Clinical and histopathological characteristics in patients with postmenopausal bleeding

Background: Incidence of endometrial carcinoma in Vojvodina is 15-20/100 000. In 75% cases, endometrial carcinoma is diagnosed in postmenopausal period. In 90 % of patients, the first clinical sign is postmenopausal bleeding. The aim of the study was to investigate clinical and histopathological characteristics in patients with postmenopausal bleeding. Methods: The study included 122 patients with postmenopausal bleeding. All of these patients underwent gynecological examination and vaginal ultrasound. We obtained materials for histopathological analysis by fractionate explorative curettage. Once we had definitive histopathological findings, we divided patients in two groups A (endometrial carcinoma) and B (benign changes). Results: We confirmed significant statistical differences between examined group A and B, including age (64.49 compared with 58.81 years), postmenopausal period (13.67 instead 9.11 years), and length of uterine corpus (6.41 instead 5.25 cm). Conclusion: Elderly women with longer postmenopausal interval and postmenopausal bleeding had increased risk for endometrial carcinoma. Measurement of endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasound appeared to be insufficient parameter for differentiating the benign from the malignant changes of endometrium. Patients with endometrial carcinoma had significantly longer corpus of uterus comparing to patients with benign changes. Body mass index was not found to be significant risk factor in development of endometrial carcinoma in the examined groups. Obesity was diagnosed in both groups, suggesting that increased body mass index is a risk factor for development of pathological changes in endometrium, which could lead to postmenopausal bleeding.

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The Effect of Body Mass Index on Posttraumatic Transfusion after Pelvic Trauma

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481508100324 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 239-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Justin E. Richards ◽

Brent J. Morris ◽

Oscar D. Guillamondegui ◽

Kyle R. Sweeney ◽

Marc A. Tressler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Morbid Obesity ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Body Mass ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Pelvic Trauma ◽

Fracture Patterns ◽

To Receive

The impact of body mass index (BMI) on posttraumatic blood transfusion after pelvic trauma is not well known. We conducted a retrospective review of trauma registry data over a 5-year period. Patients were stratified by BMI as normal: less than 25 kg/m2, overweight: 25 to 29.9 kg/m2, obese: 30 to 39.9 kg/m2, and morbidly obese: 40 kg/m2 or greater. Fractures were identified as “likely to receive transfusion” based on literature. Multivariable logistic regression modeling evaluated the relationship between BMI and initial posttraumatic transfusion. A second regression model was created to test the effect of BMI after adjusting for fractures “less likely to receive transfusion.” Sixty-six of 244 patients (27.3%) received transfusion (mean: 1.1 ± 2.3 units). Morbid obesity was associated with transfusion (less than 55.6 vs 24.8%; P < 0.05) and units of total blood transfused (2.2 ± 2.9 vs 1.0 ± 2.2 mL; P < 0.05). The average age of patients who received a blood transfusion was significantly older compared with patients who did not receive a transfusion (45.4 ± 18.8 vs 36.1 ± 16.1 years; P < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, morbid obesity was a significant risk factor for transfusion (odds ratio [OR], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 12.0). Adjusting by age and fracture patterns “less likely to receive transfusion,” morbid obesity remained a risk factor for transfusion (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.5 to 12.9). Morbid obesity represented a significant risk factor for posttraumatic transfusion in isolated pelvic trauma, even for fracture patterns “less likely to receive transfusion.”

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The influence of obesity in patients with prostate cancer - Review of the literature

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v3i4.63 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maximilien C. Goris Gbenou

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Body Mass ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Increased Risk

