Tillage in relation to rainfall intensity and infiltration capacity of soils.

Starting from Darcy's law, the rate of infiltration of water into homogeneous and layered soils is given. At field capacity the rate of infiltration approaches that of percolation. The influence of an upper layer of high permeability on infiltration rate of the subsoil is small; loosening the surface layer increases infiltration capacity until it is saturated and further infiltration is limited by the percolation rate of the subsoil at field capacity. Stagnation of water at the soil surface during periods of high rainfall intensity may be prevented by cultivation. A graph shows maximum rainfall surplus to be dependent on percolation rate. Cultivating soil in view of infiltration capacity is not important if the percolation rate of the subsoil is >1.5 cm/hr, since corresponding high rainfall intensities occur in summer when soil is not bare and potential evapo-transpiration is high. With low percolation rate and a potential storage capacity of the upper layer X'p = 0.25, a depth of 11-22 cm of the upper layer is sufficient to store the maximum surplus rain in Holland even during extreme wet periods. The total storage capacity of subsoil is only limiting with small depths or very low values of potential storage capacity. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Rain Effect Frequency of Infiltration Rate and Infiltration Capacity in Common Soil: Laboratory Test with Rainfall Simulator

Journal La Multiapp ◽

10.37899/journallamultiapp.v1i1.37 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 26-35

Author(s):

Nasruddin ◽

Aso

Keyword(s):

Soil Type ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Soil Moisture Content ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Infiltration Capacity ◽

Rainfall Simulator ◽

Rainfall Frequency ◽

Rain Effect

Analyzing the Influence of Rain Frequency Infiltration Rate and Infiltration Capacity in Common Soil Type (Laboratory Testing Study With Rainfall Simulator). Infiltration is the flow of water into the ground through the soil surface. This process is a very important part of the hydrological cycle and in the process of transferring rain into the flow of water in the soil before reaching the river. Infiltration (infiltration rate and capacity) is influenced by various variables, including soil type, slope inclination, density and type of vegetation, soil moisture content, and rainfall intensity. This study aims to determine the effect of rainfall frequency on the infiltration rate and infiltration capacity on common soil types. This research is a type of laboratory experimental research, using rainfall simulator tool. The soil used in this study is common soil type. Furthermore, artificial rain was provided with intensity I5, I15, and I25 and performed infiltration rate reading on the Drain Rainfall Simulator. The rate and capacity of infiltration in common soils increase proportionally to the increased intensity of rainfall, the higher the intensity of rainfall the higher the infiltration occurring at the same level of rain frequency. The rate and capacity of infiltration in common soils decrease proportionally to the increasing frequency of rain, the more the frequency of rain the smaller the infiltration occurring at the same level of rainfall intensity

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A Compact Weighing Lysimeter to Estimate the Water Infiltration Rate in Agricultural Soils

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Laura Ávila-Dávila ◽

Manuel Soler-Méndez ◽

Carlos Francisco Bautista-Capetillo ◽

Julián González-Trinidad ◽

Hugo Enrique Júnez-Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Soils ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Mass Conservation ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Vertical Movement ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Infiltration Capacity ◽

Silty Loam ◽

Rain Events ◽

Weighing Lysimeter

Infiltration estimation is made by tests such as concentric cylinders, which are prone to errors, such as the lateral movement under the ring. Several possibilities have been developed over the last decades to compensate these errors, which are based on physical, electronic, and mathematical principles. In this research, two approaches are proposed to measure the water infiltration rate in a silty loam soil by means of the mass values of a lysimeter weighing under rainfall conditions and different moisture contents. Based on the fact that with the lysimeter it is possible to determine acting soil flows very precisely, then with the help of mass conservation and assuming a downward vertical movement, 12 rain events were analyzed. In addition, it was possible to monitor the behavior of soil moisture and to establish the content at field capacity from the values of the weighing lysimeter, from which both approach are based. The infiltration rate of these events showed a variable rate at the beginning of the rainfall until reaching a maximum, to descend to a stable or basic rate. This basic infiltration rate was 1.49 ± 0.36 mm/h, and this is because soils with fine textures have reported low infiltration capacity. Four empirical or semi-empirical models of infiltration were calibrated with the values obtained with our approaches, showing a better fit with the Horton’s model.

