scholarly journals Effect of Slope on Infiltration Capacity and Erosion of Mount Merapi Slope Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 (1000) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Pamudji Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Slope Steepness ◽  
Balance Principle ◽  
Exponential Equations ◽  
The Relationship

 Infiltration which occurs on slope has a specific behavior that can be parameterized. One of the reasons is because the slope generates less ponding on the sloping soil surface. This condition affects infiltration rate and surface runoff proportion of water from any kind of rainfall distribution in time. Since surface runoff tends to be higher, erosion rate is also to be higher on slope. The slope steepness is the most important parameter of a slope. In this study, the effect of slope steepness on infiltration capacity and erosion rate of Mount Merapi bare slope material were tested in a laboratory using rainfall simulator. Three values of slope steepness of 36%, 47%, and 58% were used. The rainfall intensity was set constant and was found has rate of 116,312 mm/hour. The infiltration rate was measured by volumetric balance principle and the erosion rates were measured by collecting the eroded grains at the downstream end tank. Infiltration rate was evaluated by using Horton method and the average erosion were analyzed from the eroded grain data for each test. After fitting the recorded infiltration rate data to the Horton equation, the infiltration capacity was obtained. The results were the relationship between slope steepness and the affected the infiltration capacity and erosion for each test. Infiltration capacity is found to increase and the decrease with the increase of slope steepness while erosion rate is found to increase on the steeper slope. The increase of erosion range is between 15% to 33% for each 1o increase of slope steepness. In addition, polynomial and exponential equations were developed to express the relationship between slope steepness and infiltration capacity and also the erosion rate.

scholarly journals The Peranan Pergerakan Air Dalam-Tanah dalam Menurunkan Aliran Permukaan

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-300
Author(s):  
Enni Dwi Wahjunie ◽  
Dwi Putro Tejo Baskoro ◽  
Suria Darma Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Infiltration Capacity

The main cause of flooding and erosion that creates critical land in various regions in Indonesia is surface runoff. The surface runoff will occur if rainfall exceeds the capacity of soil water absorption (infiltration capacity). The soil management of each land use could improve the infiltration capacity. The water movement both on the surface and in the soil determines the water infiltration. This study predicts surface runoff based on the infiltration rate of various land uses and rainfall in the Ciliwung Watershed. A series of studies were performed in the upstream and middle areas of the watershed. Observations of soil properties, water movement, and rainfall were carried out in various dry land uses. The results showed that the soil's physical properties mostly determine the constant infiltration rate, which affected the water movement in the ground. The initial water content, the degree of saturation of the initial moisture content, and the soil's physical properties determine the time of constant infiltration rate. The value of constant rate infiltration and the time of its achievement define the amount of surface runoff that occurs. Keywords: hydraulic conductivity, run off, soil management, time achievement of infiltration capacity

scholarly journals Topography Impacts Hydrology in the Sub-Humid Ethiopian Highlands

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Demesew A. Mhiret ◽  
Minychl G. Dersseh ◽  
Christian D. Guzman ◽  
Dessalegn C. Dagnew ◽  
Wubneh B. Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Watershed Hydrology ◽  
Ethiopian Highlands ◽  
Topographic Position ◽  
Tropical Highlands ◽  
Average Water ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the relationship between topography, hydrological processes, and runoff source areas is essential in engineering design, such as predicting floods and implementing effective watershed management practices. This relationship is not well defined in the highlands with a monsoon climate and needs further study. The objective of this study is to relate topographic position and hydrological response in tropical highlands. The research was conducted in the Debre Mawi watershed in the northwest sub-humid Ethiopian highlands. In the monsoon rain phase of 2017 and 2018, groundwater depth, infiltration rate, and surface runoff were monitored at the upslope, midslope, and downslope positions. Surface runoff rates were measured in farmer fields through distributed V-notch weirs as estimates of positional runoff. Average water table depths were 30 cm deep in the downslope regions and 95 cm in the upslope position. The water table depth affected the steady-state infiltration rate in the rain phase. It was high upslope (350 mm h−1), low midslope (49 mm h−1), and zero downslope. In 2017, the average runoff coefficients were 0.29 for the upslope and midslope and 0.73 downslope. Thus, topographic position affects all aspects of the watershed hydrology in the humid highlands and is critical in determining runoff response.

scholarly journals TINGKAT LAJU INFILTRASI TANAH PADA DAS KRUENG MANE KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA

