scholarly journals Roof Runoff Water as Source of Pollution: A Case Study of Some Selected Roofs in Orlu Metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Chizoruo Ibe ◽  
Bridget Onyekachi Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Roof Runoff ◽  
Thatch Roof ◽  
Roofing Material ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Source Of Pollution

Samples collected from different runoffs; AR, GMR, TR, ASR, and DR for aluminum roof, galvanized metal roof, thatch roof, asbestos roof and ambient rainfall respectively were analyzed for pH, conductivity, turbidity, TDS, TSS, NO3-, PO43-, Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn and Pb. The result indicates that the mean concentration of the parameters analyzed ranged from 5.8± 0.39 –7.10±0.70, 22.25±11.70-79.99± 3.40μScm-1, 1.47±0.43 - 46.53±1.60mg/l, 11.90±0.93 - 59.83±1.62NTU,15.53±0.70 - 204.53±5.08mg/l, 0.93±0.06 - 2.55±0.13 mg/l, 1.33±0.22 - 7.30±0.57mg/l respectively for pH, conductivity, TDS, turbidity, TSS, PO43-and NO3-, and the levels of the heavy metals (in mg/l); Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn and Pb ranged from 0.0023±0.001– 0.0521±0.004, 0.052±0.01–0.2483±0.02, 0.0348±0.01–1.1120±0.07, 0.0161±0.01-0.8093±0.02 and 0.0106±0.01-0.0499±0.002 respectively. Ranking of the heavy metal in roof runoff is in the order; Fe>Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb. The result compared with WHO standard showed elevated level of the parameters analyzed with Cd and Pb exceeding the limit. Though the result of this study showed some variability which is an indication of the type of roofing material; air quality of the environment and industrial activity going on in the area. It could be deduced from the result that roof runoff may be a non point source of environmental pollution owning to the release of heavy metals and other pollutants into the environment, and increased concentration of some of the pollutants as reported by this study suggests that roof runoff water could impact negatively to the environment and if consumed without being treated may be injurious to human health.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Water and Sediment: A Case Study of Tembi River

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shanbehzadeh ◽  
Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi ◽  
Akbar Hassanzadeh ◽  
Toba Kiyanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Standard Range

This study was carried out to examine heavy metals concentration in water and sediment of upstream and downstream of the entry of the sewage to the Tembi River, Iran. Samples were collected from upstream and downstream and were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the average concentration of the metals in water and sediment on downstream was more than that of upstream. The comparison of the mean concentrations of heavy metals in water of the Tembi River with drinking water standards and those in the water used for agriculture suggests that the mean concentration of Cu and Zn lies within the standard range for drinking water and the mean concentration of Mn, Zn, and Pb lies within the standard range of agricultural water. The highest average concentration on downstream for Pb in water and for Mn in sediment was 1.95 and 820.5 ppm, respectively. Also, the lowest average concentration on upstream was identified for Cd in water and sediment 0.07 and 10 ppm, respectively. With regard to the results, it gets clear that using the water for recreational purposes, washing, and fishing is detrimental to human health and the environment.

scholarly journals Factor Analysis Techniques for the Assessment of Water Quality: A Case Study of Okun River, Ilorin, Kwara State

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Okoro ◽  
G. B. Adebayo ◽  
O.D Saliu ◽  
A. O. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rapid Industrialization

Okun River caters for diverse needs. Resulting from rapid industrialization and urbanization, the quality of the river is significantly affected. The study of impact of discharged industrial wastewaters into Okun River was carried out. Physicochemical properties such as temperature, turbidity, conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, colour, odour, pH, total hardness, chloride, and concentrations of heavy metals (chromium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc and cadmium) were assessed. The mean concentrations of heavy metals and the physicochemical parameters determined were compared with standards and tolerance limit. Cr was not detected in all the samples while Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations varied from 0.10-3.47 mg/L, 2.64-9.65 mg/L,0.37-3.79 mg/L, 0.22-1.53 mg/L and 0.00-0.03 mg/L respectively. The mean values of pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, TSS, TDS, total hardness and chloride ranged between 6.33-7.77, 25.0-29.0 oC, 325-815 mS/cm, 14.80-209.33 NTU, 733.33-1033.33 mg/L, 133-395.67 mg/L, 137.50-962.50 mg/L and 11.52- 49.04 mg/L respectively. The principal component analysis confirmed the heavy metals to be from anthropogenic and industrial origin.

