scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN AGAINST Rhizopus stolonifer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-906
Author(s):  
Khawlah Abdallah Salman ◽  
Hussein Ali Hussein ◽  
Saddam Hussein Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Significant Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Post Harvesting ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

These days instead of chemical pesticides, various natural alternatives have been used for the management of post-harvest diseases. This research was carried out to evaluate the antifungal potential of different chitosan concentrations viz., 5, 10, and 15 mg/µl against Rhizopus stolonifer by the agar dilution and well diffusion methods. The evaluation was carried out after seven days of incubation by measuring the inhibition of R. stolonifer mycelial growth. Results of the study revealed that the chitosan had a significant inhibitory effect on mycelial growth and maximum mycelial growth inhibition was reported at the 10 and 15 mg/µl concentrations and these two treatments are not significantly different. Based on these results, the best concentration (15 mg/µl) was further evaluated by the well diffusion technique. The average inhibition zones formed by the higher concentration was 25mm. Results of the study suggested that chitosan can be used for the management of post-harvesting diseases of tomatoes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Pomegranate Peels, Green Tea Leaves and Bay Leaves against Vibrio cholera

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Zainab A. Al-Dhaher
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Vibrio Cholera ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Green Tea Leaves ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
The Mean

The antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of Pomegranate peels, Green tea leaves, Bay leaves were evaluated in this study. Agar diffusion technique was applied. The three extracts were found to have inhibitory effect against Vibrio cholera and the mean of the diameter of inhibition zones ranges from (11-23 mm) for pomegranate peels, (9-20 mm) for Green tea leaves and (718mm) for Bay leaves extracts and statistically analyzed. There were significant differences between pomegranate peels, tea leaves and bay leaves extracts at each concentration used in this study. The pomegranate peels were found to have greater effects against Vibrio cholera followed by tea leaves, Bay leaves. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was also determined and it was shown that 10mg/ml was the MBC for pomegranate peels, 10-15mg/ml the MBC for tea leaves and 20-25mg/ml the MBC for Bay leaves.

scholarly journals Antifungal Property of Piper betle Leaf Oil against Oral Candida Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 01021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rattiporn Kaypetch ◽  
Sroisiri Thaweboon
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Antifungal Property ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Oral Candida

Fungal infection is one of the main clinical problems due to the extensive uses of broad-spectrum antibiotics and immunosuppressive therapy. Among all, candida species are the most prevalent. Piper betle Linn., a tropical plant intimately associated with pepper, has been widely used as a traditional herb in many Asian countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of essential oil extracted from fresh leaves of P. betle against four strains of candida species, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis and C. stellatoidia. Inhibitory activity was primarily screened by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique and subsequently the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution technique. Betel oil exhibited a high potential of antifungal property against all strains of yeast with inhibition zones ranged from 32 to 33 mm. in diameter and MIC values of 0.039-0.078 % v/v. Data from this study demonstrates a potential application of betel oil in drug preparations and development for the treatment of candida infection. Further investigations are required to define the antifungal mechanism of this oil as well as clinical trial in the patients.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Bacterial Isolates against Causal Agent of Late Blight of Potato, Phytophthora infestans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Rani ◽  
Sushil Kumar Upadhyay ◽  
Gyanika Shukla ◽  
Chhaya Singh ◽  
Raj Singh
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Late Blight Pathogen ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Background: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is main crop in subtropical and temperate regions as vegetable crop. It is affected by Phytophthora infestans causing a devasting disease late blight. The chemical pesticides used against this disease in this present scenario cause pollution (soil as well as water) and adversely affect beneficial soil micro-flora, grazing animals and human beings. Methods: An experiment was designed at the Department of Botany, K.V. Subharti College of Science, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut (UP), India during 2017-2018. Three bacterial bioagents, Pseudomonas isolate 1 and 2 and Bacillus species was isolated from infected phylloplane and used against late blight pathogen, P. infestans. The efficacy of antagonistic bio-agents tested against mycelial growth, zoospore and zoosporangial germination of P. infestans by dual culture method and detached leaf method.Result: The present study focused on use of bio-agents or antagonistic bacteria to control late blight pathogen showed concentration biased potential inhibitory activity against mycelial growth, zoospore and zoosporangial germination. It means higher the concentration of bacterial isolate, greater the inhibitory effect on various tested parameters. Among the three tested antagonistic bioagents, Bacillus showed maximum zone of inhibition to late blight pathogen. The proved that the Pseudomaonas and Bacillus as potential antagonistic agent for ecofriendly sustainable management of pathogenic mycoflora, P. infestans.

scholarly journals Ammoides pusilla Essential Oil: A Potent Inhibitor of the Growth of Fusarium avenaceum and Its Enniatin Production

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6906
Author(s):  
Yasmine Chakroun ◽  
Souheib Oueslati ◽  
Vessela Atanasova ◽  
Florence Richard-Forget ◽  
Manef Abderrabba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Agar Dilution

