scholarly journals Underweight increases the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in adult

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Galuh Chandra Irawan ◽  
Ani Margawati ◽  
Ali Rosidi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Low Body Mass Index

<p>Background<br />Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in middle- and low-income countries. The risk of developing TB may be related to nutritional status. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors are also shown to increase the susceptibility to TB infection. The objective of this study was to determine nutritional factors as risk factors of pulmonary TB in adult.</p><p>Methods<br />This was an observational study of case control design. The study subjects were community members consisting of 19 adult cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 38 controls. Data on nutritional intakes were obtained by semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), while smoking behavior, history of DM, body mass index, education, and income were obtained by structured interviews. The data were analyzed by independent t-test and logistic regression for calculation of the odds ratio (OR).</p><p>Results<br />The bivariate test showed that the adequacy levels for energy (OR=6.8; 95% CI: 1.51-30.54), protein (OR=5.1; 95% CI: 1.52-17.14), vitamin A (OR=4.2; 5% CI: 1.31-13.54), vitamin C (OR=3.8;95% CI: 1.21-12.36), selenium (OR=4.2; 95% CI: 1.34-13.58), body mass index (OR=4.4; 95% CI: 1.32-14.35) and smoking behavior (OR=3.7; 95% CI: 1.15-11.9), were significant risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis. Multiple logistic regression test showed that low body mass index (&lt;18.5 kg/m2) (OR=6.0; 95% CI: 1.32-27.18) was a the most influential risk factor of pulmonary tuberculosis.</p><p>Conclusion<br />Low body mass index is the most influential risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in adult. Nutrition profile in adult is an important determinant of TB incidence.</p>

scholarly journals Low body mass index increases risk of anemia in patients with HIV-AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Mirna Widiyanti ◽  
Reynold Ubra ◽  
Eva Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Low Body Mass Index ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background<br />In acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases, cytopenias of all major blood cell lines were increasingly recognized in patients with HIV infection. Anemia commonly occurs during HIV infection and has been associated with increased progression to AIDS and decreased survival. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors in adults with HIV-AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). <br /><br />Methods<br />A cross sectional study was conducted involving 90 adults with HIV-AIDS. Sociodemographic data were collected using a questionnaire. In all patients, CD4+ lymphocyte counts were performed by means of a PIMA analyzer, while hemoglobin was determined using a Sysmex hematology analyzer. The WHO cutoff value of hemoglobin was adjusted to altitude to define anemia. Mild to moderate anemia was defined as hemoglobin 8-13 g/dL for men and 8-12 g/dL for women. Severe anemia was defined as hemoglobin 8 g/dL. Data was analyzed by using logistic regression test.<br /><br />Results<br />There were 90 subjects with HIV-AIDS in this study. Anemia was found in 50 subjects (55.6%), consisting of 12.2% with mild anemia and 43.4% with moderate to severe anemia. Multiple logistic regression showed that an important risk factor for anemia was low body mass index (BMI) between &lt;17-18.5 (OR=4.20; 95% CI=1.23-14.36). However, the CD4 &lt;350 cells/mm3 was not a significant risk factor for anemia (OR=1.03; 95% CI=0.21-5.04).<br /><br />Conclusions<br />Low BMI increases the risk of anemia in subjects with HIV receiving ART. Better screening for anemia and infectious diseases, and modified harm reduction strategy for injection drug users are primary needs in HIV patients.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis relapses in Cali, Colombia

Biomédica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supl. 1) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Cindy Córdoba ◽  
Paola A. Buriticá ◽  
Robinson Pacheco ◽  
Anyela Mancilla ◽  
Augusto Valderrama-Aguirre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Factors Associated

Introduction: Relapses in tuberculosis occur due to endogenous reactivations or exogenous reinfections and represent up to 27% of tuberculosis cases. Its importance lies in the risk of the appearance of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.According to the reports published in 2011 by the Colombian Instituto Nacional de Salud, there were 572 relapse cases reported in the country, i.e., a rate of 4.9%. Data of the tuberculosis control program from the Secretaría de Salud Municipal in Cali reported a relapse rate of 6%, higher than the national one, during 2013 and 2014.Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with relapse in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Cali.Materials and methods: We conducted an observational, analytical, and case-control study (1:1), which comprised 81 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis relapses detected in 2013 and 2014. Additionally, we collected data on socio-demographic and clinical variables, as well as lifestyle and health services, to identify the potential risk factors associated with tuberculosis relapses. We used logistic regression to identify the risk factors.Results: After adjustments for some variables, our multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.81–0.99) and population density (OR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.98–1.00) were inversely associated with tuberculosis relapses. Alcohol consumption increased the likelihood of tuberculosis relapse (OR=5.56, 95%CI: 1.18–26.26).Conclusions: Body mass index and population density were inversely associated with pulmonary tuberculosis relapses in Cali. On the contrary, alcohol consumption increased the likelihood of tuberculosis relapses.

