scholarly journals Low body mass index increases risk of anemia in patients with HIV-AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Mirna Widiyanti ◽  
Reynold Ubra ◽  
Eva Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Low Body Mass Index ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background<br />In acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases, cytopenias of all major blood cell lines were increasingly recognized in patients with HIV infection. Anemia commonly occurs during HIV infection and has been associated with increased progression to AIDS and decreased survival. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors in adults with HIV-AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). <br /><br />Methods<br />A cross sectional study was conducted involving 90 adults with HIV-AIDS. Sociodemographic data were collected using a questionnaire. In all patients, CD4+ lymphocyte counts were performed by means of a PIMA analyzer, while hemoglobin was determined using a Sysmex hematology analyzer. The WHO cutoff value of hemoglobin was adjusted to altitude to define anemia. Mild to moderate anemia was defined as hemoglobin 8-13 g/dL for men and 8-12 g/dL for women. Severe anemia was defined as hemoglobin 8 g/dL. Data was analyzed by using logistic regression test.<br /><br />Results<br />There were 90 subjects with HIV-AIDS in this study. Anemia was found in 50 subjects (55.6%), consisting of 12.2% with mild anemia and 43.4% with moderate to severe anemia. Multiple logistic regression showed that an important risk factor for anemia was low body mass index (BMI) between &lt;17-18.5 (OR=4.20; 95% CI=1.23-14.36). However, the CD4 &lt;350 cells/mm3 was not a significant risk factor for anemia (OR=1.03; 95% CI=0.21-5.04).<br /><br />Conclusions<br />Low BMI increases the risk of anemia in subjects with HIV receiving ART. Better screening for anemia and infectious diseases, and modified harm reduction strategy for injection drug users are primary needs in HIV patients.

scholarly journals Underweight increases the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in adult

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Galuh Chandra Irawan ◽  
Ani Margawati ◽  
Ali Rosidi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Low Body Mass Index

<p>Background<br />Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in middle- and low-income countries. The risk of developing TB may be related to nutritional status. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors are also shown to increase the susceptibility to TB infection. The objective of this study was to determine nutritional factors as risk factors of pulmonary TB in adult.</p><p>Methods<br />This was an observational study of case control design. The study subjects were community members consisting of 19 adult cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 38 controls. Data on nutritional intakes were obtained by semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), while smoking behavior, history of DM, body mass index, education, and income were obtained by structured interviews. The data were analyzed by independent t-test and logistic regression for calculation of the odds ratio (OR).</p><p>Results<br />The bivariate test showed that the adequacy levels for energy (OR=6.8; 95% CI: 1.51-30.54), protein (OR=5.1; 95% CI: 1.52-17.14), vitamin A (OR=4.2; 5% CI: 1.31-13.54), vitamin C (OR=3.8;95% CI: 1.21-12.36), selenium (OR=4.2; 95% CI: 1.34-13.58), body mass index (OR=4.4; 95% CI: 1.32-14.35) and smoking behavior (OR=3.7; 95% CI: 1.15-11.9), were significant risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis. Multiple logistic regression test showed that low body mass index (&lt;18.5 kg/m2) (OR=6.0; 95% CI: 1.32-27.18) was a the most influential risk factor of pulmonary tuberculosis.</p><p>Conclusion<br />Low body mass index is the most influential risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in adult. Nutrition profile in adult is an important determinant of TB incidence.</p>

scholarly journals Body mass index increases CD4+ count in HIV/AIDS patients on first-line therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Mirna Widiyanti ◽  
Moch Irfan Hadi ◽  
Mei Lina Fitri Kumalasari ◽  
Evi Iriani Natalia ◽  
Dedi Ananta Purba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
First Line ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background<br />The body mass index (BMI) may contribute somewhat to drug metabolism, thus affecting the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART). CD4+ counts   in people infected with HIV are essential in determining the stage of the disease, initiation of antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections and evaluating treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the association of BMI and clinical stage with CD4+ counts in HIV patients seeking treatment using first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART).<br /><br />Methods<br />An analytic study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted involving 251 HIV/AIDS patients who had received first-line antiretrovirals over six months. BMI, clinical staging according to WHO and CD4 + were collected. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between BMI, clinical stage and CD4+.<br /><br />Results<br />Among the enrolled patients, the median age was 36 years, 135 (55%) of the patients was female, 102 (40.6%) was overweight/obese, 161 (64.1%) was in stage 3 of the disease, and the median CD4+ count was 389 cells/mm3. Multiple linear regression test showed two variables with a significant effect on CD4+ count, namely BMI (B=69.247; 95 % CI : 42.886-95.608) and clinical stage (B=61.590; 28.910-94.270). BMI was the most influencing factor for CD4+ count (β=0.307) compared to clinical stage (β=0.216). <br /><br />Conclusions<br />Body mass index was the most influencing factor for CD4 + counts of HIV/AIDS patients. Regular ART can increase CD4+ counts and maintain the health of HIV/AIDS patients.

