOTO ◽  
CINTIA NEVES DE SOUZA ◽  
EDUARDO CUSTÓDIO GASPARINO ◽  
JULIANA TOLEDO FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

A natural hybrid between Goyazia and Mandirola (Gloxiniinae, Gesneriaceae) from Cerrado (Brazil) is here described, supported by pollen morphology, cytological data and morphological characters. The microsporogenesis of Mandirola hirsuta and that of the hybrid were analyzed in order to evaluate the cytogenetic characteristics. The haploid chromosome numbers observed were n = 12 for M. hirsuta and n = 11, 13, 16 and 26 for the hybrid. Structural abnormalities (monads, dyads, triads and micronuclei) were observed at the final of the hybrid’s meiosis. High viability rates of the pollen were recorded for Goyazia and Mandirola (>90%) and low viability for the hybrid (34.7%). The pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured and photographed for pollen morphology analysis. Quantitative pollen data were analyzed through descriptive and multivariate statistics. The hybrid has intermediate pollen characteristics between G. petraea and M. hirsuta; it is more related to G. petraea by the measures of diameters and ectoapertures; it is more similar to M. hirsuta mainly regarding the microreticulum on the mesocolpium region. The hybrid and Mandirola share vegetative and flower size, while the colors of the hybrid are similar to Goyazia. Pollen morphology, cytological data and morphological characters brought clear evidence for the recognition of the intergeneric hybrid, which we named as Goydirola x punctata.

scholarly journals Quality Control Assessment of an Ayurvedic Medicine - Durvadi Ghrita

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-758
Author(s):  
Sangita Kamaliya ◽  
Vaghela D B ◽  
Harisha C R ◽  
Shukla V J
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Background: Durvadi Ghrita is a Sneha Kalpana which is claimed to be effective in Madhumehajanya Timira (Diabetic Retinopathy).  In present study, it has been used for Nasya. Objective: Present study was planned to look out on herbal drugs used in the preparation of Durvadi Ghrita and standardization of drug by pharmacognostical and physicochemical parameters and HPTLC evaluation. Methods: Identification and authentication of all the raw drug was done by pharmacognostical study i.e. morphological characters, organoleptic characters and powder microscopy. Physicochemical evaluation and HPTLC of final product were done. Results: Pharmacognostical study of all the raw drugs of Durvadi Ghrita showed presence of oil globule, prismatic crystals of Durva. Lignified branched trichome, pollen grains of Utpala Kinjalaka. Trichome, border pitted vessels of Manjishtha. Collenchyma cells, border pitted vessel of Elvaluka. Lignified fibres, oil globules of Sita. Pitted fibres, pitted vessels of Usheera. Scalariform vessels, prismatic crystals of Musta. Pitted vessels and lignified fibres, crystal fibres of Chandana. Lignified cork, and stone cells of Padmaka etc. Pharmaceutical evaluation of Durvadi Ghrita showed results Specific Gravity 0.9125, Refractive Index 1.47, Acid Value 0.4608, Iodine Value 11.45 and Saponification Value 128.856. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, 12 spots were found at 254 nm and five spots were found at 366 nm. Conclusion: Identification and authentication of herbal drug used in the preparation of Durvadi Ghrita has been done. Pharmacognostical and physicochemical evaluation of prepared drug has been carried out which can be further useful for standardization of Durvadi Ghrita and other clinical researches.

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of the Polish species of the genus Ribes L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Wrońska-Pilarek
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Prolate Spheroidal ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Grain Diameter