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The Effects of Tillage Practices on Interrill Erosion in the Red Soil Region of China

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.13597 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 211-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yi Wang ◽

Longxi Cao

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Red Soil ◽

Rainfall Simulation ◽

Conservation Practices ◽

High Rainfall ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Tillage Practices

HighlightsConservation practices (straw mulch, manure, peanut-orange intercrop) reduced soil and water loss vs. tillage.Reductions in soil loss were greatest under high rainfall intensity or low soil moisture.Measured interrill erodibility was relatively high in dry run tests and decreased with the final infiltration rate.ABSTRACT.Tillage practices have been adopted extensively to control runoff and soil loss from croplands. To quantify the effects of tillage practices on erosion processes in interrill areas, microplot rainfall simulation experiments were conducted in peanut fields with five tillage practices in the red soil region of China. The results showed that conservation tillage practices, including straw mulch cover (PC), manure fertilizer (PM), and peanut-orange intercropping (PO), could significantly conserve water and reduce soil loss rates by more than 50% compared with traditional furrow (PF) and peanut-radish rotation (PR) treatments. The variations in the hydrologic and soil loss indexes among the treatments were larger in the dry run tests than in the wet run tests. Accordingly, the efficiencies of the conservation practices in reducing soil loss were reflected mainly under a high rainfall intensity or low soil moisture in this study. Additionally, the runoff generation indexes were significantly correlated with the soil loss rate in all five treatments. The measured interrill erodibility was highest in the PR treatment (944,124 kg s-1 m-4) and lowest in the PO and PM treatments (571,797 and 584,238 kg s-1 m-4, respectively), as the organic matter content and aggregate stability were relatively high in the two conservation treatments. Influenced by the dynamics of loose materials and possible surface sealing, the interrill erodibility was relatively high and decreased with the final infiltration rate when measured under the dry run conditions. These results could guide cropland soil management and improve process-based erosion models. Keywords: Interrill erodibility, Interrill erosion, Rainfall simulation, Red soil region, Tillage practices.

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Simulation of Runoff for Varying Mulch Coverage on a Sloped Surface

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.339 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 409-410 ◽

pp. 339-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Su Fang Cui ◽

Ying Hua Pan ◽

Quan Yuan Wu ◽

Zhen Hua Zhang ◽

Bao Xiang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Northwest China ◽

Slope Gradient ◽

Soil Infiltration ◽

Infiltration Capacity ◽

Coverage Ratio ◽

Runoff Volume

The use of thin plastic film to cover slope surfaces can lead to slope runoff and soil erosion in Loess hilly areas in northwest China. Three main factors (slope, rainfall intensity, and coverage ratio) were selected to analyze variations in runoff dynamics for a Lou soil surface and to obtain a theoretical foundation for practical application. The results indicate that for a fixed rainfall intensity and coverage ratio, a critical slope gradient close to 26.8% was observed. For a fixed coverage ratio and slope gradient, the cumulative runoff volume increased with the rainfall intensity. Overland flow varied with the coverage ratio and this can be attributed to increases in the cumulative runoff volume and runoff velocity with increasing coverage ratio. The experimental results show that for double-ridge cultivation with film mulching, the best coverage ratio is 50:150. This ratio not only reduces moisture evaporation and promotes soil conservation, but also effectively improves rainwater utilization and reduces soil erosion. In addition, for slope gradients exceeding 26.8%, runoff decreases and the soil infiltration capacity increases, so a slope gradient of 26.836.4% is optimal for the local cultivation model.

