Traffic and residue cover effects on infiltration

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxia Li ◽  
J. N. Tullberg ◽  
D. M. Freebairn
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Plant Available Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reduced Time ◽  
Factor Governing ◽  
Controlled Traffic

Wheel traffic can lead to compaction and degradation of soil physical properties. This study, as part of a study of controlled traffic farming, assessed the impact of compaction from wheel traffic on soil that had not been trafficked for 5 years. A tractor of 40 kN rear axle weight was used to apply traffic at varying wheelslip on a clay soil with varying residue cover to simulate effects of traffic typical of grain production operations in the northern Australian grain belt. A rainfall simulator was used to determine infiltration characteristics. Wheel traffic significantly reduced time to ponding, steady infiltration rate, and total infiltration compared with non-wheeled soil, with or without residue cover. Non-wheeled soil had 4—5 times greater steady infiltration rate than wheeled soil, irrespective of residue cover. Wheelslip greater than 10% further reduced steady infiltration rate and total infiltration compared with that measured for self-propulsion wheeling (3% wheelslip) under residue-protected conditions. Where there was no compaction from wheel traffic, residue cover had a greater effect on infiltration capacity, with steady infiltration rate increasing proportionally with residue cover (R 2 = 0.98). Residue cover, however, had much less effect on inf iltration when wheeling was imposed. These results demonstrated that the infiltration rate for the non-wheeled soil under a controlled traffic zero-till system was similar to that of virgin soil. However, when the soil was wheeled by a medium tractor wheel, infiltration rate was reduced to that of long-term cropped soil. These results suggest that wheel traffic, rather than tillage and cropping, might be the major factor governing infiltration. The exclusion of wheel traffic under a controlled traffic farming system, combined with conservation tillage, provides a way to enhance the sustainability of cropping this soil for improved infiltration, increased plant-available water, and reduced runoff-driven soil erosion.

scholarly journals Evaluating three commonly used infiltration methods for permeable surfaces in urban areas using the SWMM and STORM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida E. Å. Parnas ◽  
Elhadi M. H. Abdalla ◽  
Tone M. Muthanna
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer

Abstract Climate change and urbanization increase the pressure on combined sewer systems in urban areas resulting in elevated combined sewer overflows, degraded water quality in receiving waters, and changing stream flows. Permeable surfaces offer infiltration potential, which can contribute to alleviate the runoff to combined sewer systems. The variation in urban soil characteristics and the initial moisture conditions before a rainfall event are important factors affecting the infiltration process and consequently runoff characteristics. In this study, the urban hydrological models SWMM and STORM are used to evaluate the Green-Ampt, Horton, and Holtan infiltration methods for three urban sandy soils. A sensitivity analysis was carried out on a set of key parameter values. In addition, long-term simulations were conducted to evaluate the ability to account for initial soil moisture content. The results showed that the Holtan method's ability to account for both available storage capacity and maximum infiltration rate, as well as evapotranspiration in the regeneration of infiltration capacity, gave the best result with regards to runoff behaviour, especially for long-term simulations. Furthermore, the results from the urban sandy soils with different infiltration rate at saturation, together with a high sensitivity to the degree of sensitivity for maximum infiltration rate under dry conditions and minimum infiltration rate under wet conditions, indicate that field measurements of infiltration rate should be carried out at saturation for these soils.

Increase in maize yield and soil aggregate-associated carbon in North China due to long-term conservation tillage

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ying Shen ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Jichao Cui ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Huifang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefit ◽  
North China ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Summary The North China Plain (NCP) is an important agricultural area, where conventional tillage (CT) is used year-round. However, long-term CT has damaged the soil structure, threatening agricultural sustainability. Since 2002, we have conducted a long-term tillage experiment in the NCP to explore the effects of different types of tillage on soil and crop yield. As part of long-term conservation tillage, we conducted a 2-year study in 2016/2017 to determine the impact of no tillage (NT), subsoiling (SS), rotary tillage (RT) and CT on soil aggregate distribution, aggregate-associated organic carbon (AOC), aggregate-associated microbial biomass carbon (AMBC), and maize yield. Compared to CT, NT increased the content of macro-aggregates (+4.8%), aggregate-AOC (+8.3%), and aggregate-AMBC (+18.3%), but decreased maize yield (−11.5%). SS increased the contents of macro-aggregates (+5%), aggregate-AOC (+14.7%), and aggregate-AMBC (+16%); although the yield increase was not significant (+0.22%), it had the highest economic benefit among the four tillage measures. RT had no significant advantage when considering the above soil variables; moreover, it reduced maize yield by 16.1% compared with CT. Overall, SS is a suitable tillage measure to improve soil macro-aggregate content, carbon content, yield, and economic benefit in the NCP area.