Recent studies have demonstrated an association between higher body mass index and increased aggressiveness in prostate cancer. The present narrative review, based on a search of Medline® and Embase® databases from October 1982 to October 2012, explores the relationship between higher body mass index and localized prostate cancer. In particular, the current epidemiological and mechanistic evidence for interactions between obesity and prostate cancer are discussed. Obesity is associated with alterations in androgen levels, decreased sex hormone binding globulin and increased estrogen levels, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, alterations in plasma lipoprotein levels particularly raised triglycerides and reduced high density lipoprotein, decreased levels of adiponectin, and increased levels of circulating insulin-growth factor- 1, leptin and dietary saturated fats. Obese men have more aggressive prostate cancer with a greater percentage prostate involvement, increased tumor volume and higher-grade disease, enlarged prostates, high prostate-specific antigen levels, increased risk of having positive margins and recurrence. Moreover, there is strong evidence of the beneficial effects of functional foods for the treatment of obesity. Additionally, an increasing number of studies support that obesity-induced inflammation plays an important role in the development of obesity-related pathologies. Despite, the beneficial role of nutriment in prostate cancer control, the use of functional foods in prostate cancer is not recommended for lack of large epidemiological studies. This data supports the hypothesis that obese men have more aggressive prostate cancers and that the obesity is a modifiable risk factor of prostate cancer. Key Words: prostate cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, high BMI, risk factor, diet, functional foods.

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Underweight increases the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in adult

Zinc supplementation improves heme biosynthesis in rats exposed to lead ◽

10.18051/univmed.2017.v36.4-10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Galuh Chandra Irawan ◽

Ani Margawati ◽

Ali Rosidi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Body Mass ◽

Low Income ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Low Body Mass Index

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in middle- and low-income countries. The risk of developing TB may be related to nutritional status. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors are also shown to increase the susceptibility to TB infection. The objective of this study was to determine nutritional factors as risk factors of pulmonary TB in adult.Methods This was an observational study of case control design. The study subjects were community members consisting of 19 adult cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 38 controls. Data on nutritional intakes were obtained by semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), while smoking behavior, history of DM, body mass index, education, and income were obtained by structured interviews. The data were analyzed by independent t-test and logistic regression for calculation of the odds ratio (OR).Results The bivariate test showed that the adequacy levels for energy (OR=6.8; 95% CI: 1.51-30.54), protein (OR=5.1; 95% CI: 1.52-17.14), vitamin A (OR=4.2; 5% CI: 1.31-13.54), vitamin C (OR=3.8;95% CI: 1.21-12.36), selenium (OR=4.2; 95% CI: 1.34-13.58), body mass index (OR=4.4; 95% CI: 1.32-14.35) and smoking behavior (OR=3.7; 95% CI: 1.15-11.9), were significant risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis. Multiple logistic regression test showed that low body mass index (<18.5 kg/m2) (OR=6.0; 95% CI: 1.32-27.18) was a the most influential risk factor of pulmonary tuberculosis.Conclusion Low body mass index is the most influential risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in adult. Nutrition profile in adult is an important determinant of TB incidence.

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Underweight as a risk factor for esophageal squamous cellcarcinoma: A nationwide population-based study.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.14 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 14-14

Author(s):

Yoon Jin Choi ◽

Dong Ho Lee

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Body Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Heavy Alcohol ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Heavy Alcohol Use ◽

The Mean

14 Background: Obesity is a well-known risk factor for the development of esophageal cancer (EC). However, the impact of underweight on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been fully recognized to date. Therefore, we herein sought to determine the risk of EC in subjects with underweight. Methods: We analyzed the clinical data from a total of 264,084 individuals with the age of 40 years or older, who received healthcare checkups arranged by the national insurance program, between 2003 and 2008. Newly diagnosed EC was identified using the claims data during a median follow-up duration of 7.9 years. Results: The mean body mass index (BMI) of patients was 23.80 ± 3.05kg/m2, and 6,784 individuals (2.6%) were classified as being underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2). During the study period, 278 individuals (0.1%) developed EC. It was determined that underweight and obesity—compared with normal weight—were significantly associated with 73% increased risk and 30% decreased risk of EC, respectively. Excess risk of EC in the underweight group was independent of age, gender, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Heavy alcohol use had a synergistically increasing effect for developing EC among those in the underweight group. Conclusions: The mean body mass index (BMI) of patients was 23.80 ± 3.05kg/m2, and 6,784 individuals (2.6%) were classified as being underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2). During the study period, 278 individuals (0.1%) developed EC. It was determined that underweight and obesity—compared with normal weight—were significantly associated with 73% increased risk and 30% decreased risk of EC, respectively. Excess risk of EC in the underweight group was independent of age, gender, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Heavy alcohol use had a synergistically increasing effect for developing EC among those in the underweight group.