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Effect of Slope on Infiltration Capacity and Erosion of Mount Merapi Slope Materials

Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum ◽

10.22146/jcef.58350 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1000 (1000) ◽

Author(s):

Adam Pamudji Rahardjo

Keyword(s):

Surface Runoff ◽

Erosion Rate ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Infiltration Capacity ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Slope Steepness ◽

Balance Principle ◽

Exponential Equations ◽

The Relationship

Infiltration which occurs on slope has a specific behavior that can be parameterized. One of the reasons is because the slope generates less ponding on the sloping soil surface. This condition affects infiltration rate and surface runoff proportion of water from any kind of rainfall distribution in time. Since surface runoff tends to be higher, erosion rate is also to be higher on slope. The slope steepness is the most important parameter of a slope. In this study, the effect of slope steepness on infiltration capacity and erosion rate of Mount Merapi bare slope material were tested in a laboratory using rainfall simulator. Three values of slope steepness of 36%, 47%, and 58% were used. The rainfall intensity was set constant and was found has rate of 116,312 mm/hour. The infiltration rate was measured by volumetric balance principle and the erosion rates were measured by collecting the eroded grains at the downstream end tank. Infiltration rate was evaluated by using Horton method and the average erosion were analyzed from the eroded grain data for each test. After fitting the recorded infiltration rate data to the Horton equation, the infiltration capacity was obtained. The results were the relationship between slope steepness and the affected the infiltration capacity and erosion for each test. Infiltration capacity is found to increase and the decrease with the increase of slope steepness while erosion rate is found to increase on the steeper slope. The increase of erosion range is between 15% to 33% for each 1o increase of slope steepness. In addition, polynomial and exponential equations were developed to express the relationship between slope steepness and infiltration capacity and also the erosion rate.

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TINGKAT LAJU INFILTRASI TANAH PADA DAS KRUENG MANE KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA

Jurnal Agrium ◽

10.29103/agrium.v15i1.685 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Delima Delima ◽

Halim Akbar ◽

Muhammad Rafli

Keyword(s):

Soil Type ◽

Clay Fraction ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Organic Content ◽

Survey Method ◽

Infiltration Capacity ◽

Pressure Potential ◽

Matrix Potential ◽

Run Off

Infiltration is the inclusion of water into the soil through the soil surface due to differences in matrix potential, gravitational potential and pressure potential Infiltration is an important component in soil conservation. It is because the efforts are fundamental in managing the relationship between rainfall intensity and infiltration capacity, as well as run off. The magnitude of surface flows due to disruption of characteristics and potential land will change the ecosystem which can reduce the function of river basin (DAS). This study aims to measure the infiltration rate in the Krueng Mane watershed in North Aceh District. The method used in this research was survey method where to measure infiltration rate using infiltrometer method. The results revealed that the highest infiltration rate was 8.20 cm / h. It was found in mixed plantation land cover, 0-3% slope and latosol soil type. The lowest infiltration rate was 1.906 cm/h, found in oil palm plantation cover, slope of 3-8% and yellow podzolic soil type (PMK). Soil texture is dominated by clay fraction, porosity value is 43,23-45,56%, moisture content is between 1.01-4,38%, C-organic content is 0,32-2,93%, soil permeability is 0, 28-11.12 cm / hour and bulk density ranged from 1.13 to 1.35 gr / cm³. The result of statistical analysis indicated that the fraction of dust had a positive correlation with the C-organic content (r = 0.851 **). The porosity of the soil is positively correlated with the permeability (r = 0.844 **).

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AVALIAÇÃO DO COMPORTAMENTO HIDROGEOLÓGICO DAS FORMAÇÕES GEOLÓGICAS EM UMA VERTENTE DA SERRA DO GANDARELA: RIO ACIMA, MG

e-xacta ◽

10.18674/exacta.v10i1.1780 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Fernanda Bárbaro Franco ◽

Sidney Portilho ◽

Juliana Batista de Souza

Keyword(s):

Soil Surface ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Infiltration Process ◽

