scholarly journals Jean Gottmann‘s Atlantic "Transhumance" and the development of his spatial theory

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (65) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Muscarà
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Spatial Theory ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Two Sides

This paper analyses Gottemann's spatial model in relation to his complex biography which took place during some of the great historical changes of the 20th century. In particular, it relates the concept of Megalopolis to his theoretical wrigtings in political geography. The development of the latter ones could not be fully understood without referece to his "transhumance" between the two sides of the Atlantic from 1941 to 1961.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Buchler
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Model ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Spatial Theory ◽  
Roll Call ◽  
Policy Space ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Roll Call Voting ◽  
Legislative Session ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conventional Models

Spatial theory is divided between models of elections and models of roll call voting, neither of which alone can explain congressional polarization. This chapter discusses the history of spatial theory, why it is important to link the two strands of spatial models, and the value of reversing the order of conventional models. Conventional models place an election before policy decisions are made. This chapter proposes a unified spatial model of Congress in which the conventional order is reversed. First, there is a legislative session, then an election in which voters respond retrospectively, not to the locations candidates claim to hold, but to the bundles of roll call votes that incumbents cast to incrementally adopt their locations in the policy space. Such a model is best suited to explaining three puzzles: why do legislators adopt extreme positions, how do they win, and what role do parties play in the process?

scholarly journals Den barokke lov i Kafkas Processen

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (66) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen-Margrethe Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Absolute Distance ◽  
The Fantastic ◽  
Two Sides

Karen-Margrethe Simonsen: “The Baroque Law in Kafka’s The Trial. Power and Labyrinth”This article argues that a baroque perspective on Kafka’s works and especially The Trial can help elucidate the relation between the power of law and its labyrinthine character. Most modern and postmodern studies of the neobaroque in the 20th Century focus only on the labyrinthine playfulness of the baroque and disregard the baroque’s interest in absolutistic power. In the article, it is shown how Kafka unites the two sides of the baroque. The article argues that there is absolute distance, yet concrete simultaneity between the worldly and the transcendent aspects of law in Kafka, and elaborates this by drawing in some aspects of Gilles Deleuze’sand Jacques Derrida’s readings of Kafka regarding this relation. Finally it discusses the modernity of Kafka through a very short detour around Tzvetan Todorov’s study of the fantastic.

What You Seek Is Who You Are: An Applied Spatial Model of Newspapers’ Ideological Slant

2020 ◽  
pp. 194016122097317
Author(s):  
Luigi Curini
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
Spatial Theory ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Ideological Space

In recent years, the news media landscape has been characterized by two distinct patterns: a decline in newspaper circulation, and a persistent degree of ideological slant in newspapers’ position. We explore a possible nexus between these two phenomena by means of a model that extends some recent developments in the empirical spatial theory of voting to the reader’s choice with respect to newspapers. We assume that ideological proximity to a newspaper affects the choice made by a consumer to read it. Newspapers will then compete among themselves to maximize their respective readerships by finding an optimal placement in the ideological space. However, newspapers can also decide to target readers of a specific type. As we will show, this is a crucial step to take into consideration. We empirically apply our model to the Italian case. We show that Italian newspapers appear largely to behave as theoretically expected. However, the “ideological force” behind this conclusion must be sought in newspapers’ competition with respect to that subset of readers which can be identified as regular ones. This result highlights a possible mechanism driving a persistent newspaper ideological slant in time of lower newspaper circulation.

Remembering spherical trigonometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (547) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Conway ◽  
Alex Ryba
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Great Circle ◽  
Spherical Triangle ◽  
Spherical Trigonometry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Two Sides

Although high school textbooks from early in the 20th century show that spherical trigonometry was still widely taught then, today very few mathematicians have any familiarity with the subject. The first thing to understand is that all six parts of a spherical triangle are really angles — see Figure 1.This shows a spherical triangle ABC on a sphere centred at O. The typical side is a = BC is a great circle arc from to that lies in the plane OBC; its length is the angle subtended at O. Similarly, the typical angle between the two sides AB and AC is the angle between the planes OAB and OAC.

scholarly journals How to sit on Two Sides of the Table? Swedish and Norwegian Unions’ Approaches to Representative Worker Participation during the 20th Century

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Katharina Sass
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Free Riders ◽  
Worker Participation ◽  
Participation Rights ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Board Level ◽  
Two Sides

To this day, participation rights in Sweden have been reserved for union members both on the company level and on the board level, while all employees in companies, which are covered by respective agreements and laws, have voting rights in Norway. The aim of this article is twofold: First of all, it traces this difference back in time, using historical evidence from relevant periods of the 20th century to illuminate how approaches of Swedish and Norwegian unions to representative worker participation evolved. Through the method of comparison, not only similarities and differences between the two countries but also continuities within the two union movements become apparent. It becomes clear that unions of both countries were worried about “double loyalties”, but participation was more closely and deliberately linked with membership in Sweden. This in turn points to the second aim of the article, namely to identify possible reasons for this particular difference. Why were Swedish unions apparently more worried about “free riders”? While a final explanation will not be attempted here, one possible explaining factor is that private capital concentration was higher in Sweden and that Swedish employer organizations were more powerful. Swedish unions thus might have used membership requirements with regard to participation to avoid internal splits and to protect their comparatively high unity and density. This might have helped them to confront their, in comparison with Norway, better organized adversaries. The main aim of the article, however, is the first one, namely to give a synthetical, comparative account of Swedish and Norwegian unions’ approaches to representative worker participation during the 20th century, with a main focus on voting rights.

