Tobacco Product Access Scenarios Influence Hypothetical Use Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-202
Author(s):  
Augustus M. White ◽  
Deborah J. Ossip ◽  
L. Morgan Snell ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Cosima Hoetger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Online Experiment ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regressions

Objective: In this paper, we characterize how potential policies restricting access to tobacco products may impact use behaviors among adult, past 30-day, smokers and e-cigarette users. Methods: We conducted an online experiment with 820 smokers, e-cigarette users, and dual users (April 27-June 8, 2020). We randomized participants to one of 4 hypothetical access scenarios: (1) tobacco retail stores open + pharmacies open (TOPO); (2) tobacco stores open but favorite brand unavailable + pharmacies open (TOPO-NFB); (3) tobacco stores closed + pharmacies open (TCPO); and (4) tobacco stores closed + pharmacies closed (TCPC). Outcomes (measured on 0-100 visual analog scales) included the likelihood of quitting, reducing, switching brands or products, and finding another source of tobacco products. Seemingly unrelated regressions tested for associations between access scenarios and prospective tobacco use behaviors. Results: Participants in the TCPO and TOPO-NFB scenarios were more likely to reduce use, switch brands/products, and find another source (ps < .001) than those in the TOPO scenario. Dual and flavored product users were more likely to switch products (ps < .01). Conclusions: When tobacco retailers are closed, tobacco users may be more likely to quit and/or reduce use compared to when retailers are open. However, access restrictions could prompt users to switch tobacco brands/products or sources.

scholarly journals Trend in the affordability of tobacco products in Bangladesh: findings from the ITC Bangladesh Surveys

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s20-s30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigar Nargis ◽  
Michal Stoklosa ◽  
Jeffrey Drope ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
Anne C K Quah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Price Increase ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Individual Level

BackgroundThe price of tobacco products in relation to the income of tobacco users—affordability—is recognised as a key determinant of tobacco use behaviour. The effectiveness of a price increase as a deterrent to tobacco use depends on how much price increases in relation to the income of the potential users. The aim of this paper is to examine the distribution of and trends in the affordability of tobacco products in Bangladesh.MethodUsing four waves of International Tobacco Control Survey data on Bangladesh, this study measures affordability of tobacco products at the individual level as the ratio of self-reported price and self-reported income. The trends in affordability by brand categories of cigarettes and of bidi and smokeless tobacco are estimated using multivariate linear regression analysis.ResultsDespite significant increase in price, the affordability of cigarettes increased between 2009 and 2014–2015 due to income growth outpacing price increase. The increase was disproportionately larger for more expensive brands. The affordability of bidis increased over this period as well. The affordability of smokeless tobacco products remained unchanged between 2011–2012 and 2014–2015.ConclusionThe tax increases that were implemented during 2009–2015 were not enough to increase tobacco product prices sufficiently to outweigh the effect of income growth, and to reduce tobacco consumption. The findings from this research inform policymakers that in countries experiencing rapid economic growth, significant tax increases are needed to counteract the effect of income growth, in order for the tax increases to be effective in reducing tobacco use.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes: the solution or yet another phase of the tobacco epidemic?

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Catherine O Egbe ◽  
Charles DH Parry ◽  
Bronwyn Myers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
The Individual

Tobacco use is the single largest preventable cause of death globally. For years, the tobacco industry sought to create a tobacco product that is less controversial than conventional cigarettes. Electronic cigarettes were created out of the supposed need to supply consumers of tobacco products with a less harmful tobacco product. The question remains, is it really less harmful for consumers of traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products to switch to electronic cigarettes? This article takes a closer look at the overall harm in relation to benefits of using electronic cigarettes for the individual and public health and the unintended negative consequences the introduction of electronic cigarette has had on overall public health. Given the evidence that the use of electronic cigarettes is a gateway to the use of other tobacco products especially among adolescents, we view electronic cigarettes as having the potential to cause a rebound of the tobacco use glut which the global public health community has been succeeding in reversing. We therefore support the World Health Organization’s suggestion that electronic cigarettes should be regulated as other tobacco products since there is, as yet, no harmless tobacco product. In the same vein, we view the new Tobacco Products and Electronic Delivery Systems Bill seeking to regulate electronic cigarettes in South Africa as other tobacco products as a step in the right direction.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Use of Tobacco among Higher Secondary Students of Kalimati, Kathmandu

