scholarly journals Soil resistance and bulk density under different tillage system

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Miro Stošić ◽  
Vladimir Zebec ◽  
Maciej Kluz ◽  
Boris Ravnjak ◽  
Tomislav Vinković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Set Up

A stationary field experiment of a reduced soil tillage was implemented at a Hypogley (Hypogleyic soils A–Gso–Gr soil horizon sequence) soil type of Eastern Croatia during three seasons and set up as a split-plot randomized block design in four repetitions. The tillage systems (TS) were as follows: 1) conventional tillage, i.e., plowing at 30 cm (CT), 2) disking up 10-12 cm (DT), 3) soil loosening up to 35 cm (LT), 4) no-tillage (NT). The experiment was designed to compare the penetration resistance (PR), soil moisture (SM), and bulk density (BD) at different TSs and soil depths. A cone penetrometer was used to measure the PR with 10 prods per TS, accompanied with a measurement of SM with a soil auger on every 10 cm, with four samples up to a 40-cm depth. The BD was determined by metal cylinders on every 10 cm up to a 30-cm depth, being weighed and dried thereafter to obtain an absolutely dry sample, and then calculated using absolutely a dry soil sample mass (m_s) and the soil volume (V). The PR and SM were significantly influenced by the TS and soil depth. The CT had the significantly lowest PR at all depths, while the DT has manifested a significantly higher PR at a soil depth amounting to 10 to 20 cm. The PR on NT were significantly diverse from the CT at all soil depths. The BD varied significantly concerning the TS and the soil depth. Subsequent to the three years, the CT had a significantly smaller BD at a depth amounting from 0 to 10 cm, and a significantly higher BD at 20- to 30-cm depth, compared to reduce the TS.

scholarly journals Short-term effect of soil tillage and NPK fertilization rates on soil carbon sequestration and yield of Colocasia esculenta Schott in two micro-environments in SE, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
C Storage

Quantification of soil organic carbon cycling as impacted by soil and crop man- agement practices is required for C storage and soil quality improvement investi- gations. This study assessed the short-term effect of conventional tillage (CT) and No-Tillage (NT) practices on SOC sequestration and yield of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta). The experiment was conducted simultaneously at two lo- cations (06◦52' N, 07◦15' E and 06◦ 26' N; 07◦16' E) in southeast Nigeria. A Ran- domized Complete Block Design with five replications and four treatments com- prised of CT and NT, respectively, with 150 and 300 Kg ha-1 of NPK 15:15:15, was used. Soil quality attributes were measured at two soil depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) in both locations and analyzed. The results indicated that the quantity of carbon sequestered in the soil at 0-20 cm soil depth for both sites was 46.7- 90.9 and 65.0-117.9 Mg ha-1, respectively, for the two planting seasons in NT plots treated with 300 Kg ha-1 of NPK. This was followed by NT plots treated with 150 Kg ha-1 of NPK, which sequestered 55.5-86.2 and 46.7-91.9 Mg ha-1 SOC. CT plots that received 300 Kg ha-1 NPK with 11.3-47.6 Mg/ha SOC had 44% and 28% lower stored SOC when compared to NT, NPK 150 Kg ha-1 plots for the two-planting season respectively. This indicates that CT practices signifi- cantly limit SOC sequestration. CT with 300 Kg of NPK 15:15:15 gave the high- est corm yield, followed by No-till with 300 Kg ha-1. A better edaphic condition provided by CT was compensated for by higher doses of N fertilizer in NT Plots.

scholarly journals Soybean oversowing with Urochloa brizantha and Panicum maximum and the straw formation in a no-tillage system