Assessment of Heavy Metals Associated with Bottom Sediment of Asejire Reservoir, Southwest Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asibor Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Concentration Levels

A study on the characteristic of sediment quality of Asejire Reservoir was conducted to evaluate the heavy metal content of the reservoir. Twenty stations were selected, samples and analyzed using standard methods. The result showed that the sediment was slightly acidic across the study stations, with low conductivity and organic matter content. The heavy metals order of dominance was: Fe>Pb>Cu>Zn>Mn>Al>Ba>Ni>Cr. The mean concentration levels of all the heavy metals were lower than mean background value except Fe, Cu and Pb. However, calculated Enrichment Factor (EF) values for all the heavy metals investigated showed that they were less than 1.5 (<1.5), suggesting that the heavy metals were all derived mainly from natural sources such as bedrock materials and weathering processes.

Evaluation of heavy metals content in the canned/packed fruit juices from local and imported origin in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeefa Fatima ◽  
Munazza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shuaib Kabeer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to determine the mean concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in canned/packed fruits juices, collected from various stores in Lahore in a period of three months. These juices were categorized into four groups; local packed and canned and also imported packed and canned products. Every group consisted of ten samples. By using the di-acid digestion method, the collected samples were digested and analyzed under Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated that the mean values of 7 out of 9 tested heavy metals including Pb, Mg, Ni, Fe, Cr, Se and Mn were above permissible limits (set by WHO) in all four understudy groups. Therefore, it was concluded that commercially available fruit juices are not all safe according to their heavy metals content for the human consumption despite their nutritive values.

Patterns of roof runoff contamination and their potential implications on practice and regulation of treatment and local infiltration

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Förster
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Roof Runoff ◽  
Negative Exponential Function ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
First Flush Effect ◽  
Negative Exponential

Roof runoff water was sampled from an experimental roof system and from house roofs in the city of Bayreuth, Germany. Samples were analysed for organic micropollutants, heavy metals and sum parameters. The pollution level and the shape of the runoff profiles are dependent on the individual properties of the precipitation event and the roof, but patterns with high concentrations at the beginning of the event and a subsequent decrease (first flush effect) are very typical. For dissolved substances, the profile can often be well described by a negative exponential function. Metal surfaces on the roofs cause extreme runoff pollution with heavy metals (Cu, Zn) that constitutes an environmental hazard. It is concluded that there is a need for the development of flexible drainage strategies for surface runoff and that metal surfaces should be avoided on roofs.

scholarly journals Use of Two Aquatic Snail Species as Bioindicators of Heavy Metals in Tigris River-Baghdad

2020 ◽  
pp. 1589-1592
Author(s):  
Harith Saeed Al-Warid ◽  
Hayder Z Ali ◽  
Ghassan Nissan ◽  
Abbas Haider ◽  
Ahmed Yosef
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Bellamya Bengalensis

     Thirty individuals of Bellamya bengalensis and Physella acuta were collected and identified from the Tigris River in Baghdad during the period between October to November 2017. The efficiency of bioaccumulation of the two species as bioindicators for aquatic heavy metal pollution with Cd, Ni, Pb and Cu was investigated. Both snail species had the ability to accumulate heavy metals. The mean of Ni concentration in soft tissues of both snails was 1.53 ppm while the mean concentration of other heavy metals was significantly lower; they reached 0.51 ppm, 0.36 ppm and 0.29 ppm, respectively. While no significant differences between B. bengalensis and  P.acuta were noticed in the ability to accumulate the heavy metals. It is concluded that both snails shared the features of good bioindicators due to their sensitivity to pollution.:

scholarly journals Histological Structure of Reproductive Organ of Freshwater Female Crab, Barytelphusa Cunicularis (West-Wood)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul R. Chourpagar ◽  
Rumana Shaikh ◽  
G. K. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Female Crab ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Yolk Granules ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