Impact of crop residues on nutrient availability in conservation tillage systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff J. Schoenau ◽  
Constantine A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

Crop residue management is a key consideration when attempting to optimize fertility in conservation tillage systems. Major factors affecting the impact of crop residues on nutrient availability include the chemical composition of the residue [e.g. carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratio], residue placement, fertilizer placement in relation to residue and time. Greater surface accumulation of crop residues in reduced and no-till systems tends to slow decomposition of N-poor residues such as cereal straw, and crop N supply during the current year can be reduced by immobilization if the straw is incorporated close to the time of high crop demand. Similarly, placement of fertilizer directly in the surface straw residue can reduce fertilizer use efficiency due to greater immobilization. Greater immobilization in reduced and no-till systems can enhance the conservation of soil and fertilizer N in the long term, with higher initial N fertilizer requirements decreasing over time because of 1) reduced losses by erosion and 2) the build-up of a larger pool of readily mineralizable organic N. For N-rich residues, such as legumes, volatilization losses may be greater when these residues are left on the surface than when incorporated into soil. Leaching of soluble phosphorus and sulfur compounds from standing and surface-placed crop residues into the mineral soil below may be a significant pathway for recycling of these elements in no-till systems. Greater coverage of the soil surface by crop residues can increase soil moisture and affect soil biological activity related to nutrient turnover. Future research should address how above- and below-ground decomposition processes differ for a wider range of crop residues and nutrients, emphasizing both short and long-term nutrient recycling. Key words: Crop residue, no-till, nutrient availability, nutrient cycling

scholarly journals Influence of the anti-erosion complex on erosion-hydrological indicators and productivity of cultivated crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Igor Podlesnyh ◽  
Tatyana Zarudnaya ◽  
Anastasya Prushchik ◽  
Sergey Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Washing ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Data

An assessment of the impact of the anti-erosion complex on the productivity of cultivated crops has presented on the example of many years of experience in contour-ameliorative agriculture of the Kursk FARC located in the northern part of the Medvensky district of the Kursk region. Two subtypes of chernozem represent the soil of the experiment: typical and leached. As anti-erosion measures, narrow-row stock-regulating poplar forest belts, reinforced by a simple hydraulic structure (ditch and rampart along the lower edge), have designed and planted along the contour at a distance of 216 m. There are no anti-erosion measures in the control catchment. Analysis of long-term data showed a decrease in runoff and the absence of soil washout in the catchment area with a system of narrow-row forest belts 38 years after the experiment has laid in comparison with the control. For the control catchment, a maximum soil washing of 22 t/ha recorded which significantly exceeds the permissible standards of flush. A significant increase in crop productivity averaged 5.2 feed units. The profitability of growing crops in fields with forest belts exceeds the control by almost 50%. The anti-erosion complex performs the task of strengthening the soil-protective role of the farming system.

scholarly journals Long-Term Infiltration Performance Evaluation of Dutch Permeable Pavements Using the Full-Scale Infiltration Method

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floris Boogaard ◽  
Terry Lucke
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Infiltration Method

This research used a newly developed, full-scale infiltration testing (FSIT) procedure to determine the saturated surface infiltration rate of 16 existing permeable pavement installations in the Netherlands that have been in service for a number of years. Newly installed permeable pavements in the Netherlands must demonstrate a minimum infiltration capacity of 194 mm/h (540 L/s/ha). Only four of the 16 pavements tested in this study had an infiltration capacity higher than 194 mm/h. Most previous research has focused on unsaturated infiltration rates. However, the results of this study show that the difference in infiltration capacity between saturated and unsaturated can differ by up to 300%. If the unsaturated infiltration capacity is used as design input for computer models, the infiltration capacity may be significantly overestimated. The study demonstrated that the FSIT method is a reliable and accurate way to measure surface infiltration rates of permeable pavements. However, it is recommended that a minimum of three different FSIT tests should be undertaken at the same pavement location, and that the results should be averaged, to ensure appropriate infiltration rates are observed, recorded, and used in design. The results of this study should help stormwater managers with the planning, testing, and scheduling of maintenance requirements for permeable pavements with more confidence so that they will continue to perform satisfactorily over their intended design life.

