Strategies of providing psychological help to clients in crisis situations

This artіcle provides theoretical analysis of crіsіs of personalіty. It deals with analysіs of understandіng of the concept of crisis іn psychological scіеnce. Taking into account the situation, connected with economic and environmental issues, political crisis and wars, which appeared in the world, researching the topic of crisis and crisis interventions are necessary and important. Сrisis as a factor in the formation of personality and position in life how to overcome it, includіng different methods and ways of experiencing. Modern scientific works of local and foreign psychologists have been observed and the main ideas are presented in the chapters of this article. There was reviewed existing psychological literature in modеrn interprеtation for making dеfinition of the tеrm crisis. The articlе gives theoretical research concеpt of crisis in general. Information about various factors and reasons for appearing crisis in mature age presented in this article as well. Crisis is considеred as the boundary situation. The crisis of identity is sеen as a turning point in human lifе path. Substantiates the viеw that it may providе great contribution to the formation of new systеm of personal values, life views, rеlations to diffеrent sides of his/her life, sociеty and culture which basеd on their own conscious choicе and decisions, attitude towards themselves and thеir lifе in gеnеral. Personal’s viеw of own life may be due to social, еconomic conditions, life circumstancеs and peculiaritiеs of timе in which he/she livеs. Many adults fеels that it is difficult for thеm to disposе of their own lifе. In situation of psychological crisis an adult is worriеd and confusеd about whether he/she rеally undеrstands and realizes the true purpose of his/her еxisting. Ovеrcoming personal limits and critical situations the individual changеs.

Research on the Controlling Effect of NPR Cables for Anti-Dip Slope Based on the Numerical Simulation

As the scale and depth of mines increase, large deformations of high-steep slopes progressively become prominent. Compared with the ordinary cables, negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) cables can provide a constant resistance force and high deformation inhibition during slope deformation, avoiding the occurrence of slope instability hazards. Consequently, the control effects on the toppling failures of slopes were necessary to be researched. Changshanhao open-pit gold mine was taken as an example; based on the field geological investigation and rock mechanics testing, a three-dimensional engineering geological model of open-pit mine was constructed. Subsequently, the stability of open pit in current situation and final boundary situation was estimated with FLAC3D software, for the potential slope vulnerable areas to be comprehensively identified. Finally, the control effects of ordinary cables and NPR cables on the instable W13 slope section were compared and studied through FLAC3D simulations, and the reinforcement effects of NPR cable on the anti-dip slope were proved as significant; meanwhile, the corresponding reinforcement methods in the failure mine areas were proposed, laying a reference for the instability failure control and reinforcement of similar anti-dip slopes.

Antique cosmocenrism, dearth and development of being-exisence

The article is devoted to the ancient "twists and turns" of being. In its a dramatic context the boundary situation of death of the person is considered. The proposed excursion to the antique philosophical thinking allows us to consider a number of fundamental ontological and anthropological ideas in the context of the problems of death, immortality, renewal of being and the possibility of the existence of nothingness, the position of man in relation to a changing being. Following to ancient and modern philosophers we fix the antique totality and centrality of fuses (the nature of existence-cosmos) and human being as its harmonious part of it. They develop from birth to death. The phenomenon of death in antiquity has an ontological content. The death "belongs" to being, it is not the special identity of the subject and the border situation experiences and comprehension of human existence.

In the openness of “own” being (on the example of Leo Tolstoy’s novel ‘The Death of Ivan Ilyich’)

The article considers the work of Leo N. Tolstoy The Death of Ivan Ilyich in the context of the concept of boundary situations by K. Jaspers; the phenomena of “intercession in death”; one’s own and non-own Being-toward-death by M. Heidegger; the stages of personal acceptance of death which were identified by E. Kubler-Ross on the basis of psychotherapeutic work with incurable patients. The situation of Ivan Ilyich shows the position of a person in the face of existential anxiety and threats of loneliness, a sense of meaninglessness, despair, actualized by the boundary situation of death. The dynamics of the state of the novel’s protagonist is interpreted as the formation of “one’s own Being-towards-death”, which has the character of being in relation to “one’s own ability of being” (M. Heidegger). Presence is completely surrendered to itself, essentially open to itself. Loneliness acts as a way to open existence. In the openness of presence for the individual the world opens itself, the other and others in their unique way of being. Ivan Ilyich experiences this before his death as an epiphanic phenomenon, which unfolds the destiny of the personality, leading it beyond the limits of only his or her life and suffering. The interaction of the protagonist with others is considered from the perspective of the problems identified by E. Kuebler-Ross in the relationship of doctors, relatives and patients in the terminal stage of their illness and the transition to the acception of their own finiteness, which acquires the character of historicity.

