scholarly journals Stress, Self-Efficacy, Worries, and Challenges for Caregivers of Children with Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne Hand ◽  
Priya Soni ◽  
Rebecca Oyetoro ◽  
Anastasia Albanese-O’Neill ◽  
Heba Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patient Reported

Background:  Approximately 200,000 American youth live with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Intensive daily management is critical to optimize disease outcomes. Little is known about COVID-19 pandemic effects on persons with T1D and their caregivers. We hypothesized caregivers would report increased stress, lower self-efficacy (SE), and more difficult diabetes management associated with the pandemic.     Methods: A 49-item survey using Likert scales and open-ended response questions was distributed via email and T1D-related social media platforms from May 4-June 2,2020 to caregivers of children with T1D <18 years of age. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) SE short form was used to measure general SE.     Results:  260 caregivers completed surveys: 94.2% female, mean age 42.4±7.7 years, 80.3% college degree or higher, 53.8% annual income >$99,000, 77.3% privately insured. Mean child age 11.0±4.1 years, mean T1D duration 4.2±3.4 years. 24.2% reported having COVID-19 or knowing someone diagnosed with COVID-19. 71.9% reported greater stress than before the pandemic. 9.6% reported job loss, 25.8% financial difficulty related to COVID-19. General SE levels were high, significantly correlated with overall COVID-19-related SE (r=0.394, p<0.001), and T1D care-SE during COVID-19 (r=0.421, p<0.001). 210 respondents provided open-ended response qualitative information on worries: 87.6% reported a worry, remainder not worried.  Common worries were COVID-19-related diabetes complications including uncontrolled blood sugars, diabetic ketoacidosis, and worry about child’s increased risk for severe disease, including death. 209 reported about challenges; 90.9% stated they had at least one challenge. Family isolation and mental health were the most-stated challenges.     Conclusion:  Despite reporting high overall SE, caregivers of T1D children during the pandemic reported greater overall stress, worries, and challenges. Given that data do not suggest that children with T1D are at increased risk of COVID-19 complications, healthcare providers should work to address this knowledge gap while providing families with social and mental health supports. 

scholarly journals Self-efficacy scale for Brazilians with type 1 diabetes

2007 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Alves Gastal ◽  
Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro ◽  
Débora Potter Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetes Patients

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetes is a public health problem and good glycemic control is able to prevent or contain its complications. Self-efficacy is a key factor in successfully achieving behavior goals. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the insulin management diabetes self-efficacy scale (IMDSES) on type 1 diabetes patients from southern Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Validation study in two cities in southern Brazil. METHODS: The psychometric properties of IMDSES were evaluated in a population of type 1 diabetes patients (n = 213), from September to December 2004, who were attended within the Brazilian public healthcare system. Principal component analysis was conducted to develop the subscales. Cronbach’s alpha was used as the reliability coefficient. RESULTS: The analysis of psychometric properties resulted in an IMDSES consisting of 20 items and three subscales: diet (alpha: 0.83), insulin (alpha: 0.92) and general management (alpha: 0.78) and accounted for 53% of the variance. Criteria validity was investigated through two parameters: glycohemoglobin, which showed significant association with self-efficacy on the insulin subscale (p = 0.04), and the variable "adherence", which was significantly associated with self-efficacy on two subscales (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the IMDSES is valid and reliable, and can be used to measure results from diabetes educational programs and to measure self-efficacy relating to diabetes management, for possible interventions.

scholarly journals Identification of Psychological Factors Associated with Adherence to Self-Care Behaviors amongst Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dácil Alvarado-Martel ◽  
M. Ángeles Ruiz Fernández ◽  
Maribel Cuadrado Vigaray ◽  
Armando Carrillo ◽  
Mauro Boronat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Therapeutic Education ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Lower Adherence

