scholarly journals Forns index as a useful noninvasive predictor of esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Rizqi Arini Siregar ◽  
Leonardo Basa Dairi ◽  
Gontar Alamsyah Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Varices ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background<br />Rupture and bleeding from esophageal varices are major complications of portal hypertension and associated with a high mortality rate. Non-invasive serum markers of liver fibrosis could be used as predictors of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of Forns index as a noninvasive predictor in diagnosing esophageal varices.<br /><br />Methods<br />A cross-sectional study was done in 51 cirrhotic patients who were admitted to Adam Malik hospital, Medan. Demographic and clinical data were recorded and laboratory tests were performed, so that Forns index could be calculated. The difference between Forns index and size of esophageal varices as determined by endoscopy was tested by independent-t and Mann-Whitney analysis. The diagnostic performance was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, likelihood ratios and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC). <br /><br />Results<br />Of the 51 patients with esophageal varices included in this study, the size of esophageal varices comprised F2 (37.3%), F3 (33.3), and F1 (29.4%). Most patients were of Child-Plug C type (52.6%). There was a significant difference between Forns index and grade of esophageal varices. The AUROC for Forns index was 0.717 (95% CI: 0.561 - 0.872) and the cut-off &gt;7.92 was highly predictive to diagnose large esophageal varices with a sensitivity of 63.9%, specificity of 73.3%, PPV of 85.2%, NPV of 45.8% and accuracy of 71.7%.<br /><br />Conclusion<br />Forns index was significantly increased in large esophageal varices. Forns index is a good noninvasive predictor of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of GeneXpert MTB/RIF for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a hospital in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 816-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingyu Tang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Xiaoling Lu ◽  
Qingdong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective To evaluate the performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in China. Methods This cross-sectional study included sputum specimens of 240 suspected TB cases. Specimens were examined by light microscopy for the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which were cultured by the BACTEC MGIT 960 (M960) system and detected by the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. The positive rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and average turnaround time of methods were evaluated. Results The positive rate was 36.6% (87/238) for the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and 34.0% (81/238) by M960 culture, with no significant difference between methods (χ2 = 0.33, p > 0.05). According to culture results, sensitivity of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay was 84.0% (68/81), specificity was 87.8% (129/147), the PPV was 78.2% (68/87), and the NPV was 87.2% (129/148). The agreement for results between Gene Xpert MTB/RIF and the M960 system was 82.8% and the Kappa value was 0.73. Conclusion The GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay is a simple, rapid, and accurate test for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum specimens.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Arcus Corneae For Age Estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Boonsak Hanterdsith
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Although the arcus corneae (AC) has long been used as an age indicator for forensic purposes, its diagnostic value has not been evaluated. To evaluate the AC as a predictor of chronological age, the author has studied the correlation of AC with respect to age of the deceased. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 342 Thai corpses at the Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, Thailand. AC was graded into three levels: no AC, incomplete ring, and complete ring. One-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, binomial logistic regression, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were used for analysis. The Cohen’s kappa was used to determine the intraobserver and interobserver reliability. The prevalence of AC and the probability of complete AC were significant higher in corpses aged 60 years and above than in those under 60 years. Consequently, this study confirmed that the prevalence of AC was significantly correlated with the age of Thai individuals. If the complete AC is used as an indicator of age of 60 years and above, complete AC has high sensitivity (92.56%) but low specificity (72.85%), low positive predictive value (65.12%), but high negative predictive value (94.71%). For diagnostic value, the presence of AC can be used for age screening but not for absolute confirmation. The absence of AC indicates young age, incomplete AC indicates middle age, and complete AC indicates old age. The high intraobserver and interobserver reliability provides assurance of the value of AC as a means to estimate personal age.

scholarly journals PO 8496 ACCURACY OF DIAGNOSIS AND HAEMATOLOGICAL DIFFERENCE AMONG MALARIA PATIENTS IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN THE ASHANTI REGION OF GHANA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A46.2-A46
Author(s):  
Abdul-Hakim Mutala ◽  
Kingsley Badu ◽  
Austine Tweneboah ◽  
Samul Agordzo ◽  
Dawood Ackom Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Density ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