Enniatins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species contaminating cereals and various agricultural commodities. The co-occurrence of these mycotoxins in large quantities with other mycotoxins such as trichothecenes and the possible synergies in toxicity could lead to serious food safety problems. Using the agar dilution method, Ammoides pusilla was selected among eight Tunisian plants for the antifungal potential of its essential oil (EO) on Fusarium avenaceum mycelial growth and its production of enniatins. Two EO batches were produced and analyzed by GC/MS-MS. Their activities were measured using both contact assays and fumigant tests (estimated IC50 were 0.1 µL·mL−1 and 7.6 µL·L−1, respectively). The A. pusilla EOs and their volatiles inhibited the germination of spores and the mycelial growth, showing a fungistatic but not fungicidal activity. The accumulation of enniatins was also significantly reduced (estimated IC50 were 0.05 µL·mL−1 for the contact assays and 4.2 µL·L−1 for the fumigation assays). The most active batch of EO was richer in thymol, the main volatile compound found. Thymol used as fumigant showed a potent fungistatic activity but not a significant antimycotoxigenic activity. Overall, our data demonstrated the bioactivity of A. pusilla EO and its high potential to control F. avenaceum and its enniatins production in agricultural commodities.

A comparative study of the antibacterial activity of Quercus robur (Ethanolic extract) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles on Salmonella (In vitro)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hams H. H. Alfattli ◽  
Ghufran Zuhair Jiber ◽  
Ghaidaa Gatea Abbass
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Inhibition Zones

This study which designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Ethanolic extract of (Quercusrobur) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles on the growth of one genus of enterobacteriacae (Salmonella). In vitro. For this purpose graduate concentrates for plant extract (50, 100, 200, 400 )mg/ml which prepared and compared with Zinc oxide nanoparticles of different concentration (2, 1, 0.5, 0.25) μg/ml,and examined. The result showed that the studied medicinal plant has antibacterial activity against this bacteria which used. The result showed that the plant has good activity in decrease the growth of this bacteria. The results of the study also showed that the nano-ZnO has very effective antibacterial action against the studied bacteria which was Salmonella,nanoparticles concentrations lead to increasing in the inhibition zones of tested bacterial growth. We also study the effect of three antibiotics Lomefloxacin (LOM), Ciprofloxacin (SIP) and Rifampin (RA) and the result showed,in a comparison within the tested bacteria,Salmonella had a significant inhibition increase in Lomefloxacin ; the ciprofloxacin showed effect on tested bacteria. However,Rifampin does not show any effect on tested bacteria.

Potential antidiarrheal agents: 1-(11-Cyano-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11-yl-alkyl)- and 1-(10-cyano-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-yl-alkyl)-4-substituted piperidines

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1089-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Šindelář ◽  
Jan Metyš ◽  
Miroslav Protiva
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
Significant Inhibitory Effect

Substitution reactions of 11-(2-bromoethyl)- and 11-(3-bromopropyl)-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11-carbonitrile and further of 10-(2-bromoethyl)- and 10-(3-bromopropyl)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-carbonitrile with ethyl 4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate, 4-phenylpiperidin-4-ol, 4-(2-tolyl)piperidin-4-ol, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-ol, 4-(2-oxobenzimidazolin-1-yl)-piperidine and 1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decan-4-one afforded the tricyclic piperidinoalkyl nitriles IV-XIII which are cyclic analogues of the antidiarrheal agents diphenoxylate (I) and loperamide (III). Out of the compounds prepared only IV and XI showed a significant inhibitory effect towards diarrhea elicited by intravenously administered serotonin in mice.

scholarly journals A novel BRD4 inhibitor suppresses osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomized osteoporosis by blocking RANKL-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Wenjie Liu ◽  
Ziqiang Yu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yinghua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Actin Ring ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
Significant Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Promising Treatment

AbstractBromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) has emerged as a promising treatment target for bone-related disorders. (+)-JQ1, a thienotriazolodiazepine compound, has been shown to inhibit pro-osteoclastic activity in a BRD4-dependent approach and impede bone loss caused by ovariectomy (OVX) in vivo. However, clinical trials of (+)-JQ1 are limited because of its poor druggability. In this study, we synthesized a new (+)-JQ1 derivative differing in structure and chirality. One such derivative, (+)-ND, exhibited higher solubility and excellent inhibitory activity against BRD4 compared with its analogue (+)-JQ1. Interestingly, (-)-JQ1 and (-)-ND exhibited low anti-proliferative activity and had no significant inhibitory effect on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis as compared with (+)-JQ1 and (+)-ND, suggesting the importance of chirality in the biological activity of compounds. Among these compounds, (+)-ND displayed the most prominent inhibitory effect on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, (+)-ND could inhibit osteoclast-specific gene expression, F‐actin ring generation, and bone resorption in vitro and prevent bone loss in OVX mice. Collectively, these findings indicated that (+)-ND represses RANKL‐stimulated osteoclastogenesis and averts OVX-triggered osteoporosis by suppressing MAPK and NF-κB signalling cascades, suggesting that it may be a prospective candidate for osteoporosis treatment.

