scholarly journals Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays in snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina l.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-651
Author(s):  
P. Sidhya ◽  
M.K. Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Almost All

The present experiment was undertaken to determine the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays on different biological parameters in snake gourd. The research was conducted in two generations namely M1 and M2 during spring-summer season (mid- February) of 2012 and 2013 at the Horticulture research station, Mondoury, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya. The parent material, selfed seeds of BCSG-28 variety were irradiated with 100 Gy, 150 Gy, 200 Gy, 250 Gy and 300 Gy doses of gamma rays. The seeds along with control were space planted for raising M1 generation. Each M1 plant was harvested separately and desirable M1 individual plant progeny rows were laid in RBD for raising M2 generation. The effectiveness and efficiency of the mutagen used was assessed from the data on biological damage in M1 generation. In M1 generation, results showed a dose dependent retardation in biological parameters like seed germination, plant survival and 200 Gy was depicted as LD50 indicating less damaging effect at lower doses on genetic material. In M2 generation, Lower doses 100 Gy (28.80 effectiveness, 21.58 efficiency) and 150 Gy (18.33 effectiveness, 8.68 efficiency) treatments were found as effective and efficient and a wide range of induced variability was observed in almost all traits. The mutants with short fruit, higher fruit diameter and reduced vine length were isolated in M2 generation.

Induced mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency studies on Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp).

Food Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ariraman ◽  
T. Bharathi ◽  
D. Dhanavel
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

<p>The present investigation was carried out to study mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and EMS treatments in Pigeon pea (Cajanus  cajan (L.) Millsp) Var CO-7. The relative effectiveness and efficiency of the both mutagen used was assessed from the data on biological damage in M1 generation and frequency of chlorophyll and viable mutants in M2 generation. The spectrum of chlorophyll mutants such as xantha, albino, chlorina and viridis, viable mutants like tall, dwarf, early flower, early maturity, late maturity, bushy, high yield and seed mutants were observed in both the mutagenic treatments.  Among the chlorophyll mutants xantha was found more in number. The mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were found to be higher at 20KR of gamma irradiation and 25mM of EMS. The mutation rate of gamma rays was higher in terms of effectiveness than that of EMS. More number of chlorophyll and viable mutants was induced in gamma rays treatment when compared EMS treatment.</p>

scholarly journals Induced Mutagenesis in Cicer arietinum

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mullainathan ◽  
S. Umavathi
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

The traditional varieties of chick pea have low potentiality and restricted variability with respect to economic characters. Broadening the genetic base for crop improvement can be quickly achieved through induced mutagenesis. The present study was undertaken in order to comparing the effectiveness and efficiency of mutagens on Cicer arietinum. In this regard, Co – 4 variety of chick pea was subjected to different dose/concentration of Gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kR) and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM) for inducing mutation. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency was calculated based on biological damage in M1 and chlorophyll mutations in M2. The results indicated that, mutagenic effectiveness increased with the increase in dose/concentration of mutagen. Intermediate treatments in general were found more efficient in causing less biological damage and inducing maximum amount of mutations. It shows that the chemical mutagens are more effective and efficient than physical mutagen for inducing mutation in Chick pea

Output Variation of Trigger Pump Sprayers used for Individual Plant Treatments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Stephen F Enloe ◽  
James K Leary ◽  
Kenzie Bell ◽  
Dwight K Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Invasive Plant Management ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cut Stump ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cut Surface ◽  
Plant Treatment

Individual plant treatment (IPT) techniques (e.g., basal bark, cut stump, hack and squirt) are used for woody invasive plant management and often rely on small trigger pump spray bottles as an economical and efficient way to deliver an herbicide to the target species. Worldwide, plastic suppliers produce many models and designs with a wide range of uses including pesticide application. However, spray bottle performance has rarely been examined in relation to IPT techniques for operational invasive plant management. We tested ten commonly available spray bottles for trigger output and variation over repeated strokes. We also examined sustained trigger sprayer performance over a six-week period for spray bottles containing water or basal oil carriers, blended with amine and ester formulations of triclopyr, respectively. In the first study, we found significant differences in spray output per stroke between almost every bottle tested. Almost all spray bottle brands yielded outputs greater than 1.0 ml per stroke which exceeds the maximum application amount specified for hack and squirt. Several bottles produced an output of greater than 2.5 ml per stroke. In the second study, the output per stroke was reduced for basal oil mixes, with significant reductions measured for two brands by 21 days and for all three brands tested by 42 days after mixing. These results indicate that consumer-grade trigger sprayers are likely to depreciate rapidly with routine operational use without proper hygiene maintenance. Even then it is likely that these application devices may need to be replaced several times annually. Trigger pump spray bottles are an economical and practical solution for remote field operation and volunteer weed control activities. These sprayers are most suitable for spray-to-wet techniques such as basal bark and cut surface treatments but may potentially be less suited for hack and squirt application which often requires sub-ml precision.

