scholarly journals When the Face Becomes a Carrier: Biopower, Levinas’s Ethics, and Contagion

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 715-732
Author(s):  
Sarah Horton
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Control

In the midst of a pandemic, what does it mean to see the Other as Other and not as a carrier of the virus? I argue that in seeking a Levinasian response to the pandemic, we must be mindful of the implications of the mechanisms of surveillance and control that, presented as ways to protect the Other, operate by controlling the Other and rendering our relation to the Other increasingly impersonal. Subjected to these mechanisms, the Other becomes a dangerous entity that must be controlled, and the state that deploys them comes increasingly to mediate the relation between self and Other. The more we rely on such mechanisms for protection, the easier it becomes to regard the Other not as one who summons me to an infinite responsibility but as a vector of disease. Despite all the differences between Levinas’s and Foucault’s approaches, reading them in conversation shows that the control and surveillance of the population functions within a discourse that medicalizes and objectifies the Other in favor of the centralizing power that uses those technologies. In defiance of Levinas’s warning against imposing a narrative on the Other’s suffering, this discourse coopts that suffering as a justification for biopower.

Buber versus Scholem and the Figure of the Hasidic Jew: A Literary Debate between Two Political Theologies

2018 ◽  
pp. 225-262
Author(s):  
Hannan Hever
Keyword(s):  
Martin Buber ◽  
Jewish Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Face

This chapter looks at one of the most famous and significant debates in Jewish studies: between Gershom Scholem and Martin Buber over the character of Hasidism. On the face of it, the debate was a literary one, centering on the significance of the Hasidic tale and its role in the interpretation of the Hasidic movement. It was a debate between two conceptions of Hasidism, one as a system of theological concepts, and the other as a way of life. Yet this debate was not merely historicist, but topical and political as well. For in this debate, Buber and Scholem negotiated the question of Jewish sovereignty and endeavored to determine the desired relationship between Jews and the state.

The linguistic marking of agentivity and control in child language

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Budwig
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Reference Form ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Reference

ABSTRACTThe present study examines the relationship between linguistic forms and the functions they serve in children's early talk about agentivity and control. The spontaneous linguistic productions of six children ranging between 1;8 and 2;8 served as the data base. Preliminary analyses of who the children referred to and what forms were used in subject position suggest that the children could be divided into two groups. Three children primarily referred to Self and relied on multiple Self reference forms in subject position, while the other children referred to both Self and Other and primarily used the Self reference form, I. A functional analysis was carried out to examine whether the seemingly interchangeable use of Self reference forms could be related to semantic and pragmatic patterns. The findings indicate that at a time before they regularly refer to others, the children systematically employed different Self reference forms to mark distinct perspectives on agency.

Some Suggestions respecting the Care of the Feeble-minded under the Mental Deficiency Bill, 1913

1913 ◽  
Vol 59 (246) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Mental Deficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Standing Committee ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

In dealing with any subject in connection with the burning question of the care and control of the feeble-minded, some reference will be expected to the second Mental Deficiency Bill recently introduced into the House of Commons by the Home Secretary. For the purposes of this paper it is unnecessary to do more than quote the Clause, which defines the classes of persons who are mentally defective and deemed to be defectives within the meaning of the Act. Taken all round, it is a much better Bill than its predecessor of last year, but it should be noted that in the present measure no allusion is made to the undesirability of procreation of children by defectives, or to any intention to penalise persons wittingly bringing about a marriage between defectives. These proposals, which were likely to arouse uncompromising disapproval, may be the less regretted, as their inclusion might doubtless have been instrumental in the blocking of the Bill as a whole. Their effacement, it is hoped, may do away with the opposition which is at present invariably evoked by any attempt to infringe upon the so-called liberty of the subject, and may also give opportunity for educating public opinon, so that in time it may be clear to all that the prevention of amentia can only be attained by life segregation on the one hand, and by the prohibition of marriage on the other. The promoters of the Bill have gone as far as they possibly could in the face of uneducated public opinion, and those of us who were present at the discussion of last year's measure in Standing Committee cannot but admire the courage and resourcefulness of Mr. McKenna in presenting the new Bill after the repeated discouragement which he had to face in connection with his first effort last year.

scholarly journals BECOMING THE POSTHUMAN: THE DESTABILISATION OF THE SUBJECT IN THOMAS GLAVINIC’S NIGHT WORK

2021 ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Branka B. Ognjanović
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Night Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Organic Life ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