This paper presents results of studies on pollen morphology of 6 Polish species of the genus Ribes L. (family Grossulariaceae). Observations were carried out with LM and SEM. Pollen diagnoses were illustrated by series of microphotographs. Grains of examined species are small to medium-sized and prolate spheroidal or subprolate in shape, rarely prolate. They represent three pollen classes: zonocolporate, pantoaperturate and pantoporate. Three types of ectoapertures have been observed: colpi, pori and colpoids. Endoapertures are pori, in number (4-) 6-7-8 (-14) per grain. Ornamentation is psilate or fossulate, with the exception of the ectoaperture areas, which are granulate. According to the author, the polarity or apolarity, type of pollen class and ectoaperture, number of endopori and ratio of exine thickness to grain diameter are the main diagnostic features of the pollen grains of the native species of Ribes. The key to Polish species, basing on the morphological characters of grains is given too.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF SOME ANTICANCER PLANTS POLLEN GRAINS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1386-1393
Author(s):  
Jayshree Sandesh Thaware ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pollen is appropriately referred by some as Golden dust extremely valuable on account of their tremendous applications in science, industries and public health. No other plant part even though extremely tiny in size is packed with so much information and power. Similar to other plant parts, pollen characters are so varied that the classification system of plants can be built up entirely on the basis of pollen morphology.Palynology is the distinct branch of biology that deals with the dispersed microscopic tiny living and fossil entities including pollen grains, spores, algal and fungal fragments and others. An important aspect of Palynology is the Pollen morphology. The importance of Palynology in taxonomic and phylogenetic consideration of plants is well known. The changes occurring through hybridization and years of cultivation are reflected in pollen morphology. The scope and interest in the study of pollen morphology have widened with the advent of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and with regards to unipalynous taxa particularly the understanding of finer morphology is of fundamental importance. SEM gives a correct understanding of exine surface as the electron photographs of the surface replica of the exine provides the exact picture of the ornamentation pattern. The variation in the pollen morphological characters helps in the classification of plant taxa and their assessment of their phylogenetic relationship. In the present investigation, the pollen morphological studies were carried out of some ethnomedicinal plants like Catharanthus roseus, Allamanda cathartica, Datura metel, Brassica juncea, Raphanus sativus and Cleome viscosa pollen grains by Scanning electron microscopy. All that they possess anticancer characteristics in common.

Cytological identification of some trisomics of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea)

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Zhi Wei ◽  
W. F. Campbell ◽  
G. J. Scoles ◽  
A. E. Slinkard ◽  
R. Ruey-Chyi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Double Deletion ◽  
Russian Wildrye

Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski (2n = 2x = 14; NsNs), is an important forage grass and a potential source of germplasm for cereal crop improvement. Because of genetic heterogeneity as a result of its self-incompatibility, it is difficult to identify trisomics of this diploid species based on morphological characters alone. Putative trisomies (2n = 2x + 1 = 15), derived from open pollination of a triploid plant by pollen grains of diploid plants, were characterized by Giemsa C-banding. Based on both karyotypic criteria and C-banding patterns, four of the seven possible primary trisomics, a double-deletion trisomic, and two tertiary trisomics were identified.Key words: Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea, trisomic, C-banding, karyotype.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Variations in Calligonum comosumL`Her (Polygonaceae) Grown in Al-Nefud Desert in Saudi Arabia

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Taia ◽  
S. A. I. Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Phenotypic Variations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cleome Arabica ◽  
Response To Change ◽  
Eleven Species

Vegetative community structures and phenotypic variations within Calligonum comosum L`Her individuals grown in two different locations in Al-Nefud desert in Saudi Arabia; Nefud Al-Shakika and Al-Dahnaa, have been studied. Eleven species have been recorded in both areas; five of them were present in both locations. Ephedra elata and Convolvulus lanatus were recorded in Nefud Al-Shakika only. While Heliotropium bacciferum, Cleome arabica, Dodonaea viscosa and Erodium gleurocophyllum were found in Al-Dahnaa only. The importance values of the species recorded have been calculated and cluster analyses of the studied quadrates have been made using TWINSPAN method. Vegetative morphological characters showed great variations within C. comosum collected from the two locations. Floral morphological characters are more stable, except the fruit colour and hair which was different in the C. comosum plants grown in the two locations. Epidermal stem secretions as well as mineral contents varied in response to change in locations. ANOVA test have been carried out to evaluate the differences between the two areas. The variations in these characters are discussed according to the difference in climates, soil characters and water availability. Keywords: Phenotypic variation; Vegetative morphology; Fruit morphology; Pollen grains; Mineral contents; Al-Nefud- Al-Dahnaa. © 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7010                 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 421-435 (2011)

scholarly journals Multifrequency Monitoring of the Blazar PKS 2005-489

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Rector ◽  
Eric Perlman ◽  
Rita Sambruna ◽  
Greg Madejski ◽  
Frederik Rantakyro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Spectral Variability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Monitoring Campaign ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Complex Flux

AbstractWe present a multifrequency monitoring campaign of PKS 2005–489, a bright and highly variable blazar. Simultaneous observations were completed over a 13 day period in the X-ray with RXTE, in the optical at the CTIO 0.9 m telescope, at TeV energies with CANGAROO-II, and at submillimetre wavelengths with SEST. Previous multiwavelength monitoring campaigns of PKS 2005–489 and other blazars have found complex flux and spectral variability behaviour, with different modes and timescales from days to hours and shorter.PKS 2005–489 was observed in transition from a quiescent state into the early stages of a flare. A gradual increase in flux density was observed at optical and X-ray wavelengths during 19–27 August 2000, and a dramatic increase in X-ray emission was observed starting on 2 September 2000. Intraday and spectral variability were not detected during the campaign.