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1209
Author(s):  
Núbia Maria Correia ◽  
Leonardo José Petean Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The objective of this study was to evaluate the soybean oversowing with braquiarão (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) and colonião (Panicum maximum cv. Aruana) and the capacity of these forage crops to produce dry mass during the fall-winter-spring period. Two experiments, one for each forage species, were conducted in field conditions in the 2011/2012 season and were repeated in 2012/2013. The experimental set-up was arranged in a randomized block design with four repetitions in a 2 x 5 factorial. The soybean oversowing was studied in the development stages R6 and R8 (2011/2012) or R5 and R8 (2012/2013) with braquiarão or colonião grass in five seed amounts (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 points of cultural value – PCV = seeds amount x culture value). In both seasons, the braquiarão oversowing at soybean stages R5 and R6 resulted in higher dry mass production, when compared to stage R8. Additionally, the amount of 600 seeds PCV was sufficient to obtain an excellent percentage of soil cover (>95%), in addition to the satisfactory number of plants per m2 and the dry mass production. On the other hand, independent of the soybean development stage in the oversowing moment, colonião was not promising for use in this sowing type because its low stand and irregular soil covering, even at the higher seed amounts.

Effect of the ridge tillage system on some selected soil physical properties in a maize monoculture

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. László ◽  
C. Gyuricza
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Within the framework of cooperation between Szent István University and the Vienna University of Agricultural Sciences, a soil cultivation experiment in a maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture was set up for the first time in Austria near Pyhra (Lower Austria) in 1996. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ridge tillage (RT) in comparison with conventional mouldboard ploughing in autumn (CT) and no-tillage (NT) on the penetration resistance (PR), soil bulk density (BD) and porosity (P) of sandy loam soil (Typic Agriudoll). Analyses were made for each treatment and for different parts of the ridge (top and side of the ridge, and interrow) in 1998, 2000 and 2002. The average PR and BD values were greatest in the no-tillage plot, being 3.42 MPa and 1.56 g·cm-3, respectively. After six years, ridge tillage resulted in lower penetration resistance and bulk density values in the upper 20 cm than conventional tillage and no-tillage. Ridge tillage appears capable of reducing compaction in this soil. It can be concluded from the results that ridge tillage is capable of maintaining and improving favourable physical conditions in the soil.

scholarly journals Effects of compaction, moisture and depth on the parameters of the kostiakov equation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Américo Hossne García ◽  
◽  
Jesús Méndez ◽  
I.J. Smith ◽  
P Velázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Physical Characteristic ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Block Design

This report consisted of studying the effects caused by the soil physical characteristic, in the presence of wetness variations and structures-texture fluctuations, to the Kostiakov constants. The objectives were to investigate the effects of wetness, soil depth, and compaction on the Kostiakov constants “a”, and “b”. The experimental unit consisted of nine polyvinyl cylinders. Statistical analysis under a randomized block design with three replications and three factors: wetness with five levels, soil depth (0-15, 15-30 and 45-60) and compaction with three levels (0, 13 and 26 blows). The relation between the instantaneous infiltration versus compaction and bulk density were inversely proportional. The parameter “a” influenced infiltration more than “b”. Soil texture and structure influenced “b” more than wetness. Wetness influenced “a” more than compaction and soil depth. Kostiakov parameters exposed physical relations to soil texture and structure.

scholarly journals Economic analysis of agroforestry systems with candeia

CERNE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Plínio de Castro Silva ◽  
Luiz Moreira Coelho Junior ◽  
Antonio Donizette de Oliveira ◽  
José Roberto Soares Scolforo ◽  
José Luiz Pereira de Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Set Up

Cultivation of nonnative candeia under conditions of monoculture or in agroforestry systems comes as an interesting alternative to meet the market demand for timber from this particular species, while at the same time helping reduce pressure on native candeia fragments. The objective of this study was to analyze the economic feasibility of candeia cultivation, in risk situations, under conditions of monoculture and intercropped with other agricultural crops. The study site is located in the municipality of Baependi, southern Minas Gerais state, and the experiment was set up in an area of 3.2 hectares, using a randomized block design with six treatments and three replicates. The analysis of economic feasibility was performed using the Net Present Value method for an infinite planning horizon (VPL  ). For the risk analysis, the Monte Carlo method was used. The agroforestry systems being tested were found to be economically feasible, noting that the system in which candeia is cultivated at spacing intervals of 10 x 2 meters, intercropped with corn in between rows, is more profitable and less risky than the others. Candeia cultivation as a monoculture is economically feasible, provided that soil tillage is done conventionally.

