Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency of Gamma Rays and HZ with Phenotyping of Induced Mutations in Lentil Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafiul Amin Laskar ◽  
Samiullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Growth Habits

In mutation breeding, mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency are the base parameters to predict the mutagenic potency of any mutagen. Studies on mutagenic effectiveness and mutagenic efficiency of physical mutagen (gamma rays) and chemical mutagen (hydrazine hydrates; HZ) on two cultivars of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), viz. DPL 62 (macrosperma) and Pant L 406 (microsperma) have been reported. Dry and healthy seeds were treated with four doses of each gamma rays (100-400 Gy), HZ (0.1-0.4 %) and their combinations. Frequencies of the induced agro-morphological variations into different phenotypic categories were estimated in M2 population that resulted into identification and isolation of wide range of mutants with altered phenotypes. Data on effectiveness and efficiency of various mutagenic treatments calculated on the basis of the frequency of chlorophyll mutations, which showed effectiveness and efficiency were higher at the moderate doses of gamma rays and HZ, while in case of combination treatments; lower doses were most effective and efficient with few inter-varietal exceptions. Phenotyping of the mutants revealed that growth habits was the most sensitive category to which most of the mutant belongs, followed by leaf and flower/pod/seed in both the cultivars studied. Overall, the screened and isolated mutants with economically important agronomic traits can be further propagated in the subsequent generation for development of elite lentil mutant cultivars.

scholarly journals Effect of Gamma Rays onSophora davidiiand Detection of DNA Polymorphism through ISSR Marker

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puchang Wang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Lili Zhao ◽  
Bentian Mo ◽  
Tianqiong Luo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Issr Analysis ◽  
Number Of Branches

Sophora davidii(Franch.) Kom. ex Pavol is an important medicinal plant and a feeding scrub with ecological value. The effects of different gamma irradiation doses (20–140 Kr) on seed germination and seedling morphology were investigated inS. davidii, and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to identify the DNA polymorphism among mutants. Significant variations were observed for seed germination, stem diameter, and number of branches per plant. The improved agronomic traits, such as stem diameter and number of branches per plant, were recorded at 80 Kr dose and 20 Kr dose for seed germination. ISSR analysis generated in total 183 scorable fragments, of which 94 (51.37%) were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphism ranged from 14.29 to 93.33 with an average of 45.69%. Jaccard’s coefficients of dissimilarity varied from 0.6885 to 1.000, indicative of the level of genetic variation among the mutants. The constructed dendrogram grouped the entities into five clusters. Consequently, it was concluded that gamma rays irradiation of seeds generates a sufficient number of induced mutations and that ISSR analysis offered a useful molecular marker for the identification of mutants.

scholarly journals Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency in [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Variety Phule Phandari (PP) and VCM-8

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Savant
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutations ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The Individual

Background: Mutation breeding is one of the cheapest and surest method of plant breeding. In mutation breeding program effectiveness and efficiency of mutagens could be helpful to realize the spectrum of desirable mutations in the treated populations. The effectiveness and efficiency of two mutagens EMS and gamma rays were studied in two varieties of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.]. Methods: In the present investigation, the seeds of two varieties of cowpea, phulepandhari and VCM-8 were treated with gamma rays and EMS to obtain the spectrum and frequency of chlorophyll mutations in M2 generation. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were calculated using frequency of chlorophyll mutations.Result: The individual treatment of EMS was found to be more efficient than gamma rays to induce chlorophyll mutants. A progressive increase in mutation frequency of chlorophyll mutations was observed with increasing doses. Four different types of chlorophyll mutants, such as, chlorina albina, xantha and viridis were induced with effect of mutagens. The highest frequency of chlorophyll mutations was reported in the gamma rays. There was a dose dependent increase in the spectrum and frequency of chlorophyll mutations. The lower dosages of gamma rays and EMS were proved to be most effective and efficient. Among two mutagens used EMS was much more effective than gamma rays in both the varieties viz. variety phulepandhari and VCM-8. 

History of mutation breeding and molecular research using induced mutations in Japan.

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Deletion Size ◽  
Direct Use

Abstract Following the construction of the Gamma Field at the Institute of Radiation Breeding in 1960, mutation breeding was accelerated in Japan. The facility is used, with a radiation dose up to 2 Gy/day (ca. 300,000 times that of natural background), to induce mutations at a higher frequency than occurs in nature. There have been 318 direct- use mutant cultivars representing 79 species generated through irradiation of gamma-rays, X-rays, ion beams and chemicals and somaclonal variation. Approximately 79% of these direct-use cultivars were induced by radiation. There have been 375 indirect-use mutant cultivars, including 332 rice, of which 162 cultivars (48.8%) were derived from the semi-dwarf mutant cv. 'Reimei'. The economic impact of these mutant cultivars, primarily of rice and soybean, is very large. Some useful mutations are discussed for rice, such as low digestible protein content, low amylose content, giant embryo and non-shattering. Useful mutations in soybean such as radiosensitivity, fatty acid composition and super-nodulation have been identified. Japanese pear and apple resistant to Alternaria disease have also been identified. The achievements of biological research such as characterization and determination of deletion size generated by gamma-rays, the effect of deletion size and the location, and a mechanism of dominant mutation induction are identified. Similarly, genetic studies on mutations generated through the use of gamma-ray induced mutations, such as phytochrome response, aluminium tolerance, stay-green (Mendel's gene) and epicuticular wax have also been conducted. Mutation breeding is a very useful technology for isolating genes and for elucidating gene functions and metabolic pathways in various crops.

scholarly journals Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays in snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina l.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-651
Author(s):  
P. Sidhya ◽  
M.K. Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Almost All

