Elements of Commerce Shows Enterprise Development Innovation Efficient Auditing and the Way of the Future

Technological entrepreneurship helps create sustainable value, accelerate corporate growth and promote economic sustainability through the capitalization and commercialization of innovative new technologies. There are obstacles in conducting Business Model Innovation (BMI) as a reference form of technological entrepreneurship as a reference. This study aims to establish a business model for developing the economy with technological entrepreneurship innovation (BMIfTE). Readiness is one of the keys in carrying out a goal, because there are things that must be prepared, such as the topics discussed in papers related to previous researchers who have published the development of a BMIfTE. For this reason, the paper in this study discusses opportunities and risks, value transitions, economic development, strategies for companies, dynamic capabilities and stakeholders. The new proposal is a form of BMI reconstruction regarding the business model in function of technology to create new systems and methods to take advantage of existing business development opportunities to be able to compete and stand in the national market.

Earnings management and corporate governance: an analysis based on the adoption of IFRS in Brazil

Purpose: This paper aims to analyze whether the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) strengthened the negative relationship among earnings management and corporate governance best practices, which are: B3’s differentiated levels of corporate governance, the presence of a board of independent directors and whether the company is audited by a Big Four or not. Methodology: We applied panel data regression with a sample of 92 companies listed in B3 during the period 2002-2007, for the period prior to IFRS and 2010-2015, for the period after IFRS. Data were collected from the explanatory notes, company reference form and in the Economatica® database. In order to measure the dependent variable earnings management, we applied the model proposed by Dechow, Hutton, Kim and Sloan (2012). Results: Results show that when there is an independent administrative committee, the levels of earnings management are lower, and this relationship is driven by the IFRS adoption. We cannot affirm that companies at the highest levels of corporate governance and audited by a Big Four have a lower incidence of earnings management after the application of IFRS. Contributions of the Study: This paper contributes to a better understanding of how variables related to governance can influence the quality of accounting and financial information. It also contributes to the literature that investigates how IFRS can influence the quality of accounting information.

Tax management: analysis of the influence on the equity cost of Brazilian companies

Purpose: The present study sought to investigate whether tax management influences the equity cost of Brazilian companies listed in Brazil, Bolsa e Balcão (B3) from 2014 to 2018. Methodology: The study included the analysis of Proxie Book-Tax Differences (BTD) as a tool for identifying tax management, as suggested in the work of Moreira e Silva (2019), as well as the control variables, which are the return on equity (ROE), market value (QTOBIN), company size (LNAT) and company financial leverage (ALV). For data collection, the Bloomberg® database and the Reference Form available on the B3 website were used. For that, it was used the Multiple Linear Regression of the data type in balanced panel, resulting in a final sample formed by 630 observations. Results: Through BTD proxie, referring to the difference between accounting profit and tax profit, and used to capture tax management in this research, it was not possible to identify any relationship with the equity cost. Thus, for the purposes of this research, the theoretical adequacy and the statistical models used did not show that good tax management practices have a positive or negative effect on the equity cost. Contributions of the Study: It is observed that Brazilian studies did not analyze the effect of tax management on the equity cost in Brazilian companies using the Book-Tax Differences (BTD) indicator as a tool for identifying tax management and its influence on the cost of capital. So, this research followed the recommendation suggested by Moreira e Silva (2019), to analyze this cost with another indicator, in this case, Book-Tax Differences (BTD). According to the results, it was not possible to identify any relationship with the equity cost, thus contributing to the consolidation of the findings by Goh et al. (2016) and Moreira e Silva (2019) who present CashETR as the best metric for tax management, given that the results presented using the variables ETR and BTD, demonstrated that the cost of capital required by investors was unrelated to the fiscal aggressiveness of companies.

A PANORAMA OF MARIANA AND BRUMADINHO DISASTERS: WHAT DO WE KNOW SO FAR?

ABSTRACT In 2015, the Fundão dam of the company Samarco (controlled by Vale) collapsed, causing a huge wave of mud, causing 19 deaths and becoming the biggest environmental disaster in Brazil. As early as 2019, a new dam rupture took place, with Vale as the responsible company, with around 270 fatalities. Both disasters brought numerous social, environmental and financial problems. This study aims to analyze the impact of environmental disaster of Brumadinho and Mariana on Vale and Samarco Financial Statements, specifically the problems related to provisions, contingencies and environmental processes. The method employed with the case study was a content analysis, and data collection was carried out from Financial Statements, Reference Form and the company’s press channel over a 10-year period from 2010 to 2019. Among the main results, we observed that in 2015, the Mariana dam collapse may explain the significant increase in the coming years regarding deposits and provisions for environmental actions filed against Samarco and Vale. In 2019, it is observed that the amount moved to judicial deposits increased 45 times compared to the previous year. Considering this fact, there is a need for studies that contribute to the transparency of actions for the victims, communities affected by the tragedy, disregard of those involved and the environment, since this is not the first disaster caused by this company.

