scholarly journals Dynamic changes in the lower Gállego River (Ebro Basin, NE Spain) and their relationship with anthropic activities and the quaternary substrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-393
Author(s):  
J.L. Peña-Monné ◽  
L.A. Longares-Aladrén ◽  
V. Rubio-Fernández ◽  
M.M. Sampietro-Vattuone ◽  
M. Sánchez-Fabre
Keyword(s):  
Ebro Basin ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Channel Incision ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Gravel Mining ◽  
Fluvial Dynamics ◽  
Deep Channel ◽  
Factor Conditioning ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Main Factor

The lower Gállego River has been strongly degraded since the 1960s due to human activity (gravel mining, dump accumulation, channeling works), which has produced a deep channel incision. Although these human-driven processes are usually reported in fluvial bibliography, in this case, more complex results are observable. For instance, regarding the depth and incision rates, we observed no relationship between the most anthropically impacted areas and the sections with the deepest incisions; moreover, the deepening process continues 40 years after the human interventions ceased. The reason for this maladjustment is the role played by the exhumation of the underlying Pleistocene substrate, affected by the synsedimentary processes of karstification. The appearance of paleodolines filled with fine sediments on the incision bottom and sides is the main factor conditioning the continuity and magnitude of the process. Besides, these paleodepressions direct the river dynamics and course, thus favoring its widening when they appear and causing the development of a new riverbed (Qt13) while the 1960s floodplain (Qt12) is becoming an old terrace located between 5 and 11 m above the new alluvial bottom. There are no previous records about this kind of consequences in the regional fluvial dynamics.

The Economic Efficiency of the Romanian Higher Education at the End of the 1960s. A Demographical Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Corina Doboș
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Education System ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract: With the development of demography and population studies in the second half of the 1960s in Romania, a special attention was given to the economic efficiency of the Romanian education system, as education was considered ‘the main factor of economic growth’. Several demographic and economic studies reveal a special concern for the developmental effectiveness of the higher education system. This article examines several key concepts (such as ‘intellectual capital’ as opposed to ‘physical capital’, or ‘education stocks’), used by Romanian demographers for the evaluation of the economic efficiency of the Romanian higher education system at the end of the 1960s.

scholarly journals Research on Settlement Prediction of Small Water Conservancy Project based on ELM Model Optimized by Genetic Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 03065
Author(s):  
Ruizi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Activation Function ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Settlement Prediction ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Water Conservancy Project ◽  
Water Conservancy ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Main Factor

To find suitable for small water conservancy engineering standard method for prediction of subsidence. This paper based on the genetic algorithm GA optimization extreme learning machine, three different ELM model activation function. From this, six computational models are obtained. According to the input of groundwater dynamic changes, precipitation, temperature and soil four indicators of the two kinds of input combinations, a total of 12 kinds of model input. It’s concluded that the optimal settlement prediction model, the results showed that: Ga-ELMsin model shows high accuracy, and genetic algorithm can improve the calculation accuracy of ELM model. Groundwater dynamics is the main factor affecting settlement.

Interactions between fluvial dynamics and scarp retreat in the Central Ebro Basin during MCA and LIA periods: Palaeogeographical and geoarchaeological reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 110301
Author(s):  
José Luis Peña-Monné ◽  
María Marta Sampietro-Vattuone ◽  
Luis Alberto Longares-Aladrén ◽  
Miguel Sánchez-Fabre ◽  
Ana Constante
Keyword(s):  
Ebro Basin ◽  
Fluvial Dynamics

scholarly journals Online Purchasing Behaviour of Consumers at Zalora in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 413-426
Author(s):  
Nor Shairah Binti Aznor ◽  
Nur Asma’ Husna Binti A. Ramli ◽  
Nurul Nadhirah Binti Mamat Zamri ◽  
Sek Win Nye ◽  
Siti Nur Batrisya Najwa Binti Basri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Main Factor

In the 1960s, the emergence of technology introduced by humans spurred the establishment of the Internet that can engage all people globally. Since 1994, the Internet has contributed tremendously towards the evolution of online shopping through the development Electronic Commerce (EC). There are many online shopping websites that have been established by various companies as other alternatives for consumers to purchase their goods or services rather than shopping at the stores. In Malaysia, the reputation and brand image of ZALORA has become the centre and the focus of society. It automatically raises a question among the marketers regarding the motives of the consumers in choosing ZALORA rather than other online shopping websites. This is due to the attractiveness of ZALORA that has led the consumers’ intention in purchasing or ordering the goods or services online. Therefore, it is vital to investigate and identify the factors that influence the consumers' purchasing behaviour as well as their intentions in shopping online at ZALORA. In order to fill the gap of this study, the data of 377 respondents were collected and analysed by using the Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS) software version no.25. The findings show that the website designs of ZALORA have been portrayed as the main factor that has contributed to the purchasing behaviour of consumers for online shopping at ZALORA in comparison to other factors which were convenience, time saving and security.

scholarly journals Roofing tiles or slates? A network analysis of factors influencing architect choice

2019 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Saki Gerassis ◽  
Ángeles Saavedra ◽  
Julio F. García ◽  
Javier Taboada ◽  
Santiago López
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Bayesian Network Model ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Factor Conditioning ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Bayesian Machine Learning ◽  
Roofing Materials ◽  
Main Factor

Tiles and slates are the two most commonly used roofing materials worldwide, yet many customers and construction professionals are frequently unsure about which product to choose. In this article, a network analysis based on a Bayesian machine learning approach was used to identify which are the main factors and how they influence architect decision about roofing tiles or slates. For that, the information collected from a survey conducted to 429 architects working in the Spanish construction sector was used to create a Bayesian network model that represents the conditional dependencies of the variables considered when the decision is taken. The results obtained allow to unveil aesthetic as the main factor conditioning architect decision for roofing tiles. In turn, the decision is more complex when roofing slates, since architects apart from the price they strongly considered the ability of installers in the decision process.

