Influence of a single non-destructive harvest on potato plantlets grown for minituber production.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J.M. Lommen ◽  
P.C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Tuber Production ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Potato Plantlets

In vitro-propagated potato cv. Ostara and Bintje plantlets were transplanted in a greenhouse at 350 plants/msuperscript 2 under tuber-inducing conditions. Plants growing undisturbed were compared with plants from which tubers >=0.3 g were removed in a single non-destructive harvest 3-8 weeks after transplanting. In undisturbed plants tuber initiation slowed down 4 weeks after transplanting, and an average of 2 tubers/plant (average weight 5 g) were harvested in 11 weeks. After a non-destructive harvest new stolons and tubers were initiated, but overall and tuber growth rates were reduced, probably as a result of the combined effects of tuber removal, root damage and deep replanting. Highest tuber numbers and lowest growth rate reductions occurred when growth was at its maximum. The highest number of tubers/plant (3.44) was achieved with non-destructive harvesting 6 weeks after transplanting, but FW/tuber decreased with delay in harvesting from 1.97 to 0.77 g. Using this non-destructive harvesting procedure >1400 and 2400 minitubers >=0.3 g (average weight 1-2 g) could be produced per msuperscript 2 within 8 and 9 weeks of transplanting by Ostara and Bintje, respectively, and would be suitable for use in large-scale seed tuber production programmes. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Evaluation of Micro Tuberization Performances of Different Genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Ayten Kübra Türkmen ◽  
Caner Yavuz ◽  
Sarbesh Das Dangol ◽  
Cehibe Tarım ◽  
Ufuk Demirel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Genotype Effect ◽  
Tuber Production

Certified potato seed tuber usage is one of the most important steps for production of high yield and quality potatoes. For this reason different seed tuber production methods have been developed. Among these methods, mini tuber production is the most popular one. In order to produce mini tubers, firstly potato plants are produced in vitro, and these plants are transferred to an environmentally-controlled greenhouse. Thus, disease- and virus-free mini tubers are produced as seed tubers. However, in vitro section of mini tuber production creates problems like storage and transfer of in vitro plants, and adaptation period of the plants to greenhouse conditions. In vitro micro tuber (MT) formation has been selected as a solution of these problems. The aim of the study was to produce micro tubers from 15 different genotypes and evaluate their micro tuberization performances to determine the genotype effect on MT formation. 3 varieties, 3 breeding lines and 9 different genotypes from International Potato Center (CIP) were selected for the study. For this purpose, micro tubers are produced in vitro by using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 8% sucrose and 0.1 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ). All experiments were conducted under dark conditions and 22/16 °C (8/16 h) temperature cycle. The micro tuberization performances were evaluated according to MT number per plant, MT formation rate (%), MT weight per plant (g), mean MT weight (g), mean MT diameter (mm). Differences between micro tuber production performances of different genotypes were determined and CIP395017.229 was identified as the most promising genotype to produce micro tubers.

Impact of Climate Change on Potato Production in India

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
M. K. Jatav ◽  
V. K. Dua ◽  
P. M. Govindakrishnan ◽  
R. P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Regional Vulnerability ◽  
Tuber Production

Potato is a temperate crop and higher day temperatures cause some areas to less suitable for potato production due to lower tuber yields and its quality. Tuber growth and yield can be severely reduced by temperature fluctuations outside 5-30 °C. The rate of warming in last 50 years is double than that for the last century. Increase in temperature and atmospheric CO2 are interlinked occurring simultaneously under future climate change and global warming scenarios. If CO2 is elevated to 550 ppm the temperature rise is likely to be 3 ºC with decline in potato production by 13.72% in the year 2050. The changing climate will affect the potato production adversely due to drought, salinity, frost, flooding, erratic unseasonal rains etc. It may reduce seed tuber production, impact storage facility and potato processing industries. Therefore, the quantification of regional vulnerability and impact assessment is very important for the development of early warning on disease forecasting systems, breeding of short duration and heat, drought, salinity tolerant and disease resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Regulators and Yields of Seed Potatoes