scholarly journals Studies on Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency of Gamma Rays and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate in Jasmine

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sanchita Ghosh ◽  
M. Ganga ◽  
K. Soorianathasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Flower Yield ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Morphological Mutation

Background/Aim: The present investigation was undertaken to study the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency in M1V1 generation and to study effect of gamma rays on spectrum of morphological mutation in Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. cv. White Pitchi. Methods: Terminal cuttings were treated with four doses of gamma rays viz., 10, 15, 20 and 25 Gy and four doses of EMS viz., 25, 30, 35 and 40 mM separately. Both mutagens created a high frequency as well as a wide spectrum of mutation. Results: Totally five types of chlorophyll mutants viz., xantha, viridis, yellow viridis, variegata and tigrina were observed. The mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were calculated based on biological damage as well as chlorophyll mutation frequency on M1 plants. The mutagenic treatments were effective in inducing various types of morphological macro mutants, with few of them showing significant changes in plant height, flowering parameters and flower yield. The lower mutagen doses were associated with higher mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency. Conclusion: The present study indicated that the physical mutagen gamma rays were more effective and efficient in causing mutations as compared to the chemical mutagen EMS.

Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency of Gamma Rays and HZ with Phenotyping of Induced Mutations in Lentil Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafiul Amin Laskar ◽  
Samiullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Growth Habits

In mutation breeding, mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency are the base parameters to predict the mutagenic potency of any mutagen. Studies on mutagenic effectiveness and mutagenic efficiency of physical mutagen (gamma rays) and chemical mutagen (hydrazine hydrates; HZ) on two cultivars of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), viz. DPL 62 (macrosperma) and Pant L 406 (microsperma) have been reported. Dry and healthy seeds were treated with four doses of each gamma rays (100-400 Gy), HZ (0.1-0.4 %) and their combinations. Frequencies of the induced agro-morphological variations into different phenotypic categories were estimated in M2 population that resulted into identification and isolation of wide range of mutants with altered phenotypes. Data on effectiveness and efficiency of various mutagenic treatments calculated on the basis of the frequency of chlorophyll mutations, which showed effectiveness and efficiency were higher at the moderate doses of gamma rays and HZ, while in case of combination treatments; lower doses were most effective and efficient with few inter-varietal exceptions. Phenotyping of the mutants revealed that growth habits was the most sensitive category to which most of the mutant belongs, followed by leaf and flower/pod/seed in both the cultivars studied. Overall, the screened and isolated mutants with economically important agronomic traits can be further propagated in the subsequent generation for development of elite lentil mutant cultivars.

scholarly journals Alien invertebrates transported accidentally to the Polish Antarctic Station in cargo and on fresh foods

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna J. Chwedorzewska ◽  
Małgorzata Korczak−Abshire ◽  
Maria Olech ◽  
Maria Lityńska−Zając ◽  
Anna Augustyniuk−Kram
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Fresh Foods ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractDuring three austral summer seasons cargo, expeditioner clothes and equipment of the Polish Antarctic Expedition were examined for the presence of alien propagules. De− tailed inspections were undertaken at the station buildings, searching for any invertebrates. During each austral summer fresh fruits and vegetables were also inspected. A total of 359 invertebrates and their remains were found in cargo transported to Arctowski Station, or caught in the station’s facilities. The majority of samples were classified as cultivation pests (26%), food pests (43%), wood−destroying pests (4%), domestic insects and arachnids (15%). Through supply of the research station a wide range of alien organisms can be acci− dentally transported and ultimately introduced to the Antarctic. This study has clearly dem− onstrated that almost all cargo items can be a potential vector for alien organisms. Species from a broad range of biological groups can be transported to the Antarctic and remain in a viable state.