scholarly journals Association between obesity and venous thromboembolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Hotoleanu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and aims. Obesity is associated with numerous pathological conditions, including venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE is a multifactorial disease; more than half of the hospitalized patients are at risk for VTE. We aimed to assess the risk of VTE associated with obesity, taking into account the class of obesity (according to the body mass index), gender, age and the intervention of other acquired risk factors. Method. A case-control study including 732 patients was designed. Collected data included: age, gender, body mass index, pregnancy/ postpartum state, use of hormonal therapy, personal and family history of VTE, smoking, prolonged immobilization and the presence of comorbidities- acquired risk factors for VTE. The risk of VTE was expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to detect the independent risk factors. P value < 0.05 was considered significant statistic. Results. Obesity was associated with a 6.2- fold increased risk for VTE. The risk of VTE associated with obesity was highest in patients aged >50 years and in cases included in classes II and III of obesity. The interaction between obesity and another acquired risk factor has almost doubled the risk of VTE. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed obesity as an independent risk factor for VTE for both female and male patients. Conclusion. Obesity is an independent and moderate risk factor for VTE. The risk increases with body mass index, age and the presence of other acquired risk factors.

Body Mass Index is a Risk Factor of Pancreatic Fistula after Pancreaticoduodenectomy

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsugi Shimoda ◽  
Masato Katoh ◽  
Iso Yukihiro ◽  
Junji Kita ◽  
Tokihiko Sawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pancreatic Fistula ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Remnant Pancreas ◽  
Soft Pancreas

Pancreatic fistula (PF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is still a severe complication and a challenging problem. The common risk factors are the soft pancreas and small pancreatic duct of the remnant pancreas. Those two risk factors were recognized during surgery. On the other hand, a preoperatively determined risk factor of PF is unclarified. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 203 patients consecutively treated by PD from April 2000 to October 2010. PF was defined according to the criteria of the International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula. Clinical and pre-and intraoperative data were compared between PF and non-PF patients. The recommended cutoff value of body mass index (BMI) as 20 kg/m2 was defined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. PF occurred in 53 (26.1%) of 203 patients. In univariate analysis, BMI and soft remnant pancreas were found to be risk factors of PF ( P = 0.027, P = 0.005). In multivariate analysis, BMI and soft pancreas were also risk factors of PF ( P = 0.040, P = 0.005). Patients with PF had a significantly longer hospital stay than non-PF patients ( P = 0.005). High BMI and soft pancreas were significant risk factors for PF.

Short-Term Outcomes Following Removal of Infected Hernia Mesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110241
Author(s):  
Christine Tung ◽  
Junko Ozao-Choy ◽  
Dennis Y. Kim ◽  
Christian de Virgilio ◽  
Ashkan Moazzez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mesh Removal ◽  
Mesh Placement ◽  
Infected Mesh

There are limited studies regarding outcomes of replacing an infected mesh with another mesh. We reviewed short-term outcomes following infected mesh removal and whether placement of new mesh is associated with worse outcomes. Patients who underwent hernia repair with infected mesh removal were identified from 2005 to 2018 American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. They were divided into new mesh (Mesh+) or no mesh (Mesh-) groups. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to compare morbidity between the two groups and to identify associated risk factors. Of 1660 patients, 49.3% received new mesh, with higher morbidity in the Mesh+ (35.9% vs. 30.3%; P = .016), but without higher rates of surgical site infection (SSI) (21.3% vs. 19.7%; P = .465). Mesh+ had higher rates of acute kidney injury (1.3% vs. .4%; P = .028), UTI (3.1% vs. 1.3%, P = .014), ventilator dependence (4.9% vs. 2.4%; P = .006), and longer LOS (8.6 vs. 7 days, P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression showed new mesh placement (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.07-1.85; P = .014), body mass index (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03; P = .022), and smoking (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.05-1.95; P = .025) as risk factors independently associated with increased morbidity. New mesh placement at time of infected mesh removal is associated with increased morbidity but not with SSI. Body mass index and smoking history continue to contribute to postoperative morbidity during subsequent operations for complications.

scholarly journals Identification of Endothelial Proteins in Plasma Associated With Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Iglesias ◽  
Larissa D. Kruse ◽  
Laura Sanchez-Rivera ◽  
Linnea Enge ◽  
Philip Dusart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor ◽  
Venous Disease

Objective: Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a well-established response to cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as smoking and obesity. Risk factor exposure can modify EC signaling and behavior, leading to arterial and venous disease development. Here, we aimed to identify biomarker panels for the assessment of EC dysfunction, which could be useful for risk stratification or to monitor treatment response. Approach and Results: We used affinity proteomics to identify EC proteins circulating in plasma that were associated with cardiovascular disease risk factor exposure. Two hundred sixteen proteins, which we previously predicted to be EC-enriched across vascular beds, were measured in plasma samples (n=1005) from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study) pilot. Thirty-eight of these proteins were associated with body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, smoking, hypertension, or diabetes. Sex-specific analysis revealed that associations predominantly observed in female- or male-only samples were most frequently with the risk factors body mass index, or total cholesterol and smoking, respectively. We show a relationship between individual cardiovascular disease risk, calculated with the Framingham risk score, and the corresponding biomarker profiles. Conclusions: EC proteins in plasma could reflect vascular health status.