TB and HIV/AIDS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Hiv Aids

This chapter examines the dual epidemic of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. There have been some major successes in the control of both HIV/AIDS and TB. The discovery and widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is among the greatest advances in public health during the past thirty years. The rise of TB cases in Africa and elsewhere and on the discovery and implementation of control measures raise a series of questions about the population biology of TB linked to HIV/AIDS. The chapter first provides an overview of HIV infection as a risk factor for TB before discussing the global epidemiology of TB linked to HIV/AIDS. It then describes the anatomy of a TB-HIV epidemic, along with TB control in the presence of HIV. In particular, it considers ART and isoniazid preventive therapy. The chapter concludes with the argument that the DOTS strategy is necessary but not sufficient for TB–HIV control.

scholarly journals Clinical and histopathological characteristics in patients with postmenopausal bleeding

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljosa Mandic ◽  
Bojana Gutic ◽  
Tatjana Kapicl-Ivkovic ◽  
Ljiljana Segedi-Mladenovic ◽  
Mihaela Mocko-Kacanski
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Postmenopausal Bleeding ◽  
Postmenopausal Period ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Incidence of endometrial carcinoma in Vojvodina is 15-20/100 000. In 75% cases, endometrial carcinoma is diagnosed in postmenopausal period. In 90 % of patients, the first clinical sign is postmenopausal bleeding. The aim of the study was to investigate clinical and histopathological characteristics in patients with postmenopausal bleeding. Methods: The study included 122 patients with postmenopausal bleeding. All of these patients underwent gynecological examination and vaginal ultrasound. We obtained materials for histopathological analysis by fractionate explorative curettage. Once we had definitive histopathological findings, we divided patients in two groups A (endometrial carcinoma) and B (benign changes). Results: We confirmed significant statistical differences between examined group A and B, including age (64.49 compared with 58.81 years), postmenopausal period (13.67 instead 9.11 years), and length of uterine corpus (6.41 instead 5.25 cm). Conclusion: Elderly women with longer postmenopausal interval and postmenopausal bleeding had increased risk for endometrial carcinoma. Measurement of endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasound appeared to be insufficient parameter for differentiating the benign from the malignant changes of endometrium. Patients with endometrial carcinoma had significantly longer corpus of uterus comparing to patients with benign changes. Body mass index was not found to be significant risk factor in development of endometrial carcinoma in the examined groups. Obesity was diagnosed in both groups, suggesting that increased body mass index is a risk factor for development of pathological changes in endometrium, which could lead to postmenopausal bleeding.

479: Low body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for increased markers of acute inflammation among early preterm births (PTB)

2009 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. S180
Author(s):  
Tamula Patterson ◽  
Suzanne Cliver ◽  
Ona Faye-Petersen ◽  
Robert Goldenberg ◽  
William Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Low Body Mass Index

The Effect of Body Mass Index on Posttraumatic Transfusion after Pelvic Trauma

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin E. Richards ◽  
Brent J. Morris ◽  
Oscar D. Guillamondegui ◽  
Kyle R. Sweeney ◽  
Marc A. Tressler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Pelvic Trauma ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
To Receive

The impact of body mass index (BMI) on posttraumatic blood transfusion after pelvic trauma is not well known. We conducted a retrospective review of trauma registry data over a 5-year period. Patients were stratified by BMI as normal: less than 25 kg/m2, overweight: 25 to 29.9 kg/m2, obese: 30 to 39.9 kg/m2, and morbidly obese: 40 kg/m2 or greater. Fractures were identified as “likely to receive transfusion” based on literature. Multivariable logistic regression modeling evaluated the relationship between BMI and initial posttraumatic transfusion. A second regression model was created to test the effect of BMI after adjusting for fractures “less likely to receive transfusion.” Sixty-six of 244 patients (27.3%) received transfusion (mean: 1.1 ± 2.3 units). Morbid obesity was associated with transfusion (less than 55.6 vs 24.8%; P < 0.05) and units of total blood transfused (2.2 ± 2.9 vs 1.0 ± 2.2 mL; P < 0.05). The average age of patients who received a blood transfusion was significantly older compared with patients who did not receive a transfusion (45.4 ± 18.8 vs 36.1 ± 16.1 years; P < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, morbid obesity was a significant risk factor for transfusion (odds ratio [OR], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 12.0). Adjusting by age and fracture patterns “less likely to receive transfusion,” morbid obesity remained a risk factor for transfusion (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.5 to 12.9). Morbid obesity represented a significant risk factor for posttraumatic transfusion in isolated pelvic trauma, even for fracture patterns “less likely to receive transfusion.”

scholarly journals Low body mass index is a risk factor forimpaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans: role of nitric oxide and oxidative stress

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihito Higashi ◽  
Shota Sasaki ◽  
Keigo Nakagawa ◽  
Masashi Kimura ◽  
Kensuke Noma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Body Mass Index ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) Dan Rasio Lingkar Pinggang Dan Panggul (RLPP) Sebagai Prediktor

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriza Agustiningrum ◽  
Nur Lathifah Mardiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Logistic Regression Test

Abstract: Elderly, Hypertension, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and Hip. The problem of hypertension is one of the most common diseases in elderly people. Risk factors that can cause hypertension are obesity and central obesity. That is caused by the lack of appropriateness of eating intake with activity in the elderly are declining. So there is a possibility of normal BMI and RLPP will reduce the risk of hypertension. This study aims to determine IMT and RLPP measurements as a predictor of hypertension. This type of research is observational with cross-sectional design and the number of research subjects is 71 elderly who suffer from hypertension and not hypertension. Sampling using total sampling method. Data analysis was done by univariate and bivariate analysis using chi-square test and logistic regression test. The result of statistic test showed that there was a correlation between body mass index with hypertension 0,002 (p <0,002) and BMI was risk factor proved by RR 2,228 (CI 1,3333,723). There is a relationship between RLPP with hypertension 0.000 (p <0.000) and RLPP is hypertension risk factor with RR value 4,340 (CI 1,896-9,933). The result of BMT logistic regression test is not a predictor of hypertension, but RLPP is a predictor to determine hypertension with the formula Y = -3,614 + 2,285X1. It is advisable for the elderly to maintain normal RLPP in order to reduce the risk of hypertension.

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