Centre de la Manche Institutional Control Period: After the First Safety Review

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Dutzer ◽  
Jean Pierre Vervialle ◽  
Alain Andre´ ◽  
Albert Marchiol
Keyword(s):  
Control Period ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Institutional Control ◽  
Safety Review ◽  
Rainwater Infiltration ◽  
Disposal Facility ◽  
The Impact

Centre de la Manche disposal facility is the first French surface disposal facility dedicated to low and intermediate level short lived radioactive waste. It started up in 1969. After a continuous improvement, in the design of disposal vaults, in operational modes, in the whole process of waste management, in the safety approach, the last packages were received in 1994. 527,000 m3 of waste packages have been disposed during the 25 years of operation. The facility was licensed for the institutional control period in 2003. The disposal vaults are covered with a multilayer capping system that includes a bituminous membrane to provide protection against rainwater infiltration. Water that might infiltrate through the membrane is collected by the bottom slab of the vaults to a pipe network implemented in an underground gallery. Measurements show an overall infiltration rate of about 3 l/m2/year that complies with the objective of Andra of a few liters per square meter and per year. Investigations are performed in order to assess the behavior of the membrane in the long term. For this purpose periodically samples of the bituminous membrane are taken and measurements are performed. As at the beginning of the operational period waste packages were not conditioned in accordance with the specifications that are presently prescribed to waste generators, some settlements can be observed on the ancient part or the facilities. At the end of 2009 some excavation works were performed in an area where a settlement of few tens of centimeters was observed. The integrity of the membrane could be observed and the adequacy of the selection of this option for the watertightness of the capping system was so confirmed. Environmental monitoring includes radiological and chemical measurements for discharge, underground water and surface water. In the particular framework of Centre de la Manche, a contamination of groundwater by tritiated wastes occurred in 1976. Theses wastes were removed in 1977 and 1978 but tritium can still be detected under the facility. However the impact to a hypothetical critical group, using only local water, is presently about 0,4 μSv per year (2009). A safety review of the facility was performed in 2009 by the regulatory body. It was noticed that the behavior of the facility was consistent with predictions. The progressive strategy proposed by Andra to improve the capping system, in particular to achieve long term stability of the slopes, was assessed. The process implemented by Andra to maintain memory of the facility was discussed. In this way the periodical safety reviews are part of the dynamic process through which the monitoring of the facility will become progressively more and more passive.

Impacts of wildfire on soil hydrological properties of steep sagebrush-steppe rangeland

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Pierson ◽  
D.H. Carlson ◽  
K.E. Spaeth
Keyword(s):  
Fire Severity ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Sagebrush Steppe ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Rill Erosion ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Antecedent Soil Moisture ◽  
The Impact

In late August 1996, a wildfire swept across the sagebrush-dominated foothills above Boise, Idaho. Fire impacts on infiltration and inter-rill erosion were examined 1 year following the fire with simulated rainfall. Densely vegetated north-facing slopes were compared with sparsely vegetated south-facing slopes under both burned (moderate and high severity) and unburned conditions. Both fire severity and slope aspect strongly influenced the impact of fire on infiltration capacity and soil erodibility. South-facing slopes had the least infiltration and the greatest rates of erosion following the fire. Infiltration rate was significantly less and cumulative sediment yield was significantly greater on severely burned south slopes as compared with those experiencing only moderate burn severity. Fire severity had little effect on infiltration and erosion of north-facing slopes. Despite differences in final infiltration rates, runoff from plots of all treatment combinations (burned and unburned slopes) began within 2-4 min following the start of simulated rainfall. Post-fire microtopography (surface roughness, dependent on pre-fire plant community) and associated ground cover appear to be important determinants of the potential for increased runoff and interrill erosion under conditions of dry antecedent soil moisture on these steep rangelands.

scholarly journals Penerapan Model Horton Untuk Kuantifikasi Laju Infiltrasi

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Bismi Annisa
Keyword(s):  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Rainwater Runoff ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Absorption Field ◽  
Horton Model