Watching televised representations and self-identity of national minorities: Israeli Arab citizens’ perceptions of their media representations on Israeli television

This study focuses on how Israeli Arab citizens perceive their media representations on Israeli television and why they consume television broadcasts even though they are marked mostly by negative representations. A new concept – “Communication Boundary Situation” – a development of Jaspers’ “Boundary Situation” theory, is the theoretical framework for the article. The empirical data was collected by conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews. The findings point to different attitudes among the interviewees towards their representation in various television genres, in particular, in advertising as compared to satire and drama. The suggested theoretical framework and its empirical implementation might be useful in examining how various minorities perceive their media representations in other countries.

Kematian dan Kehidupan Abadi: Sebuah Eksplorasi Dalam Perspektif Gereja Katolik

Death is a boundary situation that all human beings face at the end of their life. Even when Church’s teaching on afterlife has been widely accepted by the faithful, most Christians still find it hard to accept death as part of their life. Some of the faithful tend to avoid or to question the situation and the people accompanying them because of their unreadiness in facing death. Christians are invited to accept and to recognise death as an inevitable fact, but also as a reality that brings hope for resurrection and everlasting life. This article attempts to explore some biblical, philosophical, and theological perspectives that can underline interrelatedness among death, resurrection, and the everlasting life. Christian reflections of death can be illuminating when seen as perfection and fulfilment of humanity, as a transformation process of human’s life, and as the faithful’s journey towards God the Father.

Existencial experience of death in the Ukrainian and English prose works of the interwar decades

The article is devoted to the study of death as an existential phenomenon. The topicality of the research is due to the lack of comparative studies of the problem. Its aim is to comprehend the existential of death in the prose of the Ukrainian and English authors of the interwar decades. The research is made on the material of the works by V. Pidmohylny (“Ostap Sheptala”, “A Story without a Title”) and the novel “Honor” by M. Mohyliansky, “The Painted Veil” by S. Maugham and “To the Lighthouse” by V. Woolf. The subject of the study is the philosophical reflections of the characters as subjective thinkers, in the plane of which the authors’ visions of death are actualized. Theoretical and methodological basis is the concepts of the representatives of the existential philosophy (S. Kierkegaard, M. Heidegger, K. Jaspers, A. Camus), in which death is seen as the basic existential of human existence. The main heroes’ attitude to death is considered in the plane of distinguishing of death as an event and as a boundary situation or a phenomenon of death and a phenomenon of mortality. In the course of the study, it was found that an important prerequisite for acquiring thanatological experience by the personages is ‘the death of Another’, which gives rise to a sense of guilt, inducing the personages to active actions. For Ostap Sheptala, Horodovsky, Kitty, Mr. Ramsay, a direct meeting with the death of close people means a boundary situation in which the existence of their own finitude is revealed, which is the main factor in their becoming as individuals as well as in gaining freedom. Instead, in the images of Kalin and Walter, who are in the captivity of their own ambitions, the perception of the ‘death of the Other’ is represented as an objective fact. Their suicide is a consequence of despair, caused by the awareness of their own weakness, which leads to a rejection of oneself. The last is considered as one of the forms of evasion from death. Common for the characters as the spokesman for authors’ views is the state of alienation and loneliness caused by the dehumanization of post-war reality. Prospects for further studies are seen in the study of the problem through the prism of archetypal criticism, as well as the expansion of the arsenal of investigated works.

EXISTENTIAL VISIONS IN SMALL PROSE OF EMIGRANT WRITERS OF THE 1920's

The article deals with the existential visions of the period of literary emigration in 1919–1939 according to the stories of the Ukrainian writer Oles Babij and the Russian one -Alexei Tolstoy. Within the new paradigm – existentialism – the authors showed the person through images of anxiety, despair, and longing. The negative impact of war (in O. Babij's story «Bandit») and emigration (in O. Tolstoy’work «On the Island of Hulk») on the formation of human consciousness is claimed here. Attention is drawn to the psychological aspects, symbolism, and details which are the markers of discomfort and the alienation of the heroes of both stories. The works trace the modes of the existential aesthetics: the boundary situation, the absurdity of existence, the concept of loneliness, etc. It is emphasized that similar existential motives, found out in small prose of the emigrant writers O. Tolstoy and O. Babij, appeared in the works of European writers A. Camus, J. P. Sartre almost twenty years later. Keywords: emigration, war, existential visions, psychology, despair, boundary situation.