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-387
Author(s):  
Mamata Pradhan ◽  
Basanti Pokharel ◽  
Anisha Khadgi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Strength Of Association

Background: Tobacco product are products made entirely or partly of leaf tobacco as raw material, which are intended to be smoked, sucked, chewed, or snuffed. Tobacco use, among the adolescents is a growing public health problem the world has ever faced. More than 7 million deaths occur from tobacco use every day. Literature has shown that the prevalence of the tobacco uses was high among adolescents. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used.150 respondents were taken as sample size. Probability sampling technique and self- administered questionnaire modified from GYTS, Version 2011 was used as a research instruments. Analysis was done using SPSSversion 16. Findings: The study revealed that maximum 57.3% were male, majority 71.3% were from nuclear family, more than fifty 62.7% respondent's family uses tobacco products and majority75.8% tobacco is used by the respondent’s father. Majority 73.3% uses the hookah, more than half 64% gets tobacco from shop, and almost half 46.7% initiated tobacco product as experiment/curiosity and majority 74.7% uses in café. There is statically association found on frequency of tobacco used by the respondents with sex, residence of the respondent, time spend by the parents and initiated age of the tobacco. Greater strength of association on sex and initiated age of the tobacco use where lower strength of association on residence of the respondents and time spend by family. Conclusion: About 15-20% of each higher secondary school students involve on the use of tobacco products. Gender, living place, time spend by the parents, initiated age of tobacco use, increase café cultural, easy availability and accessibility were the common factors for the use of tobacco among higher secondary students. So buying and selling tobacco products everywhere must be prohibited and adolescents should be restricted to use tobacco products in café or public places. Key words: Tobacco, Higher Secondary Students, Factors.

scholarly journals Youth susceptibility to tobacco use: Is it general or specific?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Cheng ◽  
Pavel N. Lizhnyak ◽  
Natasha A. Knight ◽  
Andrea R. Vansickel ◽  
Edward G. Largo
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Institutionalized Youth ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Importance: Susceptibility to tobacco use can help identify youth that are at risk for tobacco use. Objective: To estimate the extent of overlap in susceptibilities across various tobacco products, investigate correlates with susceptibilities, and examine whether the relationship linking susceptibility with the onset of use is product specific or is accounted for by a general susceptibility-onset relationship. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Analysis of data from the longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study wave 4 (December 2016 to January 2018) and wave 4.5 youth surveys (December 2017 to November 2018). Participants: A nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized youth 12-17 years old who had never used a tobacco product at baseline assessment. Main variable of interest: Susceptibility to the use of each type of tobacco product assessed at wave 4. Main outcomes: Onset of use of various tobacco products defined as the first use occurring between waves 4 and 4.5 assessments. Results: Cigarettes and e-cigarettes were the most common (~25%), while snus was the least common (<5%), tobacco product to which youth were susceptible. There was a high degree of overlap in susceptibilities across tobacco products (65% of tobacco-susceptible youth were susceptible to more than one tobacco product). Tobacco-susceptible youth were more likely to have used cannabis or consumed alcohol in the past 30 days or to have tobacco-using peers. Susceptibility to use predicted the onset of use (incidence ratio = 3.2 to 12.9). Estimates for the product-specific path were null, except for e-cigarettes (β=0.08, 95% CI=0.04 to 0.13) and filtered cigars (β= -0.09, 95% CI= -0.13 to -0.05), after accounting for the general susceptibility-to-tobacco-onset relationship (β=0.50, 95% CI=0.42 to 0.58). Conclusions and Relevance: Youth susceptibility to tobacco use overlaps widely across different tobacco products and other risky behaviors. Public health efforts may benefit from a holistic approach to risk behavior prevention planning.