The paper provides an insight into the destabilisation of the subject and the emergence of the posthuman condition in the novel Night Work (Die Arbeit der Nacht, 2006) by Austrian writer Thomas Glavinic. The first part briefly discusses previous analyses of the novel and the definitions of posthumanism as an umbrella term for a heterogeneous theory dedicated to the questions of what follows after the re-consideration of the humanist ideals and after decentring the human. The posthuman is interpreted as non-fixed, in the state of constant reconstruction as opposed to the humanist subject’s fixedness and integrity. The analysis examines the ‘uncanny’ setting of the novel and the power of survival in the face of death, which becomes the protagonist’s point of demise and divergence from consciousness and rationality. The urban environment devoid of all organic life replaces the Other applied traditionally to other humans. The Sleeper as the nightly doppelgänger and the filming of the environment further add to the transgression of the boundaries between material and immaterial, the living and the non-living, the real and the dreamlike/artificial, and ultimately determine the protagonist’s posthuman existence in the state of ‘becoming’ rather than ‘being’.

scholarly journals PELINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS VAKSIN COVID-19 DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA PEMENUHAN VAKSIN DALAM MEWUJUDUKAN NEGARA KESEJAHTERAAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muh. Ali Masnun ◽  
Eny Sulistyowati ◽  
Irfa Ronaboyd
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Trade Secret ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Face ◽  
National Disaster

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic that has plagued various fields of life, both in the economic, political, education, until the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak was declared as national disaster. Based on that, various efforts are continuously being pursued for strategies to tackle the spread of the virus which has claimed a relatively large number of lives. Among other things, these efforts are through the policy of Large-Scale Social Restrictions, social distancing, including efforts to find the vaccine. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal aspects of the Covid-19 vaccine and the responsibility of the State in fulfilling the Covid-19 vaccine. This research typology is a doctrinal research using primary and secondary legal materials using analytical descriptive. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be explained that the Covid-19 vaccine, besides having economic aspects, also has legal aspects that deserve attention. The economic aspect is that the Covid-19 vaccine is a necessity for everyone in the face of a pandemic, so that vaccines will become a sexy commodity that is definitely targeted and has high selling power. On the other hand, in supporting these commodities, it needs to be protected through a legal instrument known as protection of intellectual property rights, namely through a patent regime or trade secret. Choosing one of these has both advantages and disadvantages, so it needs to be considered carefully. The exclusivity of the Covid-19 vaccine in IPR is not something that can be exploited indefinitely, but the State can exist as a form of its responsibility through the application of compulsory licenses or disclosure of confidential information. Keywords: legal aspects; covid-19 vaccine dutch cemetry; responsibility of the stateAbstrakPandemi Covid-19 yang telah mewabah telah memberikan dampak berbagai bidang kehidupan, baik bidang ekonomi, politik, pendidikan, hingga kemudian wabah pandemi Covid-19 dinyatakan sebagai bencana nasional. Berdasarkan hal tersebut berbagai upaya terus diupayakan strategi untuk menanggulangi penyebaran virus yang telah menelan korban jiwa relatif banyak. Antara lain upaya tersebut melalui kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB), menjaga jarak (social distancing), termasuk upaya menemukan vaksinnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis aspek hukum atas vaksin Covid-19 dan tanggung jawab Negara dalam pemenuhan vaksin Covid-19. Tipologi riset ini merupakan penelitian doktrinal dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer maupun sekunder dengan menggunakan deskriptif analitis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat dijelaskan bahwa vaksin Covid-19 di samping memiliki aspek ekonomi juga memiliki aspek hukum yang sangat patut diperhatikan. Aspek ekonomi bahwa vaksin Covid-19 sebagai kebutuhan semua orang dalam menghadapi pandemi, sehingga vaksin akan menjadi komoditi seksi yang sudah pasti diincar dan memiliki daya jual tinggi. Di sisi lain dalam menunjang komoditi tersebut perlu dilindungi melalui instrumen hukum yang dikenal dengan pelindungan hak kekayaan intelektual yakni melalui rezim paten atau pun rahasia dagang. Pemilihan salah satu tersebut masing-masing memiliki kelebihan maupun kelemahan, sehingga perlu dipertimbangkan secara matang. Eksklusivitas vaksin Covid-19 dalam HKI bukanlah sebuah hal yang dapat dieksploitasi tanpa batas, melainkan Negara dapat hadir sebagai bentuk tanggung jawabnya melalui penerapan lisensi wajib atau pengungkapan informasi yang bersifat rahasia.