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 853F-853
Author(s):  
Manjula S. Bandara ◽  
Karen K. Tanino ◽  
Doug R. Waterer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Tuber Production ◽  
Cut Seed

Seed potato growers seek to maximize yields of desirable sized tubers. This study examined how foliar applications of plant growth regulators influence yields of drop or single-cut seed tubers under field conditions. In 1993, paclobutrazol (PTZ; 300, 450, and 600 mg·liter–1), kinetin (KIN; 10 and 20 mg·liter–1), and methyl jasmonate (MJ; 10–7, 10–6, 10–5, and 10–4 M) were applied to `Norland' (NOR) and `Russet Burbank' (RB) potatoes. In 1994, PTZ (300 mg·liter–1), KIN (both rates), and MJ (10–7 and 10–6 M) treatments were eliminated, and GA3 at 250 mg·liter–1 or KIN at 20 mg·liter–1 was applied to some of PTZ treatments. In 1994, the cultivar Shepody (SH) also was included. Plants were treated at two growth stages; NOR (1993), RB (1993 and 1994), and SH (1994) were treated when tubers were <10 mm or <20 mm in diameter. NOR (1994) was treated at stolon initiation (no tubers) or early tuber initiation (<8 mm in diameter). PTZ had no effect on seed tuber (25–50 mm in diameter) yield in NOR in either season. PTZ increased seed tuber number (STN) in RB by 29% to 40% and in SH by 57% to 70% over the controls. KIN had no effect on STN in any cultivar. MJ had no effect on STN in NOR (1993) or in RB in either season or in SH in 1994. In 1994, the highest rate of MJ (10–4 M) increased STN in NOR by 40% over the controls. GA3 had no beneficial effect on STN when applied after PTZ. This study suggests that, under field conditions, PTZ can increase seed tuber production in RB and SH while MJ was effective in NOR potatoes.

Thermal time as a non-destructive method of estimating tuber initiation in potatoes

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Jefferies ◽  
D. K. L. Mackerron
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Non Destructive

Water stress during the period when tubers are initiated may reduce the final number of tubers (MacKerron & Jefferies, 1986) and increase the incidence of common scab (Streptomyces scabies) in susceptible cultivars (Lapwood & Hering, 1970). It is important, therefore, for the maintenance of a large number of tubers and for the limitation of scab, to be able to estimate the time of tuber initiation. Tuber initiation has been defined differently by a number of workers (e.g. Sale, 1979; Sands, Hackett & Nix, 1979; O'Brien et al. 1983; MacKerron & Jefferies, 1986) based on either the number or proportion of stolon apices that have reached a certain size (usually twice the diameter of their stolons). These are definitions of tuber growth rather than development and require destructive sampling at frequent intervals for recognition of the event. Temperature has a major influence on the rates at which plant organs develop so that the time taken to reach a given developmental stage may be related to thermal time, defined as the time-integral of temperature (Jones, 1983). In potato the physiological age of tubers (Wurr, 1978; Allen et al. 1979; O'Brien et al. 1983), sprout development and extension (MacKerron, 1984), and the initiation of leaf primordia (Kirk, Davies & Marshall, 1985) have been related to thermal time. In a model of the development and bulking of potatoes Sands et al. (1979) used a single non-linear function to describe the effects of time and temperature on several development processes including tuber initiation. That function did not adequately describe the time taken to tuber initiation and Sands et al. (1979) did not then use tuber initiation as an important stage in their model.

EFFECTS OF CULTURE DENSITY ON GROWTH AND IN VITRO TUBERIZATION CAPACITY OF POTATO PLANTLETS

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
K. Tábori ◽  
A. Ferenczy ◽  
J. Dobránszki
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
In Vitro Tuberization ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Potato Plantlets

In vitro plantlets of four varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were grown at different plant densities to study their effects on growth and microtuber yield. The responses of the cultivars to plant density, as expressed by changes in development characteristics, especially stem length and leaf area, were different. The time of tuber initiation was earlier at higher plantlet densities for all cultivars. The microtuber number per plantlet was not affected by the plantlet density. The highest number of well-sized (≯4 mm) microtubers per jar could be harvested from the higher plantlet densities (30–40 plantlets per jar). In addition to good yield, the microtubers were uniform in these treatments, so they appear to be economical.