Abstract P087: Youth Tobacco Users Perceive Less E-Cig Harm

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delvon T Mattingly ◽  
Lindsay K Tompkins ◽  
Clara G Sears ◽  
Kandi L Walker ◽  
Joy L Hart
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
School Students ◽  
Tobacco Products

Introduction: In Appalachia, youth tobacco use rates exceed the national average, and youth in these rural areas are increasingly aware of new and emerging tobacco products, such as e-cigarettes. Given that e-cigarettes are a commonly used tobacco product by youth, additional inquiry is needed to better understand both youth product perceptions and use patterns, especially in communities with entrenched acceptance of tobacco. Study Aim and Hypothesis: Our aim is to examine the prevalence of conventional tobacco and e-cigarette use among Appalachian youth and to examine associations between use and tobacco harm perceptions. We hypothesized that conventional tobacco users would be less likely than non-users to perceive e-cigarette use as harmful and that e-cigarette users would be less likely than non-users to perceive e-cigarette use as harmful. Methods: A survey of middle and high school students (n=1,008) was conducted in rural Appalachia. The primary outcome in this analysis, tobacco use, was categorized as never user, conventional tobacco only user (cigarettes or smokeless), or e-cigarette only user. Descriptive characteristics were compared among the three use groups. Relationships between harm perceptions and tobacco product use were assessed using multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for age, race, gender, and grade level. Results: Nearly one-fourth (23%) of the participants had tried e-cigarettes. Compared to never users, conventional users were more likely to indicate that e-cigarettes did not cause: (1) health problems (OR: 1.65; CI: 1.075-2.521) or (2) addiction (OR: 1.63; CI: 1.064-2.496). Youth who indicated e-cigarettes do not cause health problems were more likely to be e-cigarette users than non-e-cigarette users (OR: 2.04, CI: 1.460-2.838), and youth who indicated smoking does not cause addiction were more likely to be conventional users than never or e-cigarette only users (OR: 1.96; CI: 1.181-3.262). Conclusions: In summary, youth who use conventional tobacco products or e-cigarettes are less likely to perceive e-cigarettes as harmful. These findings reinforce the need for vigilance in restricting youth access to tobacco products, increased emphasis on health campaigns that clarify scientific uncertainty surrounding tobacco safety, and regulation of e-cigarette marketing that targets youth.

scholarly journals Using Latent Class Analysis to Examine Susceptibility to Various Tobacco Products Among Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2059-2065
Author(s):  
Krysten W Bold ◽  
Eugenia Buta ◽  
Patricia Simon ◽  
Grace Kong ◽  
Meghan Morean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Model ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Sociodemographic Predictors ◽  
Traditional Tobacco

Abstract Introduction Most tobacco use is initiated during adolescence and susceptibility is an important predictor of initiation. Research is needed to understand susceptibility across tobacco products among youth to inform prevention efforts. Aims and Methods We surveyed 2945 students from four Southeastern Connecticut high schools in 2017. We assessed susceptibility to future use of seven different tobacco products (ie, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, hookah, cigars, cigarillos, blunts, and smokeless tobacco) among youth who had never used a tobacco product. Susceptibility was coded as any response other than “definitely not” to three items assessing (1) curiosity, (2) willingness to experiment with the product in the future, and (3) willingness to try if offered by a friend. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of susceptibility across multiple tobacco products and sociodemographic predictors of these classes. Results Among n = 1246 youth who had never tried a tobacco product, 51.2% (n = 638) were susceptible to at least one product and 29.1% (n = 363) were susceptible to two or more products (average among susceptible youth: M = 2.4 products, SD = 1.7, range 1–7). Latent class analysis identified three classes: youth who were: (1) susceptible to all products (5.6%), (2) susceptible to e-cigarettes, hookah, and blunts (23.6%), and (3) mostly non-susceptible to all products (70.8%). In a multivariable model, demographic variables and peer tobacco use predicted class membership. Conclusions We observed high rates of susceptibility to non-traditional tobacco products among youth, and many youth were susceptible to more than one product. Targeting susceptibility across multiple tobacco products may be important for reducing youth tobacco use. Implications Patterns of polytobacco use susceptibility were identified among youth who had never previously used tobacco products. Many youth were susceptible to more than one product and we observed three distinct classes of susceptibility among youth: those who were mostly non-susceptible, those who were susceptible to alternative or non-traditional tobacco products (e-cigarettes, hookah, and blunts), and those who were susceptible to all tobacco products. These findings suggest the importance of addressing susceptibility across multiple tobacco products.