scholarly journals Effects of Tillage Management on Soil Porosity and Bulk Density on Rape (Brasica Napus)

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana BALAN ◽  
L. RAUS ◽  
G. JITAREA
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Tillage System

Soil tillage systems have a major influence on soil physical characteristics. Optimal soil physical conditions for crop rooting are a result of complex interactions between soil structure and oxygen and water supply to plants roots. The experiment has been conducted in the Didactic Station of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, Ezareni Farm. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the influence of three soil tillage systems (a reduced tillage system, a no-tillage system and conventional tillage system) on several physical characteristics of the soil, such as soil bulk density, soil porosity and soil structural stability.

scholarly journals Minimum Tillage and in situ Mulch Increasing the Population and Biomass of Earthworms Under Mung Bean Cultivation on Ultisol Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Septi Nurul Aini ◽  
Sri Yusnaini ◽  
Tunsiyah Tunsiyah ◽  
Ainin Niswati
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Earthworm Population ◽  
Tillage System

Earthworms are important soil biota that can be used as  an indicator of soil fertility. Soil tillage systems and application of organic mulch will affect the activity of earthworms. This research was aimed to study the effect of tillage systems and the application of in situ mulch, and their interactions on the population and the biomass of earthworms. The study was conducted from April to July 2017 at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The study was arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) in a factorial treatment with two factors.  The first factor was the tillage system  which consisted of the minimum tillage and the intensive tillage. The second factor was the application of in situ mulch, which consisted of the application of 0 Mg ha-1 or without mulch and the application of 5 Mg ha-1  in situ mulch.The data obtained were tested for homogeneity of variance with the Bartlett Test and its additivity with the Tukey Test. Data were further analyzed for the analysis of variance and for the LSD’s Test at the level of 5%. The relationship between soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil organic-C and soil pH with population and biomass earthworm was tested by correlation test. The results showed that the earthworm population and the earthworm biomass at 80 DAP in the minimum tillage  was higher than that of the intensive tillage. The earthworm population for all detected planting stages (before tillage, 40 DAP and 80 DAP) with the of application of 5 Mg ha-1 in situ mulch was higher than that of the application of no mulch.  There is no interaction between the tillage system and the application of in situ mulch at 0 DAP, 40 DAP, and 80 DAP.  The genus of earthworms found in all treatment plots was genus Pheretima under the family of Megascolecidae.

scholarly journals Avaliação da compactação do solo por meio de um ensaio oedometrico

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
Alex Rogerdan Medeiros ◽  
Cícero Luiz Câmara Júnior ◽  
Joaquim Odilon Pereira ◽  
Francisco Assis de Oliveira ◽  
Joaquim Amaro Filho
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rural Zone

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a compactação do solo por meio de um ensaio oedometrico. O estudo foi desenvolvido na fazenda experimental Rafael Fernandes, da UFERSA localizada em Alagoinha, zona rural do município de Mossoró/RN.O experimento foi conduzido  no período de Março de 2012 à Agosto de 2012. Os parâmetros analisados foram densidade do solo, matéria orgânica, índices de vazios estruturais, índice de compressão. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados por três profundidades de solo 0,0-0,05m; 0,05-0,10m e 0,10-0,20m. Os resultados evidenciaram que os valores de Matéria orgânica e densidade do solo variaram inversamente. O ensaio oedometrico revelou que o índice de vazios estrutural do solo e reduzido com o aumento da densidade do solo e com o teor de água para uma mesma pressão aplicada. Para o mesmo teor de água o índice de vazios estrutural diminuiu com o aumento da pressão aplicada. O índice de compressão do solo diminuiu com a profundidade.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p>Evaluation of soil compaction by means of a test oedometrico</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT-</strong> This study aimed to assess soil compaction through an essay oedometrico. The study was conducted at the experimental farm, Rafael Fernandes of UFERSA located in Alagoinha, rural zone of Mossoró / RN.The experiment was conducted in the period from March 2012 to August 2012. The parameters analyzed were bulk density, void ratio structural compression index and soil organic matter. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of three soil depths (0.0-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m) The results showed that the values of organic matter decreased with increasing soil depth. The bulk density increased with depth, with a smaller value obtained in the 0 to 5 cm. The oedometer test revealed that the void content of the soil decreased with increased soil density and moisture content for the same pressure applied. For the same water content of the structural void ratio decreased with increasing applied pressure. The rate of compression of the soil decreased with depth.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"><br /></span></p>