BackgroundOver recent years, there has been an increase in the use of a histidine-rich protein 2(HRP-2)-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in the diagnosis of malaria. Accurate and prompt diagnosis of malaria will help reduce parasite reservoir and reduce malaria transmission. However, the underdiagnosis of malaria due to low parasite density hinders malaria eradication. The study aimed at establishing the baseline information on the accuracy of the HRP2-based RDT used in Ghana in three communities (Agona [rural], Kuntanase [peri-urban] and Kumasi [urban]) while determining the haematological difference among malaria patients.MethodsCross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2018. A total of 304 participants were recruited in the study. Microscopy and RDT were used in the detection of malaria parasitaemia in all the samples.ResultsThe overall sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value was 75.9%, 95.6%, 64.7% and 97.4% respectively. The HRP-2 based RDT was highly sensitive (100%) for parasite density ≥250 parasite µl and relatively low for parasite density ≤100 parasite/µl (50%- Kumasi, 67%- Agona and 75%- Kuntanase). On the other hand, Agona (rural) recorded the highest prevalence (15.8%) followed by Kumasi (urban) (9%) and Kuntanase (peri-urban) being the lowest (6.8%). The difference in prevalence was however not statistically significant across the three communities. The rural area also accounted for highest parasite density (mean 99.53) and lowest in urban (60.29) with a statistical difference (p<0.001). The difference in white blood cell levels was significant (<0.0001) across Agona, Kuntanase and Kumasi. RBC and Hb levels were however not significant.ConclusionThe high specificity observed indicates that the majority of the patients without malaria were correctly diagnosed. Notwithstanding, the sensitivity was relatively low and below the WHO standard of ≥95% hence a significant number of malaria-positive cases were misdiagnosed. It is therefore important that the accuracy of RDT should be frequently assessed to improve its quality.

Determination Of Factors Affecting Father-Baby Attachment

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emine Serap ÇAĞAN ◽  
Birsen KARACA SAYDAM ◽  
Sinem GÜLÜMSER ATEŞ ◽  
Rabia EKTİ GENÇ ◽  
Esin ÇEBER TURFAN
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Attachment Figure ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Package Program ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: The primary attachment figure is mostly defined as the mother, and studies focus on the mother. However, in many babies, basic attachment is just as good with the father as with the mother. It is seen that there are very few studies in the literature investigating the correlations of father-infant attachment relationships.. The aim of this study is to determine the father-infant attachment status and to determine the factors affecting attachment. Method: The population of the cross-sectional study consisted of the spouses of all puerperant women hospitalized in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between September 1, 2018 and October 1, 2018. The sample size consisted of 156 fathers who agreed to participate in the study. Father identification form and father-infant attachment scale were used to collect the study data. The analysis of the data obtained from the research was carried out on the computer using the SPSS 16.0 package program. Results: 156 fathers participated in the study. The mean age of the fathers is 33.64±6.49, and 38.5% of them have a bachelor's degree. 91.0% of fathers stated that they felt ready for fatherhood. The fathers' Father-Infant Attachment Scale mean score was 82.60±7.72 In the analysis, the difference between the variables and the total score of the scale was found to be statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: At the end of the study, the bonding process of fathers participating in the study with their babies and the factors affecting this process were evaluated and it was seen that the father-infant attachment scale mean scores of the fathers participating in the study were high and were similar to other studies. In addition, when the basic factors affecting father-infant attachment were compared with the attachment scale mean score, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference.

scholarly journals Role of transvaginal sonography in the detection of endometrial carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
MS Showkat ◽  
S Nabi ◽  
L Khondker ◽  
B Bhowmik ◽  
SN Tushar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Transabdominal Sonography