scholarly journals Sophisticated Voting on Competing Ballot Measures: Spatial Theory and Evidence

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hugh-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Model ◽  
Median Voter ◽  
Strategic Voting ◽  
Spatial Theory ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Ballot Measures ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
Rational Choice Theories ◽  
Spatial Model Of Voting

Are voters sophisticated? Rational choice theories of voting assume they are. Students of voting behaviour are more doubtful. This article examines voting in a particularly demanding setting: direct democratic elections in which two competing proposals are on the ballot. It develops a spatial model of voting and proposal qualification with competing proposals. If voters are naïve, then competing proposals can be used to block the direct democratic route to change, but, if voters vote strategically, competing proposals can bring outcomes closer to the median voter. Voting intention data from California polls provide evidence that some votes are cast strategically even in these demanding circumstances. However, the level of strategic voting appears to be affected by the nature of the election campaign.

“Western” Histories of World Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-551
Author(s):  
Matthias Buschmeier
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The West ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Western Historiography

Abstract This article reviews attempts to define histories of world literature during the late 19th and first half of the 20th century. It submits that “World Literature” and national philology are two sides of the same coin, in that they serve to produce specific national identities and legitimize colonial hegemonic practices. Astonishingly, some patterns of these early histories of world literature can still be observed in contemporary theoretical debates on the subject. Thus, it is argued that, rather than dismissing this heritage of Western historiography (with or without condemnation), we should strive seriously to come up with alternative histories, wherein “West” is no longer treated as synonymous with “world,” and vice versa. The West should be seen as just one form of society and culture among the many others, all of which are due consideration when invoking the term “world.”

scholarly journals National Indifference in Post-Ottoman Spaces: A Case from Northwest Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Marek Jakoubek
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
National Boundary ◽  
Strong Principle ◽  
The One ◽  
Ottoman Balkans ◽  
Two Sides

Abstract This study represents an application of the concept of national indifference in the Post-Ottoman Balkans. It addresses the question of why two minority communities in Northwest Bulgaria in the first half of 20th century – the Protestant Voyvodovo community and the Catholic community of Bărdarski Geran, both marked by a strong principle of religious endogamy, intermarried. The author maintains that the main reason why these two communities intermarried was – despite all the differences between them – their national indifference, a parameter that both communities shared. These marriages did not cross the ethno-national boundary (the communities were nationally indifferent and thus ethno-national borders did not divide them). Contrary to standard understandings of the concept of national indifference, the author emphasizes that national indifference can be said to have two sides. On the one hand, nationally indifferent groups represent those in which the “we-they” opposition does not follow national lines, while on the other hand these groups identify and organize themselves on the basis of principles other than national ones. In the example of the inhabitants of Voyvodovo and Bărdarski Geran, this principle was religion. The appreciation of the “positive” side of national indifference enables us to grasp “the native’s point of view,” how people themselves perceived and understood their reality, their identities, and loyalties.

scholarly journals МІСЬКА ПІСЕННА СУБКУЛЬТУРА ТА ПІСНІ СІЧОВИХ СТРІЛЬЦІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ РОЗВИТКУ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОЇ ТРАДИЦІЇ ЕСТРАДНО-МУЗИЧНОГО МИСТЕЦТВА ГАЛИЧИНИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Admink Admink
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Popular Song ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Multicultural Community ◽  
Established Norm

Висвітлюється процес зародження жанру «вуличної» (батярської) пісні як важливого елементу міської музичної субкультури в контексті принципових історично обумовлених змін у житті полікультурної громади Галичини кінця XIX – першої третини ХХ ст. Розглянуто виняткову за вагомістю у формуванні традицій популярної пісенності Галичини творчість січового стрілецтва та плеяди митців, що несли національну та регіональнупатріотичну символіку, виконували функції своєрідного мистецького протиставлення чужорідним впливам окупаційних режимів. Виявлено, що репертуарна традиція міської пісенної субкультури Галичини, як і творчість митців УСС та її фольклоризовані форми, будучи усталеною нормою широкого народного вжитку для західноукраїнських територій, поступово проектується на подальші процеси жанротворення та має значний впливна тенденції розвитку популярно-естрадної пісенності регіону.Ключові слова: естрадна пісня, патріотична пісня, міська пісенна субкультура, пісні Січових стрільців, регіональна пісенна традиція. The article highlights the process of formation of the genre of street («batiarskiy») song as an important element of the urban musical subculture in the context of fundamental historical changes in the life of the multicultural community of Galicia region at the end of the 19th – the first third of the 20th century. The exceptional importance of the creativity of Sich Riflemen and a whole galaxy of artists, who carried national and regional patriotic symbolism, ,performed the functions of a peculiar artistic opposition to alien influences of the occupation regime in forming of the traditions of the popular song of Galicia is considered in a separate perspective. It is revealed that the repertoire tradition of the urban song subculture of Galicia, as well as the creativity of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen’s artists and its folklorized forms, being the established norm of widespread popular use for the western Ukrainian territories, is ,,gradually projected on further processes of genre formation and certainly has a significant influence on the trends of popular development.Key words: variety song, patriotic song, urban song subculture, the songs of Sich Riflemen, regional song ,tradition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document