IMAGE-BUILDING AND REPUTATION MANAGEMENT OF AN ORGANIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROCESSES

Статья посвящена изучению вопросов оправданности целенаправленного воздействия по средствам использования цифровых технологий и технологий искусственного интеллекта на определенные элементы (особенности) корпоративного имиджа и деловой репутации организации, позволяющих создать необходимый эталонный вид, идеальную форму и качественное содержание компании. The article is devoted to the study of the issues of justification of purposeful influence by means of using digital technologies and artificial intelligence technologies on certain elements (features) the corporate image and business reputation of the organization, allowing you to create the necessary reference form, form and content of the company.

A Survey on Applications of Hybrid PV/T Panels

Photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) collectors have gained a lot of attention in recent years due to their substantial advantages as compared to ST or PV systems alone and even to other non-solar technologies. However, PV/Ts are still not as popular in industry or construction and they are not even known to major players implementing solar energy installations. In this article, a general presentation of PV/Ts and a review of their applications are given. First, different heat extraction media (e.g., air, water, bi-fluid, etc.) and hybrid design configurations of hybrid PV/T collectors are addressed. Next, the main applications of PV/T collectors are discussed in order to highlight their feasibility and usefulness and to raise awareness for adoption in the industry and buildings sector. Applications include desalination, air-conditioning, drying, trigeneration, etc. This paper should be considered as a reference form of PV/Ts to extract key points for future research and development as well as for other applications.

Modern programming technologies. Language of 1C 8.3

The tutorial covers the issues of building the basics of the 1C 8.3 programming language. It is intended for both beginners and advanced users. The presentation of the material is divided into two sections. The first section provides the basics of the 1C 8.3 programming language for beginners. In the second section, the use of the 1C 8.3 language is given for advanced users — in a reference form, using specific examples. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in all areas of training and specialties, as well as for graduate students and students of the IPK.

Os Escândalos De Corrupção Na JBS S.A. E As Estratégias De Legitimidade Organizacional De Lindblom

Objective: Evaluate the narrative financial reports released by the Brazilian meatpacker JBS SA and identify how the company has sought to influence its information user while coping with its recent corruption scandals. Method: A qualitative analysis of narrative financial reports – Market Notices, Material Facts, Management Report, and Reference Form and Prospects – was carried out for the base year 2017 based on the Legitimacy Theory (Lindblom, 1994).Originality/Relevance: Parameters are shown that could be used by managers, separately or concurrently, intentionally or unintentionally, to achieve, preserve or recover the company’s legitimacy. Mechanisms of manipulation are also shown as used in corporate reports.Results: JBS used Lindblom’s (1994) first legitimacy strategy in all reports, but more frequently in the Material Facts. Such a strategy was used for regulatory and penal reasons (i.e., the Securities and Exchange Commission of Brazil, and the Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office) as JBS acknowledged the impact of the negative event (i.e., the corruption scandals covered by the media) and provided information related to how it has addressed such a legitimacy-threatening problem.Theoretical/Methodological contributions: Lindblom’s (1994) 2nd and 3rd legitimacy strategies were not as frequent (9% and 12,5% respectively) as reported in the literature. Adding to the literature, this study provides a better understanding of financial reporting as an instrument of legitimacy and manipulation within the political and economic environment.

Executive Compensation and Relative Performance Evaluation Relationship Analysis

The research objective is to verify if the variable compensation of executives is established based on the relative performance evaluation, based on their abilities, or if there is the so-called "lucky payment", in which they are benefited or harmed by oscillations that affect the entire market. The literature shows that variable remuneration is characterized as one of the main mechanisms to align interests between investors and executives. In Brazil, there is evidence of a relationship between variable remuneration and managers' performance, but a gap to be filled consists of identifying whether or not such remuneration disregards the systematic component of performance, linked to movements and shocks that affect the entire sector. The sample comprises the listed companies listed in B3, except those operating in regulated segments, such as financial institutions and public utilities. The period of analysis comprises the years 2010 to 2015, where the information on remuneration is now disclosed through the Reference Form. After self-selection control, because of companies that filed injunctions to avoid disclosure of executive compensation, evidence indicates that executives are usually paid "by luck." Only when the market performs negatively and the executive performs above it is that relative performance employed. The research assists in a better understanding of the remuneration policy of Brazilian organizations, complementing other research on the temporal aspect and the comparison of the peers' performances in the sectors.

From the concepts of meaning and reference to the concept of prototypicality

Meaning is a uniquely human phenomenon. In linguistics, this subject matter is especially complex, considering the multiplicity of theoretical approaches and the variety of disciplinary fields that address the issue. A similar concern applies to the concept of reference, because, although most linguists today agree that meaning and reference form two different realities, the discussion about the relation between these two terms has not yet been fully examined. Cognitive Linguistics has made a great contribution to this discussion by recognizing that we cannot present the postulate of the existence of a level of meaning that belongs only to language and is distinct from the level at which the meaning of linguistic forms is associated with the knowledge of the world. The objective of this work is to show that, with Cognitive Linguistics, the ideas of meaning and reference are re-equated and have gained strength in the scope of linguistic studies reinforced by the concept of prototype. For such purpose this text describes the way these concepts have evolved based on their theorisation, paying particular attention to cognitive semantics, but not intending to make an exhaustive theoretical-methodological analysis of them.