Concentrations of sex-hormone binding globulin and corticosteroid binding globulin in serum in relation to cardiovascular risk factors and to 12-year incidence of cardiovascular disease and overall mortality in postmenopausal women.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Lapidus ◽  
G Lindstedt ◽  
P A Lundberg ◽  
C Bengtsson ◽  
T Gredmark
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Corticosteroid Binding Globulin ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract We determined sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) by radioimmunoassay of serum samples from a group of 253 women, who were 54 or 60 years old when first studied in 1968-69. The SHBG concentration was highly significantly and inversely related to body mass, body mass index, waist-to-hip circumference ratio, and serum triglyceride concentration; CBG concentration was inversely related to body mass and body mass index. The concentration of neither protein was related to whether or not the subject smoked. Decrease in the concentration of SHBG, but not of CBG, was a significant risk factor for 12-year overall mortality. The plot of the 12-year incidence of myocardial infarction vs SHBG concentration was U-shaped. We recommend that SHBG be included when serum androgens or estrogens are being evaluated as risk factors for cardiovascular disease and death.

scholarly journals Risk factors for hypertensive crisis in children with acute glomerulonephritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Sherly Yuniarchan ◽  
Risky Vitria Prasetyo ◽  
Ninik Asmaningsih Soemyarso ◽  
Mohammad Sjaifullah Noer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Hypertensive Crisis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Acute Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Female Ratio

Background Hypertensive crisis occurs in 1-4% of the hypertensive pediatric population, mostly due to acute glomerulonephritis (AGN). Some factors have been suggested to affect blood pressure (BP) in children, such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, obesity, and socioeconomic status, but little is known for risk factors for hypertensive crisis in AGN.Objective To analyze the risk factors for hypertensive crisis in children with AGN.Methods Retrospectively, we studied possible risk factors for hypertensive crisis in children with AGN at Dr. Soetomo Hospital from 2007 to 2011. Hypertensive crisis was defined as systolic BP ≥180 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥120 mmHg (for children ≥ 6 years of age); and systolic and/or diastolic BP >50% above the 95th percentile (for children aged <6 years). We evaluated the demographic and clinical characteristics as potential risk factors. Statistical analysis was done with Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and logistic regression tests. Variables with P <0.25 in the univariable analysis were further analyzed by the multivariable logistic regression model. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results There were 101 children included (mean age 9.7 (SD 2.17) years), with a male-to-female ratio of 2.7:1. Hypertensive crisis occurred in 42 (41.6%) children, of whom 8 had hypertensive urgency and 34 had hypertensive emergency. Proteinuria was seen in 53 children with AGN (52.5%) and was the significant risk factor for hypertensive crisis in our subjects (OR=2.75; 95%CI 1.16 to 6.52; P=0.021). Gender, clinical profiles, ethnicity, nutritional status, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were not significant risk factors for hypertensive crisis.Conclusion Proteinuria is the significant risk factor for hypertensive crisis in children with AGN.

scholarly journals Clinical and histopathological characteristics in patients with postmenopausal bleeding

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljosa Mandic ◽  
Bojana Gutic ◽  
Tatjana Kapicl-Ivkovic ◽  
Ljiljana Segedi-Mladenovic ◽  
Mihaela Mocko-Kacanski
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Postmenopausal Bleeding ◽  
Postmenopausal Period ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Incidence of endometrial carcinoma in Vojvodina is 15-20/100 000. In 75% cases, endometrial carcinoma is diagnosed in postmenopausal period. In 90 % of patients, the first clinical sign is postmenopausal bleeding. The aim of the study was to investigate clinical and histopathological characteristics in patients with postmenopausal bleeding. Methods: The study included 122 patients with postmenopausal bleeding. All of these patients underwent gynecological examination and vaginal ultrasound. We obtained materials for histopathological analysis by fractionate explorative curettage. Once we had definitive histopathological findings, we divided patients in two groups A (endometrial carcinoma) and B (benign changes). Results: We confirmed significant statistical differences between examined group A and B, including age (64.49 compared with 58.81 years), postmenopausal period (13.67 instead 9.11 years), and length of uterine corpus (6.41 instead 5.25 cm). Conclusion: Elderly women with longer postmenopausal interval and postmenopausal bleeding had increased risk for endometrial carcinoma. Measurement of endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasound appeared to be insufficient parameter for differentiating the benign from the malignant changes of endometrium. Patients with endometrial carcinoma had significantly longer corpus of uterus comparing to patients with benign changes. Body mass index was not found to be significant risk factor in development of endometrial carcinoma in the examined groups. Obesity was diagnosed in both groups, suggesting that increased body mass index is a risk factor for development of pathological changes in endometrium, which could lead to postmenopausal bleeding.

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