Transvagival sonography is superior to transabdominal sonography in most cases of pelvic pathology. Objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) in pre, peri and post menopausal women suspected to have endometrial carcinoma. This cross sectional study was done with 40 patients who are clinically suspected having thickened endometrium. The study was carried out January 2007 to November 2008 for a period of two years. The patients having endometrial carcinoma diagnosed by TVS was correlated with histopathological diagnosis following collection of the report from the respective cases. Of total 40 cases, 2(5.0%) cases were endometrial carcinoma and 38(95.0%) were negative for endometrial carcinoma respectively in TVS findings. On the other hand 3(7.5%) cases were endometrial carcinoma and 37 (92.5%) cases were negative for endometrial carcinoma in histopathological findings. The validity of TVS in diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma were studied by calculating sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, which were 67 percent, 100 percent, 98 percent, 100 percent and 97 percent respectively. As the TVS findings of the present study correlated well with the histopathology findings and the validity test values were higher than observed by others, it can be concluded that TVS is sensitive and accurate modality in the evaluation of endometrial carcinoma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i2.19647 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39: 80-85

scholarly journals Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcome among Booked and Unbooked Patients at tertiary Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Shanti Sunuwar Subedi ◽  
Rakina Bhansakarya ◽  
Sajjan Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome in booked and unbooked cases. Objectives: To assess the maternal and fetal outcomes in unbooked and booked patients. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from Augustti2019 to January 2020. Using a convenient sampling technique, 204 samples were taken and cross-sectional study was done. Results: There were total 204 cases in this study;102were booked and 102 were unbooked. In this study, 85(83%) of booked cases were educated up to secondary level as compared toti65 (64%) of unbooked cases. There was no significant difference in Apgar score in 1 and 5 minute between booked and unbooked cases. More babies in the unbooked group were transferred to NICU as compared to the booked group and the difference was significant (9.8%vs 1.9%). Greater proportion of booked cases had spontaneous vaginal delivery (81.3% vs 59.8%) and complications like preterm delivery, anemia, preeclampsia/ eclampsia, complicated labor and puerperal sepsis was also less in the booked group. Conclusions: The study showed that unbooked mothers and their newborns had higher chance of having complications.

scholarly journals ACCURACY OF THE UPPER LIP BITE TEST;

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ATIF ◽  
MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH ◽  
MUHAMMAD JAVAD YOUSAF ◽  
Khalid Buland
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Difficult Intubation ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: To compare the accuracy of Upper lip bite test with modified Mallampati classification for predicting the difficultlaryngoscopic intubation. Study Design: Cross sectional Study. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Department ofAnaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain management, Combined Military hospital, Rawalpindi from September 2008 to August 2009.Patients and Methods: Four hundred patients undergoing elective surgery meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled afterwritten informed consent. The airways of the patients were evaluated by using the modified Mallampati classification (MMP) and theUpper lip bite test (ULBT). MMP class 3 or 4 and ULBT class 3 were considered as indicators of difficult intubation. The laryngeal view wasgraded by Cormack and Lehane classification (Gold standard). Grade 1 or 2 was considered to represent easy intubation and grade 3 or 4to represent difficult intubation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy werecalculated for both the tests separately by using the 2×2 table. Results: ULBT had a higher accuracy of 94%, specificity of 99.2% andpositive predictive value 70% compared to MMP accuracy of 82.7%, specificity of 84.4% and positive predictive value of 22.7%.Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of the Upper lip bite test was more than the modified Mallampati classification. We suggest that itbe compared with the other prevailing tests as well which are often used to assess difficult intubations.

scholarly journals Analgesic Effect of Apotel Versus Pethidine After Hemilaminectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Emamhadi ◽  
◽  
Hamid Behzadnia ◽  
Seifollah Jafari ◽  
Mohammadreza Zamanidoust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
The Difference