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Overweight is Associated With Increased Incidence of Minor Complications After Reduction Mammoplasty: A Retrospective Analysis of 453 Consecutive Cases

Scandinavian Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1177/1457496917748225 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 107 (3) ◽

pp. 230-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Sutinen ◽

E. Eskelinen ◽

M. Kääriäinen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Body Mass ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Reduction Mammoplasty ◽

Tertiary Referral Center ◽

Major Complications ◽

Increased Risk

Background and Aims: Reduction mammoplasty alleviates macromastia symptoms and improves quality of life. We investigated a large series of consecutive reduction mammoplasties to assess various risk factors for both minor and major complications after the procedure. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 453 consecutive reduction mammoplasties was performed between 2007 and 2010 at an academic tertiary referral center to evaluate risk factors and complications. Results: The incidence of minor and major complications was 40.5% and 8.8%, respectively. Patients with minor complications had both a significantly higher mean body mass index (30.2 vs 28.0) and sternal notch to nipple distance (33.9 vs 32.4 cm) than patients who recovered without complications (p < 0.001 for both comparisons), as well as more visits to the outpatient clinic (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, body mass index was found to be the only significant risk factor for minor complications (p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients with body mass index higher than 27 had a 2.6-fold greater risk of minor complications (p < 0.001). An increase of one unit in body mass index increased the probability of minor complications by 14.1% (p < 0.001). 22 (4.9%) patients developed a hematoma requiring evacuation in the operating room. The mean body mass index of patients who developed a hematoma was 26.4, a value lower than that of patients without this complication (mean 29.0; p = 0.003). This finding was significant also in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.002). Conclusion: A higher body mass index was strongly associated with an increased risk of minor complications after reduction mammoplasty. It is important to inform obese patients about the increased risk of complications and to encourage them to lose weight before surgery.

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Body mass index and polygenic risk for Alzheimer’s disease predict conversion to Alzheimer’s disease

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glab117 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jena N Moody ◽

, Kate E Valerio ◽

M S, Alexander N Hasselbach ◽

Sarah Prieto ◽

M S, Mark W Logue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Body Mass ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Late Life ◽

Polygenic Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) although the relationship is complex. Obesity in midlife is associated with increased risk for AD, whereas evidence supports both higher and lower BMI increasing risk for AD in late life. This study examined the influence of individual differences in genetic risk for AD to further clarify the relationship between late-life BMI and conversion to AD. Participants included 52 individuals diagnosed as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline who converted to AD within 24 months and 52 matched MCI participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. BMI was measured at baseline. Genetic risk for AD was assessed via genome-wide polygenic risk scores. Conditional logistic regression models were run to determine if BMI and polygenic risk predicted conversion to AD. Results showed an interaction between BMI and genetic risk, such that individuals with lower BMI and higher polygenic risk were more likely to convert to AD relative to individuals with higher BMI. These results remained significant after adjusting for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of AD. Exploratory sex-stratified analyses revealed this relationship only remained significant in males. These results show that higher genetic risk in the context of lower BMI predicts conversion to AD in the next 24 months, particularly among males. These findings suggest that genetic risk for AD in the context of lower BMI may serve as a prodromal risk factor for future conversion to AD.

