scholarly journals Effects of DCD addition to slurry on nitrate leaching in sandy soils

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Corre ◽  
K.B. Zwart
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

The effects of the addition of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) to cattle slurry, applied in autumn to an arable sandy soil, were investigated in a three-year field experiment in the Netherlands. Treatments included application of slurry with DCD in November and December, application of slurry without DCD in November, December and January, and an untreated (slurry or DCD) control. Degradation of DCD, changes in mineral nitrogen in the soil, and leaching of nitrate and DCD were measured. Degradation of DCD in the topsoil was complete in May after application in the autumn before. However, at a depth of 90 cm, DCD was found three months after application. DCD remained present in leachate sampled at this depth for more than one year after application. Most probably it was then leached to the groundwater. Application of DCD considerably delayed nitrification. It had a large effect on the vertical distribution of mineral nitrogen in spring; more mineral nitrogen was found in the 0-40 cm soil layer and less in the 40-100 cm soil layer. However, neither time of application of the slurry nor addition of DCD had a significant effect on nitrate leaching.

scholarly journals Field experiments with slurry and dicyandiamide: response of potatoes and effects on soil mineral nitrogen

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
W.P. Wadman ◽  
J.J. Neeteson ◽  
G.J. Wijnen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen

In the period of 1983-1985, 18 field experiments with potatoes grown for industrial starch production were set up in the Netherlands to investigate the effects of poultry-slurry application on tuber yield and on soil mineral nitrogen. Slurry was applied in autumn with and without the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) and in spring without DCD. Control treatments without slurry or DCD were included. Various nitrogen fertilizer rates were applied to all slurry treatments. In autumn, following slurry application without DCD, slurry-derived nitrate moved to the 0.3-0.6 and 0.6-1 m soil layers. Following DCD-application, most of the slurry-derived nitrate remained in the 0-0.3 m soil layer. Maximum yields as estimated from a nitrogen fertilizer response function were slightly increased by the slurry application. Nitrogen supplied from the slurry decreased the amount of fertilizer nitrogen needed for maximum yield. Increasing the amounts of soil mineral nitrogen in June from slurry or applied inorganic nitrogen fertilizer increased residual soil mineral nitrogen at harvest.

scholarly journals Distribution of Mineral Nitrogen in Soil in Relation to Risk of Nitrate Leaching in Farms with Irrigated Vegetables and Early Potatoes

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Jan Haberle ◽  
Pavel Svoboda ◽  
Tomáš Šimon ◽  
Gabriela Kurešová ◽  
Barbora Henzlová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Water Percolation ◽  
Residual Nitrate

Abstract Vegetable production may be the source of excessive residual nitrate that is prone to leaching to waters. To ascertain the risk of nitrate leaching in water collection area, the content of soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin = N-NO3− + N-NH4+) down to 120 cm depth was monitored in the years 2013–2016 on vegetable farms along lower Jizera river (in the Czech Republic). The risk of nitrate leaching below 30, 60, 90 and 120 cm during winter period was simulated with a simple model. The depths represent the limits of effective root depth and N depletion of groups of vegetables and field crops. The average autumn mineral nitrogen content in the fields, during experimental years, ranged from 101 kg to 134 kg N·ha−1 in the 0–120 cm soil layer, 85 to 92% of which was in the form of nitrate. The calculated leaching of nitrate from the topsoil (0–30 cm) and shallow subsoil (0–60 cm) ranged from 27 to 41%, and from 7 to 14% of autumn content, respectively. The risk of leaching below 60 cm and 90 cm was near to none during the experimental years due to the exceptionally low precipitation. High nitrate content in subsoil layers below 60 cm constitutes risk of leaching and water pollution due to shallow root systems of many vegetables and potatoes in seasons with normal weather and higher water percolation.