scholarly journals Exposure to a Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen Among Adolescent Smokeless Tobacco Users in Rural California, United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1764-1771
Author(s):  
Benjamin W Chaffee ◽  
Peyton Jacob ◽  
Elizabeth T Couch ◽  
Neal L Benowitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Products ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

Abstract Introduction Approximately the same percentage of male high school students in the United States currently uses conventional smokeless tobacco as smokes cigarettes, resulting in toxin exposure. Methods This study assessed tobacco product use (smokeless, combustible, and electronic cigarettes) and nicotine and carcinogen exposures in a sample of 594 male rural high school baseball players—a population traditionally at risk for smokeless tobacco use. Salivary specimens were assayed for cotinine (a biomarker of nicotine exposure) and urine specimens for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL, a biomarker of the carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results The prevalence of past 30-day use of any tobacco product was 29%. Past 7-day smokeless tobacco use (prevalence: 13%) was associated with the highest levels of cotinine and NNAL observed in the sample, whether smokeless tobacco was used exclusively (geometric means: cotinine 11.1 ng/mL; NNAL 31.9 pg/mg-creatinine) or in combination with combustible products (geometric means: cotinine 31.6 ng/mL; NNAL 50.0 pg/mg creatinine). Cotinine and NNAL levels were incrementally higher in each increasing category of smokeless tobacco use frequency. However, observed levels were lower than previously reported for adults, likely reflecting less smokeless use per day among adolescents. Conclusions Based on these biomarker observations, adolescents who use conventional smokeless tobacco products are exposed to substantial levels of nicotine and NNK. Although exposed to lower levels than adult smokeless users, the findings are concerning given the young age of the sample and tendency for smokeless tobacco users to increase use intensity over time. Implications This study demonstrates that adolescents using smokeless tobacco are exposed to levels of nicotine and NNK that increase with use frequency and that exceed exposures among peers using other tobacco products. Youth smokeless tobacco use in the United States has not declined along with youth smoking prevalence, giving greater importance to this health concern. To reduce youth (and adult) exposures, needed actions include effective smokeless tobacco use prevention, potentially in combination with reducing the levels of harmful and potentially harmful chemicals in smokeless tobacco products currently popular among adolescents.

Are E-cigarette Users a Unique Group of Smokers? Latent Class Analysis of the National Youth Tobacco Survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 004723792098048
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Scheier ◽  
Martin Komarc
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Smoking Behaviors

