scholarly journals Diplomatic Intervention and the Effects of Third-Party State Power on Intrastate War Outcome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexann Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
State Power ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Intrastate War ◽  
Military Victory ◽  
Party State

This paper seeks to examine the role third-party states may play as diplomatic intervenors in intrastate wars. Because diplomatic interventions seek settlement outcomes over military victory, understanding the efficacy of these interventions may provide support for their usage over non-diplomatic options. I hypothesize that third-party state power, in the form of military, economic, and political capabilities, will impact the likelihood of diplomatic intervention outcome; more powerful third-party states will have a greater likelihood of producing preferred outcomes. I use 12 multinomial regression models to examine this relationship. I find that economic capabilities are the only factor of state power that produce a significant relationship with partial settlement only. Assessing this relationship, I suggest states with higher levels of economic production and consumption may have positive, yet also limited, impacts as diplomatic intervenors in intrastate war.

Rape Reporting: “Classic Rape” and the Behavior of Law

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody Clay-Warner ◽  
Jennifer McMahon-Howard
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Multivariate Test ◽  
Victim Reporting ◽  
Behavior Of Law ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Behavior Of Law

Two theories of rape reporting, the Classic Rape perspective and Black’s Theory of the Behavior of Law, are tested in this article. We offer the first comprehensive multivariate test of Classic Rape predictions among a nationally representative sample of victims, as well as the first test of Black’s predictions for rape reporting. Through the construction of multinomial regression models, we are able to examine reporting patterns for both victims and third parties. Weapon use and physical injury consistently predicted reporting. The likelihood of victim reporting significantly increased when assaults occurred either in public or through a “home blitz,” whereas place of assault did not affect the likelihood of third-party reporting. On the other hand, victim–offender relationship significantly affected the likelihood of third-party reporting but was not significant in the victim-reporting models. There were mixed findings regarding Black’s stratification and morphology predictions, and we found no significant effects for culture, organization, or social control. Overall, these findings lend greater support to the Classic Rape perspective than to Black’s model.

Reforms and transformation paths in comparative perspective: challenging comparative views on East European and Chinese reforms

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Csanádi
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
State Power ◽  
State Model ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Dynamic Background ◽  
East European ◽  
Structural Context ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Party State ◽  
Chinese Reforms

Reforms, in view of a comparative party-state model, become the instruments of self-reproduction and self-destruction of party-state power. The specific patterns of power distribution imply different development and transformation paths through different instruments of self-reproduction. This approach also points to the structural and dynamic background of the differences in the location, sequence, speed and political conditions of reforms during the operation and transformation of party-states. In view of the model the paper points to the inconsistencies that emerge in the comparative reform literature concerning the evaluation and strategies of reforms disconnected from their systemic-structural context.

The Effects of Religion and Modernization on Egyptian Women’s IPV Attitudes

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122097880
Author(s):  
Golshan Golriz ◽  
Skye Miner
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
The Relationship

This article uses the 2008 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey to explore the relationship between religion and women’s attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV). It also asks whether modernization, as measured by having a higher education or living in an urban area, can mediate or moderate this relationship. Using latent class analysis to create categories of women’s wife-beating attitudes, and multinomial regression to explore the relationship between religion, education, and urbanity, we find no significant relationship between being Muslim and justifying wife beating. Our data further suggest that neither education nor urbanity mediate or moderate this relationship.

scholarly journals Correction to: MicroBVS: Dirichlet-tree multinomial regression models with Bayesian variable selection - an R package

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Koslovsky ◽  
Marina Vannucci
Keyword(s):  
Variable Selection ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
R Package ◽  
Bayesian Variable Selection ◽  
Multinomial Regression

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

scholarly journals Uptake of Childcare Arrangements—Grandparental Availability and Availability of Formal Childcare

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Naomi Biegel ◽  
Karel Neels ◽  
Layla Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
Care Arrangement ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Formal Childcare

Grandparents constitute an important source of childcare to many parents. Focusing on the Belgian context, this paper improves our understanding of childcare decision-making by investigating how formal childcare availability and availability of grandparents affect childcare arrangements. By means of multinomial regression models we simultaneously model uptake of formal and informal childcare by parents. Combining linked microdata from the Belgian censuses with contextual data on childcare at the level of municipalities, we consider formal childcare availability at a local level, while including a wide array of characteristics which may affect grandparental availability. Results indicate that increasing formal care crowds-out informal care as the sole care arrangement, whereas combined use of formal and informal care becomes more prevalent. Characteristics indicating a lack of grandmaternal availability increase uptake of formal care and inhibit to a lesser extent the uptake of combined formal and informal care. While increasing formal care substitutes informal care use, the lack of availability of informal care by grandparents may be problematic, particularly for those families most prone to use informal care.

scholarly journals Characterizing COVID-19 clinical phenotypes and associated comorbidities and complication profiles

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248956
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Lusczek ◽  
Nicholas E. Ingraham ◽  
Basil S. Karam ◽  
Jennifer Proper ◽  
Lianne Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ensemble Clustering ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Tailored Therapy ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
Multivariable Models