Jurnal Agrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Delima Delima ◽  
Halim Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Rafli
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Matrix Potential ◽  
Run Off

Infiltration is the inclusion of water into the soil through the soil surface due to differences in matrix potential, gravitational potential and pressure potential Infiltration is an important component in soil conservation.  It is because the efforts are fundamental in managing the relationship between rainfall intensity and infiltration capacity, as well as run off. The magnitude of surface flows due to disruption of characteristics and potential land will change the ecosystem which can reduce the function of river basin (DAS). This study aims to measure the infiltration rate in the Krueng Mane watershed in North Aceh District. The method used in this research was survey method where to measure infiltration rate using infiltrometer method. The results revealed that the highest infiltration rate was 8.20 cm / h. It  was found in mixed plantation land cover, 0-3% slope and latosol soil type. The lowest infiltration rate was 1.906 cm/h, found in oil palm plantation cover, slope of 3-8% and yellow podzolic soil type (PMK). Soil texture is dominated by clay fraction, porosity value is 43,23-45,56%, moisture content is between 1.01-4,38%, C-organic content is 0,32-2,93%, soil permeability is 0, 28-11.12 cm / hour and bulk density ranged from 1.13 to 1.35 gr / cm³. The result of statistical analysis indicated that the fraction of dust had a positive correlation with the C-organic content (r = 0.851 **). The porosity of the soil is positively correlated with the permeability (r = 0.844 **).

Tingkat Erosi pada Plot Model Arsitektur Pohon Attims (Eucalyptus deglupta), Corner (Arenga pinnata), dan Rauh (Arthocarpus teysmanii)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Naharuddin Naharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Tree Architecture ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Erosion Level ◽  
Architectural Models

Tree architecture models and the composition of vegetation types affected surface runoff and erosion rates due to vegetation density and various other morphological and ecological characteristic components. This research purpose was to measure and compare the level of erosion in 3 tree architectural models. The research used the  path plots method.  The sample pathway was made by cut off contour lines. To measure the erosion rate that occured at the tree architecture model, erosion measuring plots were used in three tree architecture models, namely Attims (Eucalyptus deglupta), Corner (Arenga pinnata), and Rauh (Arthocarpus teysmanii). The results showed that the dominant tree architecture model was the Rauh, Attims, and Corner models. The erosion level which occurred in the three tree architectural models showed that the Attims Eucalyptus deglupta model and Corner Arenga pinnata models were more effective in controlling erosion by 233.55 g/ha/year and 293.10 g/ha/year with rainfall of 493.55 mm compared to Rauh Arthocarpus teysmanii type. The correlation analysis  between rainfall and the erosion rate at the three tree architecture models were 80% (very strong) for Attims model, 89% (very strong) for Corner model and 90% (very strong) for Rauh model. To control the erosion the Attims and Corner models are highly recommended as alternatives for rehabilitating the critical land.

scholarly journals Coffee husk mulch on soil erosion and runoff: experiences under rainfall simulation experiment

Solid Earth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 851-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Moreno-Ramón ◽  
S. J. Quizembe ◽  
S. Ibáñez-Asensio
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. The high erosion rates found in the agriculture land make valuable the use of mulches to control the soil and water losses. Coffee husk (Coffea canephora var. robusta) can be one of those mulches. This paper evaluates how to apply the mulch in order to obtain the best effectiveness. An experimental factorial design 4 × 3 × 2 with two replicates was designed in a greenhouse with a total number of 48 cases. All the samples were deposited in trays of 0.51 m2 and applied a simulated rain of 122 mm h−1 during 21 min. The factors examined were the following: four soil classes; three treatments – buried (B), surface (S) and non-residue (C) – and the presence (WC) or absence (WOC) of the soil surface crusting. The coffee husk residue (S and B treatments) reduced runoff by 10.2 and 46% respectively, soil losses by 78.3 and 88.7% and sediment concentration by 77 and 84.4%. The infiltration rate increased on average by 104 and 167%, and time to runoff by 1.58 and 2.07 min respectively. Coffee husk is an efficient mulch to reduce the soil and water losses, although it could not completely cushion the influence of crust.

scholarly journals Effect of Vegetation Diversity on Erosion Rate

AGRIFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Sri Sarminah ◽  
Farha Shera Prititania ◽  
Karyati .
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Schima Wallichii ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Danger Level