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Association between obesity and venous thromboembolism

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports ◽

10.15386/mpr-1372 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cristina Hotoleanu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Body Mass ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Increased Risk

Background and aims. Obesity is associated with numerous pathological conditions, including venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE is a multifactorial disease; more than half of the hospitalized patients are at risk for VTE. We aimed to assess the risk of VTE associated with obesity, taking into account the class of obesity (according to the body mass index), gender, age and the intervention of other acquired risk factors. Method. A case-control study including 732 patients was designed. Collected data included: age, gender, body mass index, pregnancy/ postpartum state, use of hormonal therapy, personal and family history of VTE, smoking, prolonged immobilization and the presence of comorbidities- acquired risk factors for VTE. The risk of VTE was expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to detect the independent risk factors. P value < 0.05 was considered significant statistic. Results. Obesity was associated with a 6.2- fold increased risk for VTE. The risk of VTE associated with obesity was highest in patients aged >50 years and in cases included in classes II and III of obesity. The interaction between obesity and another acquired risk factor has almost doubled the risk of VTE. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed obesity as an independent risk factor for VTE for both female and male patients. Conclusion. Obesity is an independent and moderate risk factor for VTE. The risk increases with body mass index, age and the presence of other acquired risk factors.

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Body Mass Index is a Risk Factor of Pancreatic Fistula after Pancreaticoduodenectomy

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481207800237 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 190-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mitsugi Shimoda ◽

Masato Katoh ◽

Iso Yukihiro ◽

Junji Kita ◽

Tokihiko Sawada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Pancreatic Fistula ◽

Body Mass ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Remnant Pancreas ◽

Soft Pancreas

Pancreatic fistula (PF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is still a severe complication and a challenging problem. The common risk factors are the soft pancreas and small pancreatic duct of the remnant pancreas. Those two risk factors were recognized during surgery. On the other hand, a preoperatively determined risk factor of PF is unclarified. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 203 patients consecutively treated by PD from April 2000 to October 2010. PF was defined according to the criteria of the International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula. Clinical and pre-and intraoperative data were compared between PF and non-PF patients. The recommended cutoff value of body mass index (BMI) as 20 kg/m2 was defined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. PF occurred in 53 (26.1%) of 203 patients. In univariate analysis, BMI and soft remnant pancreas were found to be risk factors of PF ( P = 0.027, P = 0.005). In multivariate analysis, BMI and soft pancreas were also risk factors of PF ( P = 0.040, P = 0.005). Patients with PF had a significantly longer hospital stay than non-PF patients ( P = 0.005). High BMI and soft pancreas were significant risk factors for PF.

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Proteinuria and decreased body mass index as a significant risk factor in developing end-stage renal disease

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s10157-008-0061-6 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 363-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kunitoshi Iseki ◽

Kaori Tokashiki ◽

Chiho Iseki ◽

Kentaro Kohagura ◽

Kozen Kinjo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Renal Disease ◽

Body Mass ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

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Body mass index trajectories and the risk for Alzheimer’s disease among older adults

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82593-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seo Young Kang ◽

Ye-Jee Kim ◽

Wooyoung Jang ◽

Ki Young Son ◽

Hye Soon Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Korean National Health Insurance ◽

Body Mass Index Trajectories

AbstractThe effect of body mass index (BMI) changes and variability on the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unclear. We analyzed 45,076 participants, whose BMI were measured on phase 1 (2002–2003), phase 2 (2004–2005), and phase 3 (2006–2007), of the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. We evaluated the effect of 2- and 4-year BMI changes and BMI variability on the risk of AD using Cox regression models. In men, association between 2-year BMI changes, BMI variability, and the risk of AD was not significant. Risk of AD was higher in men whose BMI had decreased 10.1–15.0% over 4 years. In women, aHRs and 95% CIs for AD were 1.14 (1.02–1.29), 1.44 (1.17–1.79), and 1.51 (1.09–2.09) when 2-year BMI loss was 5.1–10.0%, 10.1–15.0%, and > 15.0%. The HRs for AD in women significantly increased when 4-year BMI loss was > 5.0%. The aHR and 95% CI for AD was 1.31 (1.17–1.46) in the 4th quartile of average successive variability (ASV) compared with the 1st quartile of ASV in women. BMI loss over 2- and 4-year period was associated with increased risk for AD, and risk increased in women with higher BMI variability. Appropriate body weight management is recommended to prevent AD.

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