Background: Postoperative pain is a common phenomenon, and its management affects considerably on the recovery process, and patients’ satisfaction. Apotel and pethidine are two conventional medicines used to relieve pain after operation. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effect of intravenous injection of Apotel and intramuscular injection of pethidine in relieving pain after hemilaminectomy. Materials & Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 150 patients who underwent hemilaminectomy were recruited between May 2015 and November 2015. They were taking either Apotel (n=75) or pethidine (n=75) after the operation, which was done at Poursina Hospital affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht City, Iran. The patients’ pain levels were measured using visual analog scale (VAS), and the results were compared between the 2 groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the total VAS score between the Apotel and pethidine groups (P=0.189). However, there was a significant reduction in VAS score hours 2 (P=0.03) and 4 (P=0.004) hours after the injection of Apotel in this group, compared with those scores in the pethidine group. Also, VAS scores at other times (8, 12, 20, 28 hours after the injection) were lower than those in the pethidine group, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Apotel was better pain-killer in the early hours after the first injection compared to pethidine. But its effect was similar to pethidine at the late hours after the first injection. Therefore it seems that Apotel is better painkiller after laminectomy, especially in the early hours after the operation.

scholarly journals Platelet count can predict the grade of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Anum Afsar ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Syed Asim Ali Shah ◽  
Huma Hussain ◽  
Aysha Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Esophageal Varices ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Variceal Hemorrhage ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Background: Bleeding from esophageal varices is a life-threatening complication in cirrhosis. Screening endoscopy is recommended in cirrhotic patients to identify patients at risk of variceal hemorrhage, but this is an invasive procedure and has limitations. Therefore, thrombocytopenia has been proposed to predict the existence and grade of esophageal varices. The aim of the current study was to determine a correlation between platelet count and grades of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the POF Hospital, Wah Cantt from 1st October, 2017 to 30th May, 2018. Newly diagnosed cases of cirrhosis having varices of any grade on endoscopy were included. Endoscopic findings of patients were standardized using Paquet grading system. On the basis of platelet count, patients were divided into four subgroups. Platelet count groups were correlated with grading of esophageal varices using Spearman rank correlations. Chi Square test was used to see association between the platelet count and grade of esophageal varices. Results: 110 patients were included in the study, 55.5% (n=61) were male. Mean age of the patients was 59.89±9.01 years. Platelet count was <50,000/uL in 35.5% patients, 50,000-99,000/uL in 26.4%, 100,000-150000 in 12.7%, and >150,000/uL in 25.5% patients. Grade I esophageal varices were found in 23.6% of patients, whereas grade II, III and IV were found in 24.5%, 33.6% and 18.2% of patients, respectively. Mean platelet count was 213884.62/mm3 in patients with grade I varices, whereas it was 119518.52/mm3, 58386.49/mm3 and 21600.00/mm3 in patients with grade II, III and IV varices, respectively (p=<0.0001). A significant negative correlation between platelet count and grades of esophageal varices was found (p<0.001). Conclusion: Platelet count can predict the grade of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. There is significant negative correlation between platelet count and grades of esophageal varices.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Specificity, Sensitivity and Accuracy of Goniometry Method Compared to Tape Method for Measuring Trunk Mobility in Normal Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Purvi Patel
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spine Mobility ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Normal Adults

Measurement of lumbar range of motion (LROM) is a routine method in the examination of patients with low back pain. There is no standard technique which may be used to accurately describe the range of motion in the different plane. So in present study, an attempt has been made to compare goniometric measurement with tape measurement for its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for measuring spine mobility in normal adults. In this cross sectional study, 137 healthy adults between the ages of 18-26 years of age were included consecutively and assessed using Tape method and goniometry for trunk mobility in all planes (sagittal, frontal and transverse). The association of goniometry with tape method was assessed using chi square test. The study showed that the difference between goniometry and tape method was statistically significant (p value <0.05) for all movements except flexion (p value 0.215). Also the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of goniometry is not as good as tape method except for flexion compared to tape method. So, from this study we can conclude that Goniometry was not as good as tape method for all movements except forward flexion where both can be equally used.

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