Important Region ◽

Quadrilátero Ferrífero ◽

Water Recharge ◽

Belo Horizonte

A Serra do Gandarela apresenta uma das maiores reservas hídricas do Quadrilátero Ferrífero e seus aquíferos são de extrema importância para as áreas de drenagens das bacias hidrográficas ali presentes. Possui grande grau de conservação, belezas naturais e uma grande biodiversidade. É uma região que abriga várias espécies vegetais endêmicas e a canga, afloramentos ferruginosos, que é um dos sistemas ecológicos mais ameaçado do Brasil. Esse artigo visa trabalhar a relação entre os solos, coberturas de superfície da Serra do Gandarela e o comportamento hidrológico dos mesmos, demonstrando a capacidade de campo, armazenamento de água, e as taxas de infiltração de água de cada ponto amostrado. Dos três pontos selecionados dois apresentaram bons resultados quanto à recarga hídrica. O primeiro ponto por apresentar um sistema lento de infiltração e percolação e o segundo ponto por infiltrar grande quantidade de água. O terceiro ponto apresentou uma taxa de infiltração menor, por possuir a textura da parte cimentante da matriz coluvionar (argilo – arenosa), o que interferiu negativamente no processo de infiltração. Relacionando todos os pontos com os respectivos resultados verifica-se que a Serra do Gandarela é uma região importante para o processo de recarga hídrica da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. ABSTRACTSerra do Gandarela presents one of the biggest hydric stock of the Ferriferous Quadrangle and its aquifers are of utmost importance for draining areas of these existing watersheds.It has a great conservation degree, natural beauties, a great biodiversity. It's a region wich shelters several vegetal endemic species and the « canga », ferruginous outcrops, which is one of the most endangered ecological systems in Brazil. This article aims to work the relationship between the soil surface, covers the Serra do Gandarela and the hydrological behavior of the same, demonstrating the field capacity, water storage,and water infiltration rates of each chozen location. Of the three selected points two showed good results as to water recharge. The first point by presenting a slow infiltration and percolation system and the second point for infiltrating large amount of water. The third point presented a lower infiltration rate by having the texture of the cementitious matrix of the colluvial (clayey - sandy) which negatively interfere with the infiltration process. Listing all the points with the results it appears that the Serra do Gandarela is an important region for the water refilling process of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte.

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Predicting stormflow response of a degraded tropical grassland catchment using a spatially variable infiltration model

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-7031 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhuo Cheng ◽

Jun Zhang ◽

Bofu Yu ◽

L. Adrian Bruijnzeel

Keyword(s):

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Stream Water ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Infiltration Capacity ◽

Maximum Rainfall ◽

Small Catchment ◽

Near Surface ◽

Infiltration Model ◽

Infiltration Rates

Reduced surface infiltration capacity (Ksat), increased infiltration-excess overland flow (IOF) and soil loss after deforestation and subsequent surface degradation in the humid tropics are well-documented. However, attempts to predict concomitant increases in storm runoff using physically-based approaches or to relate infiltration model parameter values calibrated with observed hyetographs and hydrographs at the small catchment scale to point-based measurements of Ksat are rare. We used measured rainfall intensity and stormflow rates at 5-min intervals for 37 separate events (receiving 5&#8211;154 mm of rain) from the 3.2 ha degraded fire-climax grassland Basper catchment (Leyte Island, Philippines) to evaluate the performance of a spatially variable infiltration (SVI) model. SVI relates actual infiltration rates to rainfall intensity and a spatially averaged infiltration parameter Im after an initial infiltration amount F0 and has been used successfully to predict IOF at the plot scale at various tropical locations. Quickflow hydrographs were produced using the Hewlett & Hibbert straight-line separation method and actual infiltration rates were derived by subtracting 5-min quickflow rates from corresponding rainfall inputs. SVI-predicted actual infiltration rates were compared with observed rates to derive optimized values of Im and F0 per event. Earlier work at Basper had revealed very low (near-)surface values of Ksat (implying frequent IOF although there was reason to suspect that Ksat was underestimated). No explicit measurement was made of hillslope IOF, but stable isotope mass balance computations and a high degree of stream-water dilution during times of rain suggested large contributions of &#8216;new&#8217; water of low electrical conductivity that likely represented OF. Whilst SVI generally replicated individual quickflow hydrographs very well, values of Im and F0 varied markedly between events. Using the median values of Im (46 mm h-1) and F0 (6.8 mm) produced reasonable to good results (NSE > 0.6) for a subset of 15 (larger) events only. F0 was positively related to maximum rainfall intensity over 15 or 30 min while Im was not significantly correlated to measured (mid-slope) soil water content or precipitation-based antecedent wetness indicators. However, Im exhibited a significant inverse correlation (Spearman rs=-0.617) with pre-storm baseflow rate Qb (notably for Qb<0.5 mm d-1) suggesting foot-slope wetness status may be important for stormflow generation as well. The spatial distribution of Ksat-values implied by SVI confirmed the suspected under-estimation of field-based Ksat across the measured range, presumably reflecting a combination of macropore smearing (near-surface Amoozemeter measurements) and the limited size of the double-ring infiltrometer used for the measurement of surface infiltration rates.