The climate in Indonesia is a tropical climate with high rainfall, making Indonesia vulnerable to erosion. In addition to high rainfall, vegetation, slope and soil types also affect erosion. This study aims to determine the Important Value of Species (NPJ), the relationship between rainfall and surface runoff and the mass of eroded soil and the level of erosion hazard at different vegetation densities. Important Value The highest types of the three dominating types in plot I were Schima wallichii 115.12%, Macaranga gigantea 69.38% and Cratoxylum sumatranum 44.69%. Whereas in plot II the highest NPJ value of three types dominates, namely Macaranga gigantea 59.13%, Litsea angulata 39.52% and Aquilaria mallacensis 35.37%. The amount of eroded soil mass that occurred in PUE I was 0.13 tons / ha / year and PUE II was 0.19 tons / ha / year. Simple linear analysis of the relationship between rainfall and eroded soil mass at PUE I has a correlation value (r) = 0.79 with the equation Y = -8.34 + 0.39X, whereas in PUE II the correlation value (r) = 0.90 with the equation Y = -12.96 + 0.56X. The danger level of erosion (TBE) in PUE I and PUE II was very mild (erosion rate <15 tons / ha / year, Bahya Erosion I class with soil solum depth> 90 cm).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Infiltration Improvement and Surface Reduction Using Various Soil Conservation Techniques in Coffee Agroforestry Systems in Sumbermanjing Wetan

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Dina Ananda Harfia ◽  
Sugeng Prijono
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Coffee Agroforestry ◽  
Land Farming

The uneven distribution and intensity of rain cause a shortage and excess of water in dry land farming. It appears that the problem of soil conservation in principle is the regulation of the relationship between rainfall intensity, infiltration capacity, and runoff adjustment. To improve the physical properties of the soil, and the hydrological function of the land use it cannot only be stressed on the coffee plant. Other factors such as soil surface management, such as providing organic matter, covering the soil surface with understory plants, making absorption holes, terraces, waterways and so on, can improve the hydrological function of the land. Rainwater management can be carried out through controlling surface runoff, harvesting rainwater, increasing soil infiltration capacity, managing soil, controlling evaporation and seepage, lining waterways. The use of silt pit parallel is considered quite effective because it is able to produce the lowest surface runoff and sufficient water storage. Silt pit parallel can produce 0.6% of rainfall into surface runoff and also can store water as much as 62.35% of the rainfall that enters the plot. The functions of a silt pit are to increase water infiltration into the soil. On dry land, silt pit functions as a place for harvesting rainwater and surface runoff. Based on the correlation regression test, the amount of surface runoff is closely influenced by the intensity of rain or rainfall.

scholarly journals Tillage in relation to rainfall intensity and infiltration capacity of soils.

1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
R.H.A. Van Duin
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Percolation Rate

Starting from Darcy's law, the rate of infiltration of water into homogeneous and layered soils is given. At field capacity the rate of infiltration approaches that of percolation. The influence of an upper layer of high permeability on infiltration rate of the subsoil is small; loosening the surface layer increases infiltration capacity until it is saturated and further infiltration is limited by the percolation rate of the subsoil at field capacity. Stagnation of water at the soil surface during periods of high rainfall intensity may be prevented by cultivation. A graph shows maximum rainfall surplus to be dependent on percolation rate. Cultivating soil in view of infiltration capacity is not important if the percolation rate of the subsoil is >1.5 cm/hr, since corresponding high rainfall intensities occur in summer when soil is not bare and potential evapo-transpiration is high. With low percolation rate and a potential storage capacity of the upper layer X'p = 0.25, a depth of 11-22 cm of the upper layer is sufficient to store the maximum surplus rain in Holland even during extreme wet periods. The total storage capacity of subsoil is only limiting with small depths or very low values of potential storage capacity. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Rain Effect Frequency of Infiltration Rate and Infiltration Capacity in Common Soil: Laboratory Test with Rainfall Simulator

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Nasruddin ◽  
Aso
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Rainfall Simulator ◽  
Rainfall Frequency ◽  
Rain Effect