scholarly journals Commission 44: Space & High Energy Astrophysics

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (T26A) ◽  
pp. 319-326
Author(s):  
Haruyuki Okuda ◽  
Gunther Hasinger ◽  
M. D. Arnaud ◽  
S. Bludman ◽  
J. Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Space Observations

Division XI was born by merging Commission 44 “Space and High Energy Astrophysics” and Commission 48 “High Energy Astrophysics” by the decision at the IAU General Assembly in The Hague (1994). As the naming of space astronomy is technique oriented, i.e. astronomy from space, it covers quite a wide range of astronomy, almost all branches of astronomy are included by the progress of space observations. Historically, it started from high energy astronomy, UV, X, and gamma rays astronomy, somewhat including cosmic ray physics. However, in these days, space observations have expanded to low energy astronomy, such as optical, infrared, submillimeter and even radio waves(Space VLBI).

First Detection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Tobacco Fields in Northern Lebanon

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Obeid ◽  
Elias Wehbe ◽  
Mohamad Rima ◽  
Mohammad Kabara ◽  
Romeo Al Bersaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Das Elisa

Background: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is the most known virus in the plant mosaic virus family and is able to infect a wide range of crops, in particularly tobacco, causing a production loss. Objectives: Herein, and for the first time in Lebanon, we investigated the presence of TMV infection in crops by analyzing 88 samples of tobacco, tomato, cucumber and pepper collected from different regions in North Lebanon. Methods: Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), revealed a potential TMV infection of four tobacco samples out of 88 crops samples collected. However, no tomato, cucumber and pepper samples were infected. The TMV+ tobacco samples were then extensively analyzed by RT-PCR to detect viral RNA using different primers covering all the viral genome. Results and Discussion: PCR results confirmed those of DAS-ELISA showing TMV infection of four tobacco samples collected from three crop fields of North Lebanon. In only one of four TMV+ samples, we were able to amplify almost all the regions of viral genome, suggesting possible mutations in the virus genome or an infection with a new, not yet identified, TMV strain. Conclusion: Our study is the first in Lebanon revealing TMV infection in crop fields, and highlighting the danger that may affect the future of agriculture.

INFLUENCE OF WEATHER ON TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT MIGRATION IN RURAL INDIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350007 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. KAVI KUMAR ◽  
BRINDA VISWANATHAN
Keyword(s):  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
Sample Survey Data ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Temporary Migrants

While a wide range of factors influence rural–rural and rural–urban migration in developing countries, there is significant interest in analyzing the role of agricultural distress and growing inter-regional differences in fueling such movement. This strand of research acquires importance in the context of climate change adaptation. In the Indian context, this analysis gets further complicated due to the significant presence of temporary migration. This paper analyzes how weather and its variability affects both temporary and permanent migration in India using National Sample Survey data for the year 2007–2008. The paper finds that almost all of the rural–urban migrants are permanent. Only temperature plays a role in permanent migration. In contrast, many temporary migrants are rural–rural and both temperature and rainfall explain temporary migration.

scholarly journals Low-Energy Electron Damage to Condensed-Phase DNA and Its Constituents

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7879
Author(s):  
Yingxia Gao ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Léon Sanche
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dna Lesions ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Wide Range

The complex physical and chemical reactions between the large number of low-energy (0–30 eV) electrons (LEEs) released by high energy radiation interacting with genetic material can lead to the formation of various DNA lesions such as crosslinks, single strand breaks, base modifications, and cleavage, as well as double strand breaks and other cluster damages. When crosslinks and cluster damages cannot be repaired by the cell, they can cause genetic loss of information, mutations, apoptosis, and promote genomic instability. Through the efforts of many research groups in the past two decades, the study of the interaction between LEEs and DNA under different experimental conditions has unveiled some of the main mechanisms responsible for these damages. In the present review, we focus on experimental investigations in the condensed phase that range from fundamental DNA constituents to oligonucleotides, synthetic duplex DNA, and bacterial (i.e., plasmid) DNA. These targets were irradiated either with LEEs from a monoenergetic-electron or photoelectron source, as sub-monolayer, monolayer, or multilayer films and within clusters or water solutions. Each type of experiment is briefly described, and the observed DNA damages are reported, along with the proposed mechanisms. Defining the role of LEEs within the sequence of events leading to radiobiological lesions contributes to our understanding of the action of radiation on living organisms, over a wide range of initial radiation energies. Applications of the interaction of LEEs with DNA to radiotherapy are briefly summarized.

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