In the openness of “own” being (on the example of Leo Tolstoy’s novel ‘The Death of Ivan Ilyich’)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-106
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Kasavina
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Existential Anxiety ◽  
Terminal Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Boundary Situation

The article considers the work of Leo N. Tolstoy The Death of Ivan Ilyich in the context of the concept of boundary situations by K. Jaspers; the phenomena of “intercession in death”; one’s own and non-own Being-toward-death by M. Heidegger; the stages of personal acceptance of death which were identified by E. Kubler-Ross on the basis of psychotherapeutic work with incurable patients. The situation of Ivan Ilyich shows the position of a person in the face of existential anxiety and threats of loneliness, a sense of meaninglessness, despair, actualized by the boundary situation of death. The dynamics of the state of the novel’s protagonist is interpreted as the formation of “one’s own Being-towards-death”, which has the character of being in relation to “one’s own ability of being” (M. Heidegger). Presence is completely surrendered to itself, essentially open to itself. Loneliness acts as a way to open existence. In the openness of presence for the individual the world opens itself, the other and others in their unique way of being. Ivan Ilyich experiences this before his death as an epiphanic phenomenon, which unfolds the destiny of the personality, leading it beyond the limits of only his or her life and suffering. The interaction of the protagonist with others is considered from the perspective of the problems identified by E. Kuebler-Ross in the relationship of doctors, relatives and patients in the terminal stage of their illness and the transition to the acception of their own finiteness, which acquires the character of historicity.

Canons of Evasion in Constitutional Criminal Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Dolovich
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Action ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

In this chapter, Sharon Dolovich argues that the Supreme Court deploys three “canons of evasion” that undermine core constitutional principles: deference, presumption, and question substitution. The chapter shows how the Court on the one hand affirms basic constitutional principles—such as the right to counsel or the right against cruel and unusual punishment—that courts are to enforce against the state for the protection of individual penal subjects. Yet on the other hand, the doctrinal maneuvers of deference, presumption, and substitute question encourage judges in individual cases to affirm the constitutionality of state action even in the face of seemingly egregious facts. As a result, judicial review delivers almost automatic and uncritical validation of whatever state action produced the challenged conviction, sentence, or punishment. Dolovich identifies troubling questions raised by pervasive use of these canons for the legitimacy of the state’s penal power.

Parens Patriae And Livy's Camillus

Ramus ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Face ◽  
Parens Patriae ◽  
Fair Degree

The titlesParens PatriaeandPater Patriaeseem to have been employed controversially in ideological battles of the late Republic, especially from the consulship of Cicero onwards. It seems clear that, among other ideas, these polyvalent titles were capable of evoking the traditional Greek antithesis between the good king (who behaves as a gentle father to his people) and the tyrant, but whereas it is the tyrant who kills citizens in Greek thought, at Rome there was an understanding that the father could execute grown-up dependants who were threatening the state. This ambiguity both complicated and energised debates about the autocratic behaviour of the leading men of the late Republic. In other words, the father analogy was intended as a positive characterisation of the warlords and other leaders but its prominence in the first century BCE shows how anxious the Romans were about limiting and justifying the killing of citizens only as a last resort for the good of the state. Noticeably, Julius Caesar advertises the titleParens Patriaeon his coins, and he was evidently invoked asParensin the Forum cult which flourished for a time after his death. When Cicero speaks of his behaviour in 63 BCE and the positive interpretations put upon it by his friends, he tends to use the termsparensandpatersynonymously. We ought to follow this cue and think that there is a fair degree to which the two can be synonymous. On the other hand, Caesar's supporters might have intended a contrast with his ideological rival Cicero, who had executed the Catilinarian conspirators without a trial. Their aim might have been to emphasise connotations of state benefactor and saviour rather than coercive aspects to do withpatria potestasand theius uitae necisque. The formParens Patriaeappears on the face of it to be less potentially threatening thanPater Patriaeand more inclined to stress ideas of lifegiving, nurturing, and the like.

Exit left: the case of Australian state Labor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Manwaring
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Australian State ◽  
The Face ◽  
Almost All

This chapter evaluates the case of Australian state (Labor) governments. It outlines four distinctive state Labor governments in Australia in the states of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia. In all cases, Labor held office for a relatively sustained period of time, before eventually losing. These state Labor governments offered a distinctive approach to governance that reshaped and renewed the trajectory of social democracy, especially in the face of neoliberal economic settings. Yet, in almost all these cases, these Labor governments were ejected from office. However, in contrast to some of the other cases in this volume, Labor has regained power in many of the state jurisdictions. So, while the Labor model of ‘strategic government’ might have passed, there might be further lessons here about how Labor can regain power.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A. C. Remes
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Era ◽  
Social History ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Informal Communities ◽  
And Control ◽  
To Receive

This book offers a social history of the tension between the state's often bumbling attempts to help and control, on one hand, and citizens' work to receive that help and reject control during disasters, on the other. Focusing on the Salem fire of 1914 and the Halifax explosion of 1917, it examines issues of power and politics that accompanied disaster citizenship during the Progressive Era that saw survivors develop networks of solidarity and obligation to help each other. The book is divided into three sections: the first is about individuals in the first hours and days of each of the Salem and Halifax disasters; the second explores how informal communities like families and neighborhoods responded to the disasters and to the state over the span of weeks and months; and the third section looks at how Salemites and Haligonians created formal, explicit political demands and institutions from the informal and implicit politics of disaster relief and aid. The last section also considers how churches and unions responded to the disasters and to the growth of the state.

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