Thermal stability of nanocrystalline WC–Co powder synthesized by using mechanical milling at low temperature

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 478-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhong He ◽  
Leoanardo Ajdelsztajn ◽  
Enrique J. Lavernia
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Mechanical Milling ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cryomilled Powder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Nanostructured WC–18% Co powder was synthesized by using cryogenic mechanical milling, and the thermal stability of the nanostructured powder was investigated in detail. The results indicated that the as-synthesized WC–18% Co powder had an average WC particle size of 25 nm. Growth of WC particles occurred above 873 K; however, the average WC particle size remained smaller than 100 nm in the powder isothermally heated for 4 h at 1273 K. Thermal exposure in air at T < 623 K did not result in significant oxidation of the cryomilled powder. The thermal exposure did promote the formation of WO2 and WO3 oxides. The Co6W6C phase was detected by x-ray diffraction in the powder heated in nitrogen at 1273 K, and the phases associated with decarburization of WC, such as W2C, W3C phases, were not observed. With increasing temperature, the dissolution of W and C elements in the Co matrix led to a gradual increase in {111} crystallographic plane spacing, eventually leading to the formation of an amorphous phase.

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of Myrtaceae visited by social bees

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Andreia Santos do Nascimento ◽  
Carlos Alfredo Lopes de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Pollen Spectrum ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Equatorial Diameter ◽  
Polar Diameter

This study aimed to characterize species of Myrtaceae belonging to genera already identified in the pollen spectrum of beehive products of social bees, describing pollen grains morphology and correlating with taxonomic differences the species reported in the literature. For each plant species, measurements were made with 25 pollen grains in equatorial view and the polar diameter (PD) and equatorial diameter (ED) were measured. The exine thickness was obtained by measuring 10 pollen grains in polar view at the medium height of mesocolpium. The description of pollen morphology showed that pollen grains of the species are triangular amb, 3-colporates, psilate surface, small to medium size and oblate shape with the P/E ratio ranging from 0.52 to 0.72 µm. The morphological description of Myrtaceae species showed similarity between several characteristics common to pollen grains of this species. The description also allowed separation of nine species studied by size and specific morphological characters with the identification key, which can also be used to study the pollen spectrum of hive products.

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of Malvaceae genera from Saudi Arabia and its taxonomic significance

2021 ◽  
pp. 725-742
Author(s):  
Kadry Abdel khalik ◽  
Suad Al- Ruzayza ◽  
Abdullah Assiri ◽  
Ahmed Elkordy
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar Axis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Prolate Spheroidal ◽  
Oblate Spheroidal ◽  
Equatorial Diameter ◽  
Pollen Shape

Pollen morphology of 20 species belong to seven genera (Abutilon, Althaea, Hibiscus, Malva, Pavonia, Senra and Sida) of Malvaceae from Saudi Arabia were studied by using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Quantitative and qualitative pollen morphological characters which vary among investigated taxa are found in the pollen polarity, symmetry, size, shape, polar axis, equatorial diameter, P/E ratio, average height and width of spine, aperature character and spine index. The pollen grains vary from spheroidal, prolate spheroidal, oblate spheroidal to suboblate. All taxa were characterized by relatively large to medium sized pollen grains, numerous pores scattered irregularly all over the grain, and echinate sculpturing. Sida ovata is the largest size pollen grain (138.95) µm. On the other hand, Malva parviflora showed the smallest pollen size (52.28 µm). The average height and width of spine varied greatly among studied taxa. The highest spines (20.65µm) found in Sida ovata, while the shortest (3.19 µm) was found in Abutilon pannosum. Results of the pollen shape, size, and exine sculpture characters offered useful data for evaluating the taxonomy of Malvaceae both on subgeneric and sectional levels. A key for the identification of the investigated taxa based on pollen grains characters is also provided

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