Purpose Heterogeneity has been observed in outcomes of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Identification of clinical phenotypes may facilitate tailored therapy and improve outcomes. The purpose of this study is to identify specific clinical phenotypes across COVID-19 patients and compare admission characteristics and outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients from March 7, 2020 to August 25, 2020 at 14 U.S. hospitals. Ensemble clustering was performed on 33 variables collected within 72 hours of admission. Principal component analysis was performed to visualize variable contributions to clustering. Multinomial regression models were fit to compare patient comorbidities across phenotypes. Multivariable models were fit to estimate associations between phenotype and in-hospital complications and clinical outcomes. Results The database included 1,022 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Three clinical phenotypes were identified (I, II, III), with 236 [23.1%] patients in phenotype I, 613 [60%] patients in phenotype II, and 173 [16.9%] patients in phenotype III. Patients with respiratory comorbidities were most commonly phenotype III (p = 0.002), while patients with hematologic, renal, and cardiac (all p<0.001) comorbidities were most commonly phenotype I. Adjusted odds of respiratory, renal, hepatic, metabolic (all p<0.001), and hematological (p = 0.02) complications were highest for phenotype I. Phenotypes I and II were associated with 7.30-fold (HR:7.30, 95% CI:(3.11–17.17), p<0.001) and 2.57-fold (HR:2.57, 95% CI:(1.10–6.00), p = 0.03) increases in hazard of death relative to phenotype III. Conclusion We identified three clinical COVID-19 phenotypes, reflecting patient populations with different comorbidities, complications, and clinical outcomes. Future research is needed to determine the utility of these phenotypes in clinical practice and trial design.

TP2-4 The impact of social deprivation upon global traumatic brain injury outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. e14.3-e14
Author(s):  
TJ Humphries ◽  
R Singh ◽  
S Ingram ◽  
S Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Equal Variance ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Univariate Analyses

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of social deprivation upon global TBI outcome.DesignThe study was a prospective observational study.Subjects1332 consecutive adult TBI patients were recruited into the study. 131 study participants were lost within the study.MethodsAll patients were assessed by the acute TBI team at the point of their injuries. Both injury and demographic data was collated at this point including: age, gender, medical comorbidities and GCS. The measure of social deprivation used, was the Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Score. The outcome measure, conducted at 12 months post-injury, was the GOSE. Univariate analyses were conducted prior to the final Multinomial Regression, between the GOSE score and injury factors.ResultsWith regard to the representation of IMD deciles, the study population and the general population are two independent groups, but the standard deviation is sufficiently similar for them to be considered pooled (equal variance)(t-test p=0.139). Within the univariate analyses statistically significant relationships were noted between IMD and GOSE (p≤0.00). There was no relationship noted between IMD and GCS at the time of injury (p=0.409), or medical co-morbidity (p=0.682). The multinominal regression revealed a significant relationship between between worsening GOSE and IMD, Age, Medical Comorbidity and GCS (p≤0.00).ConclusionsThere is a statically significant relationship between increasing social deprivation and worsening global TBI outcomes.

scholarly journals From margarine to butter: predictors of changing bread spread in an 11-year population follow-up

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1707-1717
Author(s):  
Ritva Prättälä ◽  
Esko Levälahti ◽  
Tea Lallukka ◽  
Satu Männistö ◽  
Laura Paalanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Soft Margarine ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Representative Random Sample

AbstractObjectiveFinland is known for a sharp decrease in the intake of saturated fat and cardiovascular mortality. Since 2000, however, the consumption of butter-containing spreads – an important source of saturated fats – has increased. We examined social and health-related predictors of the increase among Finnish men and women.DesignAn 11-year population follow-up.SettingA representative random sample of adult Finns, invited to a health survey in 2000.SubjectsAltogether 5414 persons aged 30–64 years at baseline in 2000 were re-invited in 2011. Of men 1529 (59 %) and of women 1853 (66 %) answered the questions on bread spreads at both time points. Respondents reported the use of bread spreads by choosing one of the following alternatives: no fat, soft margarine, butter–vegetable oil mixture and butter, which were later categorized into margarine/no spread and butter/butter–vegetable oil mixture (= butter). The predictors included gender, age, marital status, education, employment status, place of residence, health behaviours, BMI and health. Multinomial regression models were fitted.ResultsOf the 2582 baseline margarine/no spread users, 24.6% shifted to butter. Only a few of the baseline sociodemographic or health-related determinants predicted the change. Finnish women were more likely to change to butter than men. Living with a spouse predicted the change among men.ConclusionsThe change from margarine to butter between 2000 and 2011 seemed not to be a matter of compliance with official nutrition recommendations. Further longitudinal studies on social, behavioural and motivational predictors of dietary changes are needed.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Influences and BMI in Urban Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlesia L. Mathis ◽  
Ronica N. Rooks ◽  
Rima H. Tawk ◽  
Daniel J. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Neighborhood Crime ◽  
Neighborhood Influences ◽  
Perceived Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Very High

Objective: Increases in body weight and declining physical activity that may accompany aging are linked to a range of problems affecting daily life (i.e., decreased mobility and overall quality of life). This study investigates the actual and perceived neighborhood environment on overweight and obese urban older adults. Method: We selected 217 individuals aged 65+ who answered questions about their neighborhood on the 2009 Speak to Your Health survey. Using multinomial regression models and geospatial models, we examined relationships between neighborhood environment and BMI. Results: We found that obese older adults were 63% less likely to have a park within their neighborhood ( p = .04). Our results also show that older adults who perceive their neighborhood crime as very high are 12 times more likely to be overweight ( p = .04). Discussion: Findings suggest that parks may affect BMI in older adults; however, neighborhood perceptions play a greater role.

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