Effect of Reclamation on the Vertical Distribution of SOC in Three Types of Wetland Soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1386-1391
Author(s):  
Li Li Huo ◽  
Xian Guo Lv ◽  
Da Song Lin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Wetland Soils ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soc Density ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

To investigate how reclamation of wetlands in three different soil types impacts the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) content in soil profiles, contents and density of soil organic carbon (SOC) in soil profiles of three types of wetland soils in wetland, soybean and paddy field in Sanjiang Plain were determined. Both soybean and paddy field were reclaimed from wetland. We observed that reclamation significantly reduced SOC content in 0-10,10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers in meadow albic soil and meadow marsh soil, and 0-10,10-20,20-30 and 30-40 cm soil layers in peat bog soil, there were no significant difference in SOC contents in soil layers under 0-30 or 0-40 cm before and after reclamation. After reclamation, SOC density in three types of wetland soils decreased, and SOC density in soybean field were higher than that in paddy field. Either in wetlands or farm lands in the three types of wetland soils, most of the SOC storage in 0-100 cm soil layer was stored in 0-50 cm soil layer. Though wetland reclamation reduced the SOC content, it hasn’t changed the regularity of SOC vertical distribution. The relationships between SOC content and soil depth in wetlands and farm lands all could be described by exponential functions in three types of soils. The specific functions are useful to estimate and predict the regional SOC pool by models.

Effects of the vertical distribution of a root-feeding insect (Anomala cuprea) on the yield, mortality, and size structure of Lolium perenne populations at different plant densities

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Tsunoda ◽  
Naoki Kachi ◽  
Jun-Ichirou Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Anomala Cuprea ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

The vertical distribution of belowground herbivores plays an important role in determining the performance of an individual plant, but we still do not know the effects of this distribution on plant populations. A grass (Lolium perenne L.) was, therefore, grown at two densities with three vertical distributions of the belowground herbivore Anomala cuprea Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The population yield decreased significantly in the treatments with a herbivore, and decreased most when the herbivore was in the top feeding zone (i.e., the shallowest soil). Plants only died when the herbivore was in the top zone or was free to move within the pot. At low plant density, the biomass of the three largest shoots decreased significantly in the presence of a herbivore, but that of shoots in the fourth and smaller ranks did not. At high plant density, shoot biomass was not significantly affected by herbivory, irrespective of plant size. The standard deviation of shoot size was larger at low densities than at high densities. At low, but not high plant densities, the standard deviation decreased when herbivory occurred in the shallowest soil layer. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that the vertical distribution of a belowground herbivore can markedly affect the size dynamics of a plant population.

scholarly journals Observed vertical distribution of tropospheric carbon monoxide during 2012 over Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-195
Author(s):  
Ibtihaj Abdulfattah ◽  
Ali Al-Salihi ◽  
Hwee Lim ◽  
Jasim Rajab ◽  
Aha Suliman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ◽  
Aqua Satellite ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Correlation Coeffi

The atmospheric parameters observations enable to made continental and global scales by remote sensing devices existent in space. One of these instruments is the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) onboard Aqua satellite. We characterize the vertical distribution of troposphere carbon monoxide (CO) measured by AIRS over IRAQ. This study presents one year data. Results shown standard deviation of monthly troposphere CO for five locations: Baghdad, Basrah, Maysan, Al Fakka, and Mosul, from January to December 2012, was 107.15 ±18.75 ppbv for entire period depend on whether circumstance and topography. The seasonal differences undulate between winter and summer seasons, with higher values CO in the winter than in the summer and autumn seasons. In addition, the rising in troposphere CO values can be measured during year over the manufacturing and crowded urbanized zones. AIRS observations reveal enhanced abundances of CO, with values that can exceed 120 ppbv at approximately 4 km altitude over Baghdad and Mosul. The lower CO amounts observed of approximately 88–90 ppbv at 253 mb (altitude 11 km) during October. Comparisons over Baghdad station in 2012 showed close agreement between the ground CO data and the observed CO from AIRS, and regression result showed high correlation coeffi cient (R = 0.962). The vertical CO observation by AIRS is providing meaningful information for different altitude layers closer to the troposphere, and the satellite measurements are able to measure the increase of the atmosphere CO concentrations over varied regions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document