<em>Mercury concentrations were recorded in water and tissue of Barytelphusa cunicularis from Pimpalwadi site (Jaikwadi Dam) near Aurangabad. The level of heavy metals in the ovary and spermatheca of crabs was investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentration of mercury in the crab was 0.9 ±0.001 µg/g. A histopathological alteration in ovary and spermatheca was also studied. Several histological changes were noted in the ovary tissue i. e. Distortion of yolk granules, vacuolization, slight necrosis in the oocytes in the ovary and vacuolization observe in lumen, granular substances, sperm mass and spermathecal fluid was evenly distributed in the crab was observed after exposed to sublethal concentration (24<sup>th</sup> of LC<sub>50</sub>:1/5<sup>th</sup> 0.208 ppm) of mercuric chloride.</em>

scholarly journals Investigation of Heavy Metals Level in selected Boreholes around the Vicinity of some Cemeteries in Benin City, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-845
Author(s):  
C.A.E. Ibhadode ◽  
I.R. Ilaboya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Groundwater pollution by heavy metals such as lead, copper, nickel and iron is one of the major environmental issues of concern which has developed into a widely studied area. In this study, attempt was made to investigate the level of heavy metals in selected boreholes around the vicinity of cemeteries in Benin City. Seventy-two (72) samples of groundwater were taken from boreholes in 9 stations around the three cemeteries in Benin City on monthly basis. The samples were analysed for 7 heavy metals, in accordance with standard procedures. The heavy metals include; Zinc, Lead Iron, Copper, Cadmium, Nickel and Mercury. From the results of the study, a variation in the mean concentration of zinc was observed. The mean concentration of zinc in site 1 was 0.450mg/l, for site 2, it was 0.140mg/l and for site 3, it was 1.0533mg/l. For iron, mean concentration was 0.072mg/l in site 1. For site 2, mean concentration of iron was 2.140mg/l and for site 3, mean concentration of iron was 0.560mg/l. It was further revealed based on the results that mean value of heavy metals in groundwater around cemeteries in Benin City were generally lower during dry season compared to wet season. In addition, result of computed pollution index (Pi) revealed that the heavy metal with the highest potential to pollute groundwater is Cadmium, with Pi of 0.5333 and 0.400 representing dry season and wet season respectively.

A Simulation and Monitoring Based Case Study Regarding the Dynamic Thermal Conditions in Non-Used Attic Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 467-474
Author(s):  
Radoslav Ponechal ◽  
Renáta Korenková ◽  
Daniela Štaffenová
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Adjustment Factor ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Roofing Material ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

This study solves a problem of the dynamic thermal performance of the residential attic space in moderate climatic zone. Heat loss into the attic space is difficult to be accurately determined by the quasi-stationary method. It depends on the thermal resistance of the ceiling, thermal resistance of the roof, ventilation characteristics and other details, such as the solar absorption of the roofing material or roof orientation. The paper presents results of some parametric simulative calculations, which were calibrated with measurements of air temperature in the attic space during the summer, winter and transitional season. It compares the mean air temperature in the ventilated and non-ventilated attics. The difference between the use of bright and dark color of the roof cover is also compared. An alternative with half thickness of thermal insulation was also simulated. Based on measurements and then the simulation the adjustment factor adjustment factor for heat transfer coefficient was quantified..

scholarly journals Geochemical assessment of heavy metal pollution of river basin in Nigeria using stream sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Oluwafunso Oladipo Awosusi ◽  
Adeshina Luqman Adisa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Stream Sediment ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Heavy metal pollution has been a source of health problems in humans. These metals are persistent, toxic, non-degradable and often take a long time to be eliminated from the body. This study is, therefore, designed to assess heavy metal pollution of River Basin in Nigeria. Seventy stream sediment samples were systematically collected from an area, approximately 400km2, latitude 7O 00’ and 7O 15’N and longitude 5O 11’ and 5O 19’E. The pollution status of the sediments by heavy metals were assessed by Enrichment Factor (EF), Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo). The concentrations of the heavy metals were also compared with United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Sediment quality guidelines (SQG). The samples were dried in the laboratory, disaggregated, sieved to minus 80 (<177 microns) mesh size using nylon sieve. The sieved samples were, then, digested and the concentrations of As, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn were determined by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (WD-XRFS). Results revealed that the mean concentrations of the heavy metals are in the order V>Zn>Pb>As>Ni>Co>Fe>Mn. Furthermore, the mean concentration of lead exceeded both the average world shale and the USEPA SQG values. However, the mean concentration of cobalt, nickel, manganese and zinc were lower than the average world shale values for these elements. The Enrichment Factor (EF) revealed that cobalt was moderately enriched while arsenic and lead were significantly enriched in the sediments. On the basis of the geoaccumulation index, the stream sediments were largely uncontaminated except at some sites that were moderately to strongly contaminated by As and Pb.  

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