Purpose. To explore the factors involved in adherence to self-care behaviors in patients with type 1 diabetes. Materials and Methods. Patients with type 1 diabetes (age range: 14-71 years) were invited to participate at seven Spanish hospitals. They completed a dossier which recorded sociodemographic and clinical variables and also measured personality variables, emotional state, beliefs, and concerns regarding the illness, by means of questionnaires. Results. A total of 428 patients with type 1 diabetes were included (58% women, age 36 (11.8) years, diabetes duration 18.3 (10.2) years, HbA1c 7.9 +/-1.3%). A total of 60.1% of patients found it difficult to follow the treatment recommendations for the care of their disease. The reasons given were mood (25.2%), lack of motivation (13.4%), work (12%), and economic difficulties (3.8%). Other personal reasons were reported by 5.7%. Motivation, training in diabetes management, importance the patient attributed to the disease, and self-efficacy were the variables that predicted adherence to self-care behaviors, together accounting for 32% of its variance. Anxiety and depression were highly prevalent in this study population (57.1% and 23.1%, respectively) and were associated with lower adherence. Conclusion. In the present study assessing patients with type 1 diabetes, motivation, training in diabetes management, beliefs regarding the disease, and self-efficacy were the main contributors to adherence to self-care behaviors. On the other hand, anxiety and depression were highly prevalent and associated with lower adherence. Thus, supplementing therapeutic education with strategies designed to raise levels of motivation, discussion of beliefs about the disease, and encouragement of self-efficacy might be a useful way to increase patient involvement in self-care.

scholarly journals Evaluating Parents’ Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Management in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes

2016 ◽  
pp. jsw072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Noser ◽  
Susana R. Patton ◽  
Jason Van Allen ◽  
Michael B. Nelson ◽  
Mark A. Clements
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes

scholarly journals Impulse Control, Diabetes-Specific Self-Efficacy, and Diabetes Management Among Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Stupiansky ◽  
K. M. Hanna ◽  
J. E. Slaven ◽  
M. T. Weaver ◽  
J. D. Fortenberry
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Control Diabetes

scholarly journals Feasibility, Validity, and Reliability of the 10-item Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Short Form in Outpatients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanthini Kasturi ◽  
Jackie Szymonifka ◽  
Jayme C. Burket ◽  
Jessica R. Berman ◽  
Kyriakos A. Kirou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Health Domains

Objective.To assess the feasibility, validity, and reliability of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Short Form (PROMIS10) in outpatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.SLE outpatients completed PROMIS10, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36), LupusQoL-US, and selected PROMIS computerized adaptive tests (CAT) at routine visits at an SLE Center of Excellence. Construct validity was evaluated by correlating PROMIS10 physical and mental health scores with PROMIS CAT, legacy instruments, and physician-derived measures of disease activity and damage. Test-retest reliability was determined among subjects reporting stable SLE activity at 2 assessments 1 week apart using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).Results.A diverse cohort of 204 out of 238 patients with SLE (86%) completed survey instruments. PROMIS10 physical health scores strongly correlated with physical function, pain, and social health domains in PROMIS CAT, SF-36, and LupusQoL, while mental health scores strongly correlated with PROMIS depression CAT, SF-36, and LupusQoL mental health domains (Spearman correlations ≥ 0.70). Active arthritis, comorbid fibromyalgia (FM), and anxiety were associated with worse PROMIS10 scores, but sociodemographic factors and physician-assessed flare status were not. Test-retest reliability for PROMIS10 physical and mental health scores was high (ICC ≥ 0.85). PROMIS10 required < 2 minutes to complete.Conclusion.PROMIS10 is valid and reliable, and can efficiently screen for impaired physical function, pain, and emotional distress in outpatients with SLE. With strong correlations to LupusQoL and SF-36 but significantly reduced responder burden, PROMIS10 is a promising tool for measuring patient-reported outcomes in routine SLE clinical care and value-based healthcare initiatives.

scholarly journals Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes: Past Experiences and Future Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2805
Author(s):  
Przemysław Beik ◽  
Martyna Ciesielska ◽  
Maria Kucza ◽  
Alicja Kurczewska ◽  
Joanna Kuźmińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Autoimmune Destruction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incurable Condition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Past Experiences

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreas, caused by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Despite the introduction of advanced technologies for diabetes management, most patients fail to achieve target glycemic control, and T1D still has a high burden of long-term end-organ complications. Over several decades, multiple clinical trials have attempted to find prevention for T1D in at-risk individuals or to stabilize, ultimately reverse, the disease in those with T1D. To date, T1D remains yet incurable condition; however, recently improved understanding of the natural history of the disease may lead to new strategies to preserve or improve beta-cell function in those at increased risk and T1D patients. This publication aims to provide an overview of past experiences and recent findings in the prevention of T1D.