Analyzing the Influence of Rain Frequency Infiltration Rate and Infiltration Capacity in Common Soil Type (Laboratory Testing Study With Rainfall Simulator). Infiltration is the flow of water into the ground through the soil surface. This process is a very important part of the hydrological cycle and in the process of transferring rain into the flow of water in the soil before reaching the river. Infiltration (infiltration rate and capacity) is influenced by various variables, including soil type, slope inclination, density and type of vegetation, soil moisture content, and rainfall intensity. This study aims to determine the effect of rainfall frequency on the infiltration rate and infiltration capacity on common soil types. This research is a type of laboratory experimental research, using rainfall simulator tool. The soil used in this study is common soil type. Furthermore, artificial rain was provided with intensity I5, I15, and I25 and performed infiltration rate reading on the Drain Rainfall Simulator. The rate and capacity of infiltration in common soils increase proportionally to the increased intensity of rainfall, the higher the intensity of rainfall the higher the infiltration occurring at the same level of rain frequency. The rate and capacity of infiltration in common soils decrease proportionally to the increasing frequency of rain, the more the frequency of rain the smaller the infiltration occurring at the same level of rainfall intensity

scholarly journals Interação Solo-Atmosfera e Processos de Inundação e Alagamento na Cidade de Goiânia-GO

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1891
Author(s):  
Gislaine Cristine Luiz ◽  
Patrícia De Araújo Romão
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Atmosphere Interaction ◽  
The City

Os processos do ciclo hidrológico respondem diretamente às modificações no uso do solo. A cidade de Goiânia tem apresentado aumento de inundações e de alagamentos, ao mesmo tempo em que o padrão das chuvas demostra diminuição dos dias com eventos pluviométricos e aumento da intensidade desses episódios. A pesquisa que ora se apresenta analisa as áreas sujeitas à inundação e alagamentos, correlacionando-as com o padrão dos episódios pluviais na cidade e às condições de infiltração do solo. Foram utilizados dados secundários obtidos junto ao 10º DISME/INMET, relativos à precipitação e, também informações de ocorrência de alagamentos e inundações concedidas pela Defesa Civil. As informações primárias consistiram na obtenção da duração e intensidade da chuva em cinco diferentes localidades da cidade; uso e ocupação do solo e; testes da capacidade de infiltração do solo de superfície, em 10 áreas distintas. Os episódios pluviais apresentaram em 24h intensidades entre 8,3 mm e 99,1 mm; intensidades em 10 minutos de 10,9 mm, 13,9 mm e 19,6 mm durante o período noturno e na madrugada; destaque para as intensidades entre 31,6 mm.h-1 e 76,6 mm.h-1, principalmente nas porções sul, norte e leste da cidade, também no período noturno. A capacidade de infiltração mensurada variou entre 0,012 mm/h e 373,25 mm/h, conforme uso e ocupação do solo.  As intensidades observadas superaram capacidade de infiltração, aumentando o escoamento superficial das águas pluviais por causa do alto índice de impermeabilização. Tal fato, associado a condições naturais de baixas declividades e extensos comprimento das rampas, de grande parte de Goiânia, tem favorecido o aumento da velocidade do escoamento superficial e a ocorrência de alagamentos e inundações. Soil-Atmosphere Interaction and Flooding Processes in Goiania-GO City A B S T R A C TThe processes of the hydrological cycle respond directly to changes in land use. The city of Goiânia presented an increase of flooding processes, while the pattern of rains shows a decrease of the days with pluviometric events and increase of the intensity of these episodes. The research presented here analyzes the areas subject to floods and overflow, correlating them with the pluviometric pattern in the city and soil infiltration capacity. Secondary data obtained from the 10ºDISME/INMET on precipitation were used, as well as information on the occurrence of flooding processes granted by the Civil Defense. The primary information consisted in obtaining the duration and the intensity of the rain in five different localities of the city; use and occupation; and water infiltration measures at the soil surface in 10 different areas. The precipitation episodes presented intensities of 24 hours between 8.3 mm and 99.1 mm; intensities in 10 minutes of 10.9 mm, 13.9 mm and 19.6 mm during the night period and dawn; The intensities between 31.6 mm.h-1 and 76.6 mm.h-1 are prominent, mainly in the south, north and east of the city. The measured infiltration capacity varied from 0.012 mm /h to 373.25 mm /h, depending on the use and occupation of the soil. The observed intensities exceed the capacity, increasing the surface runoff of the rainwater due to the high waterproofing index; the low slopes and the long length of the ramps. This fact favored the increase of the velocity of the upstream and downstream surface runoff, potentiating the occurrence of flooding processes.Keywords: Climatology, Precipitation, Flood, Natural Disasters, Social Security.

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