scholarly journals The Effects of Management (Tillage, Fertilization, Plant Density) on Soybean Yield and Quality in a Three-Year Experiment under Transylvanian Plain Climate Conditions

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Felicia Chețan ◽  
Cornel Chețan ◽  
Ileana Bogdan ◽  
Adrian Ioan Pop ◽  
Paula Ioana Moraru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System

The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops, but microclimate changes related to global warming have imposed the need for agrotechnical adaptive measures in order to maintain the level of soybean yield. In this study, we consider the effect of two soil tillage systems, the seeding rate, as well as the fertilizer dosage and time of application on the yield and quality of soybean crops. A multifactorial experiment was carried out through the A × B × C × D − R: 3 × 2 × 3 × 3 − 2 formula, where A represents the year (a1, 2017; a2, 2018; and a3, 2019); B represents the soil tillage system (b1, conventional tillage with mouldboard plough; b2, reduced tillage with chisel cultivator); C represents the fertilizer variants (c1, unfertilized; c2, one single rate of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus; and c3, two rates of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus (at sowing) + 46 kg ha−1 of nitrogen at V3 stage); D represents the seeding rate (1 = 45 germinating grains (gg) m−2; d2 = 55 gg m−2; and d3 = 65 gg m−2); and R represents the replicates (r1 = the first and r2 = the second). Tillage had no effect, the climate specific of the years and fertilization affected the yield and the quality parameters. Regarding the soybean yield, it reacted favorably to a higher seeding rate (55–65 gg m−2) and two rates of fertilization. The qualitative characteristics of soybeans are affected by the fertilization rates applied to the crop, which influence the protein and fiber content in the soybean grains. Higher values of protein content were recorded with a reduced tillage system, i.e., 38.90 g kg−1 DM in the variant with one single rate of fertilization at a seeding rate of 45 gg per m−2 and 38.72 g kg−1 DM in the variant with two fertilizations at a seeding rate of 65 gg m−2.

scholarly journals Trace Metal Distribution and Mobility in Soils after Silvicultural Thinning and Burning

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Ngowari Jaja ◽  
Monday Mbila ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Silvicultural thinning and burning are common management practices that are widely used to address ecosystem problems such as tree stocking and general forest health. However, high-severity fire has variable effects on soils, resulting in damages which are directly or indirectly reflected on the trace metal chemistry of the soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the trace metal variation at the Bankhead National Forest in Northern Alabama following the silvicultural thinning and burning. The experimental site had treatments consisting of two burning patterns and three levels of thinning as part of an overall treatment of three burning patterns and three levels of thinning applied to nine treatment plots to fit a completely randomized block design experiment. Four treatments sites were used for this study and samples were collected from soil profile pits excavated at representative plots within each treatment. The samples were analyzed for trace metals-As, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb-using Perkin Elmer 2100 ICP-OES. Post treatment samples indicated that the trace metal concentrations generally decreased with soil depth. Copper, Ni, and Zn at the Pre-burn site gradually increased with depth to a maximum concentration at about 50 cm below the soil surface. Arsenic in the surface horizons increased by 156% in the burn-only sites, 54% in the thin-only treatment, 30% for the burn and thin treatments. Such differences were unlikely due to differences in the geochemistry of the parent material, but likely due to anthropogenic activities and possibly the forest management practices in question.

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