The present experiment was undertaken to determine the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays on different biological parameters in snake gourd. The research was conducted in two generations namely M1 and M2 during spring-summer season (mid- February) of 2012 and 2013 at the Horticulture research station, Mondoury, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya. The parent material, selfed seeds of BCSG-28 variety were irradiated with 100 Gy, 150 Gy, 200 Gy, 250 Gy and 300 Gy doses of gamma rays. The seeds along with control were space planted for raising M1 generation. Each M1 plant was harvested separately and desirable M1 individual plant progeny rows were laid in RBD for raising M2 generation. The effectiveness and efficiency of the mutagen used was assessed from the data on biological damage in M1 generation. In M1 generation, results showed a dose dependent retardation in biological parameters like seed germination, plant survival and 200 Gy was depicted as LD50 indicating less damaging effect at lower doses on genetic material. In M2 generation, Lower doses 100 Gy (28.80 effectiveness, 21.58 efficiency) and 150 Gy (18.33 effectiveness, 8.68 efficiency) treatments were found as effective and efficient and a wide range of induced variability was observed in almost all traits. The mutants with short fruit, higher fruit diameter and reduced vine length were isolated in M2 generation.

Comparative Studies on Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency in Horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam) Verdc.]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Priyanka ◽  
R. Sudhagar ◽  
C. Vanniarajan ◽  
K. Ganesamurthy ◽  
J. Souframanien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Fertility ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

Background: Two horsegram varieties viz., PAIYUR 2 and CRIDA1-18R were mutated with gamma rays (G), electron beam (EB), G+EB and G+EMS (ethyl methane sulphonate) to determine the mutagenic potency in breeding programme.Methods: Uniform seeds treated with different mutagenic doses were raised in randomized block design which constituted M1 generation. Each plant was harvested individually and forwarded to M2 generation following plant to progeny row method.Result: A dose dependant decline was observed for seed germination, plant survival, root length, shoot length, plant height, pollen fertility and seed fertility in M1 population. Wide spectrum of chlorophyll mutants was induced in M2 generation with maximum frequency at EB followed by combination treatments (G+EMS and G+EB) in both varieties. The mutagenic effectiveness ranged from 0.14 per cent to 1.45 per cent in PAIYUR 2 and 0.15 per cent to 1.71 per cent in CRIDA1-18R. The high mutation rate for effectiveness was exhibited by G and G+EB. With reference to sterility, EB was found to be efficient mutagen in both varieties whereas varied efficiency was noted for lethality (EB - PAIYUR 2; G+EMS - CRIDA1-18R) and injury (G - PAIYUR 2; G+EMS - CRIDA1-18R). 

scholarly journals ​Binasoybean-6: A High Yielding Mutant Soybean Variety Developed through Sustainable Mutation Breeding

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Malek ◽  
R.M. Emon ◽  
M.K. Khatun ◽  
M.S.H. Bhuiyan ◽  
Adedze Yawo Mawunyo Nevame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Mutant Lines

Background: Soybean is an important source of food, protein and oil and hence more research is essential to increase its yield under different agro-ecological conditions, including stress. In this regard, four popular soybean varieties viz. Shohag, BDS-4, BAU-S/64 and BARI Soybean-5 were irradiated using Co60 gamma rays to create genetic variation for earliness, higher seed yield and other desirable agronomic traits. Methods: The experiments were conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) Headquarters farm, Mymensingh during 2006-2009 and 28 elite mutant lines were selected for evaluation. The mutant line, SBM-22 derived from mother variety BARI Soybean-5 irradiated with 300Gy of gamma rays was found to be superior compared to other mutants. Considering the superior performance of mutant SBM-22 including 28 mutants and mother check variety BARI Soybean-5, were evaluated through different trials. The evaluation trials were conducted at different agro-ecological zones of the country during Rabi season (January to April) of 2010-2018. Result: Significant variations were observed both in individual location and over locations for all traits. Reactions to major diseases and insect-pests infestation were also studied. Due to better performance of the mutant SBM-22, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) applied to the National Seed Board (NSB) of Bangladesh for registration as an important soybean variety “Binasoybean-6”. Consequently, the NSB of Bangladesh registered SBM-22 as an improved soybean variety in 2019 as Binasoybean-6 for commercial cultivation.

scholarly journals Physio-biochemical Parameters of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) Induced by Gamma Rays and EMS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Malik ◽  
Roshan Jahan ◽  
Shazia Bi Ansari ◽  
Ruhul Amin ◽  
Samiullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Higher Doses

Background: Induced mutagenesis has proved as a crucial implement to create genetic variability for various essential traits. Trachyspermum ammi is one of the most important medicinal seed spices and its oil exhibits various pharmacological properties. Ajwain has been overlooked owing its narrow genetic base and little study has been performed to create genetic variations. Methods: Dry and healthy seeds of ajwain were treated with the different concentration of gamma rays (25,50,75 and 100Gy), EMS (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%EMS) and different doses of combination treatments (25+0.1%, 50+0.2%, 75+0.3% and 100Gy+0.4%EMS). Among both the mutagens, gamma rays were found to be more effectual mutagens as compared to EMS. Result: The aim of the present study was to find out the mutagenic consequences of gamma rays, EMS and combination treatments on growth and physio-biochemical parameters of ajwain. Studies show that higher doses of both the mutagens caused significantly negative effect on the growth parameters whereas lower doses have positively influenced the parameters. Result shows lower doses of mutagens (25, 50Gy, 0.1%, 0.2%EMS and 25+0.1%, 50Gy+0.2%EMS) proved to be more effective as it caused less biological damage and therefore would be suitable for inducing the desirable mutations and improving the agronomic traits in ajwain.

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