We used data from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey to examine patterns of cigarette smoking behavior and tobacco use. In light of the recent upsurge in e-cigarette use, we modeled current use and future intentions to use vape products along with combustible cigarette smoking and other tobacco products (i.e., cigars, cigarillos, chew, snuff, and dip). Latent class analyses indicated four discrete classes of smokers including a nominally involved class with very modest levels of tobacco product use, a class blending e-cigarette and cigars, a class of youth who predominantly use combustible cigarettes, and a group reporting indiscriminate use of almost all tobacco products excluding chew. Tests of invariance in item response probabilities and latent class proportions showed little variation across race and gender, albeit a new class of combustible cigarette and e-cigarette users emerged when examined by grade. Members of the heavy smoking and tobacco use class were more likely to be male, White, and older. Predictors of class membership included expectancies (perceived benefits of use), perceived harm (risk), media exposure, tobacco dependence, and the desire to quit. Findings are discussed in terms of characterizing risk among already smoking youth and how actionable prevention measures can be incorporated into existing universal and indicated programs that target reducing tobacco use and smoking behaviors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tobacco Use and Its Associated Factors among School Going Adolescents in Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Arbind Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Tulsi Ram Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Tobacco use means consumption of any form of tobacco products either smoked or smokeless. Common used tobacco products are cigarette, cigars, pipe tobacco and favored Sisha tobacco, Surti/khaini, Panmasala, and Gutkha. It is one of the major causes of preventable mortality and morbidity worldwide. Objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of tobacco use and its associated factors among higher secondary school going adolescents of Birgunj Sub-metropolitan, Nepal. A schools based cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out using self-administrative questionnaire and it was prepared based on Global Youth Tobacco Survey. It was developed and validated for assessing the tobacco use among adolescents. Amongst 16 higher secondary schools, three public and three private schools were selected randomly. Similarly required sample (307) were recruited as proportionately from each school considering number of students studying in each selected school from August to December 2016. Prevalence of ever use of tobacco was 15.6 %. Cigarette was the most (70.8%) commonly used as tobacco product. The average age of initiation of tobacco use was 13.96++2.62 year. More than half (52.1%) of the tobacco users purchased tobacco from shops. Peer pressure (45.8%) was one of the major influencing factors of ever use of tobacco. Age, gender, friends pressure and parent's education were found significantly associated with ever use of tobacco among students. Nearly one-fifth adolescents used some type of tobacco products in last six month. Tobacco used by parents, peers and others family members at home and public places, and easy access of tobacco products were the major influencing factors of tobacco use among students. School and community based awareness programs and tobacco control legislations should be implemented consistently to control and discourage the consumption of tobacco products. Keywords: Adolescents, students, associated factors, tobacco use

scholarly journals Youth susceptibility to tobacco use: is it general or specific?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui G. Cheng ◽  
Pavel N. Lizhnyak ◽  
Natasha A. Knight ◽  
Andrea R. Vansickel ◽  
Edward G. Largo
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Background Susceptibility to tobacco use predicts tobacco use onset among youth. The current study aimed to estimate the extent of overlap in susceptibilities across various tobacco products, investigate sociopsychological correlates with susceptibilities, and examine whether the relationship linking susceptibility with the onset of use is product-specific or is accounted for by a general susceptibility-onset relationship. Methods The study population consisted of US youth 12–17 years old who had never used a tobacco product, sampled in the longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study wave 4 (Dec. 2016-Jan. 2018; n = 10,977). Tobacco product-specific susceptibility at wave 4 was assessed via questions about curiosity, likelihood to try, and likelihood of use if a best friend offered. The onset of use of various tobacco products was defined as first use occurring between the wave 4 and wave 4.5 (Dec. 2017-Dec. 2018) assessments (n = 8841). Generalized linear regression and structural equation models were used for data analysis. Results There is a large degree of overlap in susceptibilities across tobacco products (65% of tobacco-susceptible youth were susceptible to more than one tobacco product). Tobacco-susceptible youths were more likely to have recently used cannabis, consumed alcohol, or to have been associated with tobacco-using peers. Structural equation models suggest that the susceptibility-onset relationship largely operates in a non-product-specific manner after accounting for the general susceptibility-to-tobacco-onset relationship. Conclusions Youth susceptibility to tobacco use overlaps widely across different tobacco products and other risky behaviors. Findings from this study support a holistic approach towards the prevention of risk behaviors, supplemented by product-specific strategies when needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document