scholarly journals An Integrative Review of Self-efficacy Measurement Instruments in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Rasbach ◽  
Carolyn Jenkins ◽  
Lori Laffel
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
White Middle Class

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the extant literature on instruments used to measure self-efficacy in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and their caregivers and to critically evaluate these measurements. Methods An integrative review (2003-2013) was conducted searching PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and US National Library of Medicine PubMed service (PubMed) databases using key words diabetes, type 1 diabetes, and self-efficacy. The authors reviewed the resulting 294 references for inclusion criteria of (a) sample of youth with T1DM or sample of caregivers of youth with T1DM, (b) description of the self-efficacy instrument as primary research, and (c) the instrument measured self-efficacy specifically related to diabetes management. Forty-five articles out of the initial 294 met criteria. Results Of the 45 articles, 10 different self-efficacy instruments were identified. The primary theoretical framework used was Bandura’s social cognitive theory and model of self-efficacy. Most participants were white middle-class T1DM youth. Evaluations to assess validity often were not reported; however, a majority of studies reported high internal consistency of the instruments. Conclusions Sample homogeneity could limit the applicability of results to certain patient populations. Further psychometric analysis, including validity assessments, should be conducted in more diverse samples. Development of valid and reliable instruments for measuring self-efficacy that are sensitive to change across a wider caregiver base over time is necessary. While this review examined reliable and valid instruments used in research, future opportunities include evaluation of measuring self-efficacy in T1DM youth exposed to recent advances in diabetes management technologies.

scholarly journals Psychological Well-Being of Carers of Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Comparison with Carers of Children without a Chronic Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 096-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Thomson ◽  
Philip Bergman ◽  
Margaret Hay
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Context Caring for a child with a chronic illness requires additional responsibilities and burdens. Aims This research examined psychological well-being of carers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A comparison group of carers of children without a chronic condition was included to determine the specific influence T1DM has on carer well-being. Methods This cross-sectional correlational study included a sample of 93 carers of children with T1DM, and 84 comparison carers. Participants were administered the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS21), and the Parenting Stress Index Short Form 4th edition via an online questionnaire. Results Multivariate analysis revealed no significant differences between carer groups; additional univariate analyses, however, indicated that carers of children with T1DM scored significantly higher on depression and stress subscales on the DASS21, and recorded elevated anxiety scores. Conclusions Carers of children with T1DM appear to manage parenting stress; however, they may be at increased risk of depression, general stress, and anxiety.

scholarly journals Parental Stress, Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Associated with Self-Efficacy in Paediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Giulia Bassi ◽  
Elisa Mancinelli ◽  
Daniela Di Riso ◽  
Silvia Salcuni
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Paediatric Diabetes ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Background: Parents play a significant role in the management and monitoring of their children’s Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), being considered a family disease. The current review intends to investigate parental stress, depression and anxiety symptoms associated with self-efficacy referred to paediatric diabetes management. Method: A literature review was carried out using PsycINFO, Web of Science and PubMed where the following terms were considered: diabetes mellitus, paediatric, parent-child relationship, self-efficacy, parenting stress, perceived stress, stress, depression, anxiety. Standing a defined list of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 33 papers were finally included. Results: Findings have shown that parents experience relatively high levels of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms related to managing a child with T1DM and are associated with parental self-efficacy. Parental stress predicts a worsening in the control of HbA1c levels, while parental diabetes-specific distress predicts an increase in children depression symptoms. High parental self-efficacy associates with better monitoring, allowing better adherence and more balanced HbA1c levels in the children. Conclusions: Interventions aimed at fostering social support, improving diabetes management, and decreasing perceived stress, might alleviate parents’ psychological symptoms by focusing on increasing their self-efficacy. Digital interventions might also represent valuable solutions to support parents in the management of paediatric diabetes not presented and substantiated in the main text and should not exaggerate the main conclusions.

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