Impact of Climate Change on Potato Production in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1482-1495
Author(s):  
M. K. Jatav ◽  
V. K. Dua ◽  
P. M. Govindakrishnan ◽  
R. P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Regional Vulnerability ◽  
Tuber Production

Potato is a temperate crop and higher day temperatures cause some areas to less suitable for potato production due to lower tuber yields and its quality. Tuber growth and yield can be severely reduced by temperature fluctuations outside 5-30 °C. The rate of warming in last 50 years is double than that for the last century. Increase in temperature and atmospheric CO2 are interlinked occurring simultaneously under future climate change and global warming scenarios. If CO2 is elevated to 550 ppm the temperature rise is likely to be 3 ºC with decline in potato production by 13.72% in the year 2050. The changing climate will affect the potato production adversely due to drought, salinity, frost, flooding, erratic unseasonal rains etc. It may reduce seed tuber production, impact storage facility and potato processing industries. Therefore, the quantification of regional vulnerability and impact assessment is very important for the development of early warning on disease forecasting systems, breeding of short duration and heat, drought, salinity tolerant and disease resistant cultivars.

Purification of the Antihemophilic Factor by Gel Filtration on Agarose

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M.P Paulssen ◽  
A.C.M.G.B Wouterlood ◽  
H.L.M.A Scheffers
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Large Scale Preparation ◽  
Scale Preparation ◽  
Antihemophilic Factor

SummaryFactor VIII can be isolated from plasma proteins, including fibrinogen by chromatography on agarose. The best results were obtained with Sepharose 6B. Large scale preparation is also possible when cryoprecipitate is separated by chromatography. In most fractions containing factor VIII a turbidity is observed which may be due to the presence of chylomicrons.The purified factor VIII was active in vivo as well as in vitro.

Failure Analysis of Flip-Chip Interconnections Through Acoustic Microscopy

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Diaz de Leon ◽  
M. Nassirian ◽  
C. Todd ◽  
R. Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Acoustic Microscope ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Ball Joints ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscope

Abstract Integration of circuits on semiconductor devices with resulting increase in pin counts is driving the need for improvements in packaging for functionality and reliability. One solution to this demand is the Flip- Chip concept in Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) applications [1]. The flip-chip technology is based on the direct attach principle of die to substrate interconnection.. The absence of bondwires clearly enables packages to become more slim and compact, and also provides higher pin counts and higher-speeds [2]. However, due to its construction, with inherent hidden structures the Flip-Chip technology presents a challenge for non-destructive Failure Analysis (F/A). The scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) has recently emerged as a valuable evaluation tool for this purpose [3]. C-mode scanning acoustic microscope (C-SAM), has the ability to demonstrate non-destructive package analysis while imaging the internal features of this package. Ultrasonic waves are very sensitive, particularly when they encounter density variations at surfaces, e.g. variations such as voids or delaminations similar to air gaps. These two anomalies are common to flip-chips. The primary issue with this package technology is the non-uniformity of the die attach through solder ball joints and epoxy underfill. The ball joints also present defects as open contacts, voids or cracks. In our acoustic microscopy study packages with known defects are considered. It includes C-SCAN analysis giving top views at a particular package interface and a B-SCAN analysis that provides cross-sectional views at a desired point of interest. The cross-section analysis capability gives confidence to the failure analyst in obtaining information from a failing area without physically sectioning the sample and destroying its electrical integrity. Our results presented here prove that appropriate selection of acoustic scanning modes and frequency parameters leads to good reliable correlation between the physical defects in the devices and the information given by the acoustic microscope.

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