[ID] Kapasitas infiltrasi akan semakin menurun bila bidang resapan air semakin berkurang. Dampaknya limpasan air hujan yang menjadi aliran permukaan akan semakin meningkat. Konsep perencanaan yang memperbesar air hujan meresap ke dalam tanah akan mampu mengurangi aliran permukaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk kuantifikasi laju infiltrasi air hujan dengan menerapkan model Horton. Metode yang dilakukan adalah uji sampel di lapangan terhadap laju infiltrasi pada bidang tanah yang tidak ada lubang resapan dan bidang tanah yang diberi lubang resapan. Dimensi lubang resapan adalah diameter (Ø) 3 inchi, 4 inchi, dan 8 inchi dengan kedalaman 1,1 m menggunakan alat ukur double ring infiltrometer. Metode perhitungan menggunakan rumus infiltrasi Horton. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa lubang resapan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatkan laju infiltrasi air hujan ke dalam tanah, sehingga dapat meningkatkan daya resap air ke tanah. Laju infitrasi model Horton pada lubang resapan Ø 3 inchi, Ø 4 inchi, Ø 8 inchi dan tanpa lubang resapan adalah  f (t) = 0,55+0,45e-14t ; f (t) = 0,4+1,5e-19,5 t ;  f (t) = 2,3+1,8e-46t ; dan f (t) = 0,28+0,72e-10,7t. Nilai laju infiltrasi yang paling besar hingga paling kecil adalah f (0) = 4,1 m/jam (pada Ø 8 inchi); f (0) = 1,9 m/jam (pada Ø 4 inchi); f (0) = 1 m/jam (pada Ø 3 inchi); dan f (0) = 1 m/jam (tanpa lubang resapan). Perbandingan akumulasi waktu laju infiltrasi terhadap lubang resapan Ø 8 inchi adalah 3,8 kali lebih lambat (pada Ø 3 inchi), 3,6 kali lebih lambat (pada Ø 4 inchi), dan 6,63 kali lebih lambat (tanpa lubang resapan). [EN] Infiltration capacity will decrease if the water absorption field decreases. The impact of rainwater runoff which becomes surface runoff will increase. The concept of planning that enlarges rainwater seeps into the ground will be able to reduce surface flow. This study aims to quantify the rate of infiltration of rainwater by applying the Horton model. The method used is a sample test in the field against the infiltration rate in the field of land where there are no infiltration holes and soils are given infiltration holes. The dimensions of infiltration holes are diameter (Ø) 3 inches, 4 inches, and 8 inches with a depth of 1.1 m using a double ring infiltrometer measuring instrument. Calculation method using Horton infiltration formula. It can be concluded that infiltration holes affect the rate of infiltration of rainwater into the soil, so that it can increase the absorption rate of water to the ground. Inflation rate of Horton model in infiltration hole Ø 3 inches, Ø 4 inches, Ø 8 inches and without infiltration hole is f (t) = 0.55 + 0.45e-14t; f (t) = 0.4 + 1.5e-19.5 t; f (t) = 2.3 + 1.8e-46t; and f (t) = 0.28 + 0.72e-10.7t. The value of the largest infiltration rate to the smallest is f (0) = 4.1 m / hour (at Ø 8 inches); f (0) = 1.9 m / hour (at Ø 4 inches); f (0) = 1 m / hour (at Ø 3 inches); and f (0) = 1 m / hour (without infiltration holes). Comparison of accumulated infiltration time to infiltration hole Ø 8 inches is 3.8 times slower (at Ø 3 inches), 3.6 times slower (at Ø 4 inches), and 6.63 times slower (without infiltration holes).

scholarly journals Effect of organic farming on soil microbiological parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Karolina Furtak ◽  
Anna Gałązka
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

<p>All over the world, including Poland, interest in the organic farming is growing. It is based on an attempt to minimize human impact on the environment while maintaining the natural functionality and productivity of the agricultural system. At the same time, every human activity in the natural environment results in greater or lesser changes in the soil ecosystem. Organic farming also has an impact on physical and chemical parameters and soil biological activity. These changes should be monitored and considered in the context of long-term land management. This review focuses on the impact of the organic farming system on soil biological activity and diversity of soil microorganisms.</p>

Effects of 15 years of conservation tillage on soil structure and productivity of wheat cultivation in northern China

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwen Li ◽  
Huanwen Gao ◽  
Hongdan Wu ◽  
Wenying Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Total N ◽  
Dryland Farming

An understanding of long-term tillage and straw management impact on soil structure and productivity is necessary for the further development of conservation tillage practice in dryland farming areas. Data from a 15-year field experiment conducted in Shanxi, on the loess plateau of northern China, were used to compare the long-term effects of no-till and residue cover (NTSC) with conventional tillage (CT) in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) monoculture. Long-term CT and straw removal resulted in poor soil structure and low productivity. Mean soil bulk density in NTSC was 1.5% less than in CT and capillary porosity (<60 μm) 3.2% greater. Water stability of macro-aggregates >2 mm was much greater for NTSC in the 0–0.20 m profile. Soil organic matter and total N and P were 27.9%, 25.6%, and 4.4% greater in NTSC, respectively, and earthworms (19/m2) were found only in the no tillage treatment. Crop yield and water use efficiency tended to be higher under NTSC than under CT, especially in the years of low rainfall, suggesting that the change in soil structure has provided a better environment for crop development. Our 15-year experimental data indicate that NTSC is a more sustainable farming system, which can improve soil structure, and increase productivity with positive environmental impacts in the rainfed dryland farming areas of northern China.

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