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Research on Xilamuren Desert-Steppe Rainfall Experiment Segmentation Regular Pattern – Based on Rainfall Simulation Experiment

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.830.403 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 830 ◽

pp. 403-410

Author(s):

Min Zhang ◽

Rui Qiang Zhang ◽

Te Qi ◽

Yun Hu Xie ◽

Cong Cong Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Simulation Experiment ◽

Decisive Role ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Soil Condition ◽

Rainfall Simulation ◽

Vegetation Coverage ◽

Desert Steppe ◽

Infiltration Capacity ◽

Delay Function

The rainfall is the main soil water supply to the soil of desert-steppe. It divides into three parts, evaporation, infiltration and runoff, after falling on to the surface. Those three parts are affected by many factors. Studies of rainfall division in desert-steppe were rare, the proportions of evaporation, infiltration and runoff are uncertain. So Under the condition of different vegetation, we conduct six times rainfall simulation experiment under different rainfall intensity. Simulation shows that rainfall process, the surface coverage and soil condition affect division. The evaporation section of rainfall accounted for 1/2 ~ 2/3. Infiltration section accounted for 30% ~ 50%. Runoff is the smallest. The rainfall intensity plays a decisive role on the runoff. Different vegetation coverage, division proportion is different. The interception and delay function of vegetation main effect evaporation and runoff, it can make the evaporation increased to more than 70%, reduce runoff to a third. Water content of soil profile before rainfall is the main factors affecting infiltration volume. The soil moisture before rain affects the infiltration rate at the beginning of rainfall. If rainfall duration is long enough, infiltration capacity is almost a constant.

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Traffic and residue cover effects on infiltration

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr00017 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 239 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Yuxia Li ◽

J. N. Tullberg ◽

D. M. Freebairn

Keyword(s):

Conservation Tillage ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Farming System ◽

Infiltration Capacity ◽

Plant Available Water ◽

The Impact ◽

Reduced Time ◽

Factor Governing ◽

Controlled Traffic

Wheel traffic can lead to compaction and degradation of soil physical properties. This study, as part of a study of controlled traffic farming, assessed the impact of compaction from wheel traffic on soil that had not been trafficked for 5 years. A tractor of 40 kN rear axle weight was used to apply traffic at varying wheelslip on a clay soil with varying residue cover to simulate effects of traffic typical of grain production operations in the northern Australian grain belt. A rainfall simulator was used to determine infiltration characteristics. Wheel traffic significantly reduced time to ponding, steady infiltration rate, and total infiltration compared with non-wheeled soil, with or without residue cover. Non-wheeled soil had 4—5 times greater steady infiltration rate than wheeled soil, irrespective of residue cover. Wheelslip greater than 10% further reduced steady infiltration rate and total infiltration compared with that measured for self-propulsion wheeling (3% wheelslip) under residue-protected conditions. Where there was no compaction from wheel traffic, residue cover had a greater effect on infiltration capacity, with steady infiltration rate increasing proportionally with residue cover (R 2 = 0.98). Residue cover, however, had much less effect on inf iltration when wheeling was imposed. These results demonstrated that the infiltration rate for the non-wheeled soil under a controlled traffic zero-till system was similar to that of virgin soil. However, when the soil was wheeled by a medium tractor wheel, infiltration rate was reduced to that of long-term cropped soil. These results suggest that wheel traffic, rather than tillage and cropping, might be the major factor governing infiltration. The exclusion of wheel traffic under a controlled traffic farming system, combined with conservation tillage, provides a way to enhance the sustainability of cropping this soil for improved infiltration, increased plant-available water, and reduced runoff-driven soil erosion.

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