scholarly journals Diffusible Compounds Produced by Hanseniaspora osmophila and Gluconobacter cerinus Help to Control the Causal Agents of Gray Rot and Summer Bunch Rot of Table Grapes

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Matías Olivera ◽  
Ninoska Delgado ◽  
Fabiola Cádiz ◽  
Natalia Riquelme ◽  
Iván Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Dual Cultures ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Direct Bioautography

Gray and summer bunch rot are important diseases of table grapes due to the high economic and environmental cost of their control with synthetic fungicides. The ability to produce antifungal compounds against the causal agents Botrytis, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus of two microorganisms isolated from table grapes and identified as Hanseniaspora osmophila and Gluconobacter cerinus was evaluated. In dual cultures, both biocontrol agents (together and separately) inhibited in vitro mycelial growth of these pathogens. To identify the compounds responsible for the inhibitory effect, extractions were carried out with organic solvents from biocontrol agents separately. Through dual cultures with pathogens and pure extracts, only the hexane extract from H. osmophila showed an inhibitory effect against Botrytis cinerea. To further identify these compounds, the direct bioautography technique was used. This technique made it possible to determine the band displaying antifungal activity at Rf = 0.05–0.2. The compounds present in this band were identified by GC-MS and compared to the NIST library. The most abundant compounds, not previously reported, corresponded to alkanes, ketones, alcohols, and terpenoids. H. osmophila and G. cerinus have the potential to control the causal agents of gray and summer bunch rot of table grapes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Some Components of the Essential Oils of Plants Used in the Traditional Medicine of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Puebla, México

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Sebastián Candelaria-Dueñas ◽  
Rocío Serrano-Parrales ◽  
Marisol Ávila-Romero ◽  
Samuel Meraz-Martínez ◽  
Julieta Orozco-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Agar Dilution

In Tehuacán-Cuicatlán valley (Mexico), studies have been carried out on the essential oils of medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity and it was found that they present compounds in common such as: α-pinene, β-pinene, carvacrol, eugenol, limonene, myrcene, ocimene, cineole, methyl salicylate, farnesene, and thymol. The goal of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of essential oils’ compounds. The qualitative evaluation was carried out by the Kirby Baüer agar diffusion technique in Gram-positive bacteria (11 strains), Gram-negative bacteria (18 strains), and yeasts (8 strains). For the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the agar dilution method was used. All the evaluated compounds presented antimicrobial activity. The compounds eugenol and carvacrol showed the largest inhibition zones. Regarding yeasts, the compounds ocimene, cineole, and farnesene did not show any activity. The compounds eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol presented the lowest MIC; bactericidal effect was observed at MIC level for S. aureus 75MR, E. coli 128 MR, and C albicans CUSI, for different compounds, eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol. Finally, this study shows that the essential oils of plants used by the population of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán valley share compounds and some of them have antibacterial and fungicidal activity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Roselle-capped​ Silver​ Nanochip on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirorat Wacharanad ◽  
Puncharee Thatree ◽  
Punchaya Yiemwattana ◽  
Penpitcha Paoprajak ◽  
Pimchanok Ngamsangiam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Silver Nitrate Solution ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Alginate Gel ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Time Kill

Abstract Objectives This article aimed to study the effects of the​ roselle-capped​ silver​ nanochip​ ​(SNP-Ro​ chip)​ against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and the toxicity of this film on fibroblast cells to develop this SNP-Ro chip into a local chemical for the treatment of periodontitis in the future. Materials and Methods Using a microwave-assisted synthesis method, silver​ nanoparticles (SNPs) were prepared from a silver nitrate solution and roselle extract as a reducing and capping agent. Then, SNP-Ro chips were fabricated by mixing a solution of SNP-Ro with alginate gel. The antimicrobial effect of the synthesized SNP-Ro chips was performed by the disc diffusion technique and time kill assay. The cytotoxic effect was also determined by the MTS assay. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe’s method were used to analyze the data for this experiment. Results All three ratios of the SNP-Ro chip produced inhibition zones ranging between 18.75 ± 2.08 and 19.03 ± 2.25 mm. In studying the killing time, the three groups of the SNP-Ro chips completely eradicated A. actinomycetemcomitans within 180 minutes. The percentage of the viable SNP-Ro chip-treated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were significantly increased when compared with the alginate chip-treated cells (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study developed a new method for the deposition of SNPs in alginate gel to make a thin small chip for the sustained release of the SNPs in a periodontal lesion. Therefore, the SNP-Ro chip has the potential to be developed as an adjunctive locally delivered antimicrobial agent in periodontal therapy.

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