The dog that didn't bark: economic development and the postwar welfare state

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis G. Castles
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Factor Conditioning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Main Factor

This paper focuses on the linkages between postwar economic and social policy development. Examining the relationship between affluence and levels of welfare over the period as a whole reveals a tendency for social expenditure effort to be higher in moderately affluent then in extremely affluent nations. Turning to the question of how economic growth impacted on welfare expansion in the early postwar decades, the paper argues that growth was a necessary, rather than a sufficient, condition of welfare development. Finally, analysis of the era of welfare containment suggests that domestic economic performance has been the main factor conditioning expenditure change

Sediment Mobility in the Severn Estuary and its Influence upon the Distribution of Shorebirds

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (S1) ◽  
pp. s331-s340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Ferns
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Intertidal Sediment ◽  
Severn Estuary ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Sediment Mobility ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Muddy Sediments ◽  
Log Linear

In December 1979, superficial muddy sediments were eroded from considerable areas of the intertidal zone of the southern shores of the Severn Estuary during a period of prolonged westerly gales. Shorebird numbers at the affected sites showed an immediate decline as a result of the depletion of their mud-dwelling invertebrate food resources, and there was a corresponding increase in the numbers of birds along the northern shores of the estuary where no such erosion had occurred. Detailed monthly counts of 14 species of shorebirds in the Severn Estuary during 1971/72 to 1975/76 were therefore examined to determine if any of the previously unexplained anomalies in their distribution coincided with weather conditions likely to have given rise to similar losses of intertidal sediment. Although the 5 yr in question were relatively calm compared with the 1960s, there were five individual months during which the mean hourly windspeeds exceeded 13 m∙s−1 on more than 25 occasions. During these periods, the average deviations in the numbers of Shelduck, Grey Plover, Dunlin, Curlew, and Redshank from those predicted by a log-linear model taking seasonal, annual, and regional trends into account, were particularly large. Furthermore, the sites which were involved in each case were those that were directly exposed to the prevailing winds during the windiest periods of the month in question. High winds, by propagating waves that mobilize fine sediments in the intertidal zone, are thus implicated as a significant factor influencing the distribution of some shorebirds.Key words: Severn Estuary, sediment mobility, shorebird distribution, wading birds, local migration

scholarly journals Dating and interpretation of recent clastic sediments in an urban cave

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Evan Hart
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
137Cs Activity ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Cave Sediments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

Capshaw Cave functions as a major stormwater runoff channel for the city of Cookeville, Tennessee, receiving inputs from several large sinkholes. Sediments deposited in the cave reflect the history of erosion and runoff from the city as it grew over the last century. At various locations in the cave, ~1 m thick sequences of flood-deposited, laminated fine sediments were observed along the modern stream. Alternating laminations observed in the upper ~40 cm of the sediment profile varied between 0.5 cm thick (10Y 7/6 yellow, fine sand) and 2.0 cm thick (10Y 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty sand) layers. Based on measurements of 137Cs activity, the upper 35 cm of sediment was deposited between 1963 (the peak year of 137Cs fallout from nuclear testing) and 2013 (the year samples were collected), at an average rate of 0.7 cm/y. A total of 23 alternating pairs of layers indicate an average flood recurrence interval of ~2.2 years between 1963 and 2013. Total Pb concentrations measured in cave sediments showed a peak at the 45 cm depth, suggesting that sediments above this level were deposited after the decline in Pb emissions in the 1970s, and showing general agreement with the timing of deposition suggested by 137Cs. Below 40 cm, the dark silty sand layers were fewer in number and increased in thickness (up to 10 cm), possibly due to changes in cave hydrology or sediment erosion from the surrounding watershed. These findings suggest that, before the 1960s, sedimentation rates were higher and floods were less frequent. After the 1960s, sedimentation rates decreased and floods became more common, probably as a result of urbanization in the watershed.

Analysis of Carbon Footprint of Energy Consumption in He’nan Province Based on LMD Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1099-1106
Author(s):  
Qing Song Li ◽  
Qian Wen ◽  
Qing Xiang Meng ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Jing Ying Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Logarithmic Mean ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Main Factor

This article used the Logarithmic Mean weight Divisia Index(LMDI),analyzed the dynamic changes of carbon footprint of the energy consumption and its influencing factors in He’nan province from 1991 to 2010. The results showed that the carbon footprint and its pressure were increasing, and the carbon footprint intensity was decreasing; Economic development was the main factor of the increasing of carbon footprint in He’nan province, the influences of population scales and energy structure on carton footprint was relatively small; the efficiency of energy use was the main factor to restrain the increasing of carbon footprint; optimizing the energy structure and reducing the ratio of coal in energy consumption were the important means to slow down the increasing of carton footprint in He’nan province.

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