scholarly journals Distribution of Mineral Nitrogen in Soil in Relation to Risk of Nitrate Leaching in Farms with Irrigated Vegetables and Early Potatoes

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Jan Haberle ◽  
Pavel Svoboda ◽  
Tomáš Šimon ◽  
Gabriela Kurešová ◽  
Barbora Henzlová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Water Percolation ◽  
Residual Nitrate

Abstract Vegetable production may be the source of excessive residual nitrate that is prone to leaching to waters. To ascertain the risk of nitrate leaching in water collection area, the content of soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin = N-NO3− + N-NH4+) down to 120 cm depth was monitored in the years 2013–2016 on vegetable farms along lower Jizera river (in the Czech Republic). The risk of nitrate leaching below 30, 60, 90 and 120 cm during winter period was simulated with a simple model. The depths represent the limits of effective root depth and N depletion of groups of vegetables and field crops. The average autumn mineral nitrogen content in the fields, during experimental years, ranged from 101 kg to 134 kg N·ha−1 in the 0–120 cm soil layer, 85 to 92% of which was in the form of nitrate. The calculated leaching of nitrate from the topsoil (0–30 cm) and shallow subsoil (0–60 cm) ranged from 27 to 41%, and from 7 to 14% of autumn content, respectively. The risk of leaching below 60 cm and 90 cm was near to none during the experimental years due to the exceptionally low precipitation. High nitrate content in subsoil layers below 60 cm constitutes risk of leaching and water pollution due to shallow root systems of many vegetables and potatoes in seasons with normal weather and higher water percolation.

Soil mineral nitrogen and nitrate leaching losses in soil tillage systems combined with a catch crop

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stenberg ◽  
Helena Aronsson ◽  
Börje Lindén ◽  
Tomas Rydberg ◽  
Arne Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Catch Crop ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Leaching Losses

The effect of grassland renovation on soil mineral nitrogen and on nitrate leaching during winter

2009 ◽  
Vol 172 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Seidel ◽  
Manfred Kayser ◽  
Jürgen Müller ◽  
Johannes Isselstein
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen

scholarly journals Effects of DCD addition to slurry on nitrate leaching in sandy soils

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Corre ◽  
K.B. Zwart
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

The effects of the addition of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) to cattle slurry, applied in autumn to an arable sandy soil, were investigated in a three-year field experiment in the Netherlands. Treatments included application of slurry with DCD in November and December, application of slurry without DCD in November, December and January, and an untreated (slurry or DCD) control. Degradation of DCD, changes in mineral nitrogen in the soil, and leaching of nitrate and DCD were measured. Degradation of DCD in the topsoil was complete in May after application in the autumn before. However, at a depth of 90 cm, DCD was found three months after application. DCD remained present in leachate sampled at this depth for more than one year after application. Most probably it was then leached to the groundwater. Application of DCD considerably delayed nitrification. It had a large effect on the vertical distribution of mineral nitrogen in spring; more mineral nitrogen was found in the 0-40 cm soil layer and less in the 40-100 cm soil layer. However, neither time of application of the slurry nor addition of DCD had a significant effect on nitrate leaching.

scholarly journals Field experiments with slurry and dicyandiamide: response of potatoes and effects on soil mineral nitrogen

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
W.P. Wadman ◽  
J.J. Neeteson ◽  
G.J. Wijnen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen

In the period of 1983-1985, 18 field experiments with potatoes grown for industrial starch production were set up in the Netherlands to investigate the effects of poultry-slurry application on tuber yield and on soil mineral nitrogen. Slurry was applied in autumn with and without the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) and in spring without DCD. Control treatments without slurry or DCD were included. Various nitrogen fertilizer rates were applied to all slurry treatments. In autumn, following slurry application without DCD, slurry-derived nitrate moved to the 0.3-0.6 and 0.6-1 m soil layers. Following DCD-application, most of the slurry-derived nitrate remained in the 0-0.3 m soil layer. Maximum yields as estimated from a nitrogen fertilizer response function were slightly increased by the slurry application. Nitrogen supplied from the slurry decreased the amount of fertilizer nitrogen needed for maximum yield. Increasing the amounts of soil mineral nitrogen in June from slurry or applied inorganic nitrogen fertilizer increased residual soil mineral nitrogen at harvest.

EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN VEGETABLES AND MINERAL NITROGEN IN TROPICAL SOILS OF MOROGORO, TANZANIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELINA A BAITILWAKE ◽  
SARA DE BOLLE ◽  
JOOST SALOMEZ ◽  
JEROME P MREMA ◽  
STEFAAN DE NEVE
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Application Rates

SUMMARYNitrogen (N) nutrition is a key factor for vegetable growth and yield. However, different rates of nitrogen fertilization may trigger different responses to vegetables. A survey was conducted to investigate the effect of soil fertility management practices on nitrate concentration in vegetables. The survey results were used to plan experiments on the effect of chicken and cattle manures on nitrate levels in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) and amaranthus (Amaranthus cruentus) grown in Tanzania and the patterns of mineral nitrogen in soils under open field conditions. Chicken or cattle manure at 200, 300 kg N ha−1and 170 250 kg N ha−1for Chinese cabbage and amaranthus respectively, and control were compared in a randomized complete block design. We observed a higher nitrate content in fertilized Chinese cabbage at day 30 than at day 44 after sowing, ranging from 3243 to 4993 mg kg−1fresh matter regardless of the N source and rates. Only application of manures at high levels (250 kg N ha−1) induced significantly (p< 0.05) higher nitrate contents in amaranthus at day 28 after sowing, although there was a clear indication of nitrate accumulation even at 170 kg N ha−1application. Soil NH4+-N + NO3−-N in both Chinese cabbage and amaranthus plots were increased with increasing N application rates and differences between control and amended soils were significant (p< 0.01). There was a positive relationship between NO3−concentration in vegetables and NO3−-N in the rooted top soil layer (0–15 cm). However, higher NH4+concentrations depressed NO3−build up in crops and a significant negative relationship between soil (NH4+-N)/(NO3−-N) ratio and crop NO3−content was found. It is concluded that low manure application rates result in similar yields to high rates but reduces nitrate accumulation in vegetables and excess mineral nitrogen in soils.

scholarly journals The spatial variability of mineral nitrogen content in topsoil and subsoil

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Haberle ◽  
M. Kroulík ◽  
P. Svoboda ◽  
J. Lipavský ◽  
J. Krejčová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Spatial Dependencies

Spatial variability of soil mineral nitrogen N<sub>min </sub>(N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>) in a soil profile down to 60 cm was determined in a&nbsp;19-ha experimental field in Prague-Ruzyně for four years. Winter wheat was grown in the years 2000 and 2001, oats in 2002 and mustard in 2003. Root length distribution and depth of the crops were determined at four locations representing different soil conditions within the experimental field. The coefficient of variation as the measure of the variability of nitrate N in topsoil and subsoil (0&ndash;30 and 30&ndash;60 cm, respectively) in the experimental years ranged between 18&ndash;39 and 20&ndash;37%, respectively. It was mostly the same or slightly greater in subsoil than in topsoil in respective years. The variability of ammonium N in topsoil and subsoil ranged between 4&ndash;58 and 11&ndash;27%, respectively. It was similar in topsoil and subsoil, except for autumn 2000. There was a positive relation between nitrate content in top and subsoil on all sampling terms. We did not find a relationship between N<sub>min</sub> contents in experimental years. Spatial dependencies were evaluated on the basis of model variogram parameters. The nugget value expressed as a&nbsp;percentage value of the total variogram&rsquo;s sill was used for the class of spatial dependence determination. When a spatial dependence of the observed factor was found it was within a range of medium-strong dependence. Only in two cases a strong spatial dependence was found. A considerable variability was also found out in the variogram&rsquo;s range, which was between 61 and396 m. All these facts pose a problem for further actions, such as appropriate design of a sampling grid, measured data spatial interpolation and application maps design.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Nitrogen Fertilizers Appplication for Winter Cereals Considering the Mineral Nitrogen Content in Soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
R. Timbare ◽  
M. Bušmanis
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Winter Cereals

In order to improve nitrogen fertilizers application recommendations for cereals, the soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin) investigations (1995 – 2000) were carried out on sod – podzolic and brown – lesssive loamy sand and loamy soils in co-operation with other research institutions. The soil samples for determination of NO3 – N and NH4 – N were taken in depth 0 - 20, 21 – 40 and 41 – 60 cm in spring before the start of growth on winter cereals fields, but in 2001,2002- also in autumn before the sowing of winter cereals. Data on soil properties, the amount of precipitation in autumn (August 1 until the first decade with the average temperature below 5 oC), preceding crops and the use of organic fertilizers at sites of investigations were considered. The determination of NO3 – N and NH4 – N content was carried out in wet soil samples using for extraction 1 M KCl. Statistical analysis of data obtained in spring has been carried out using MS EXCEL function CORREL, CORRELATION, REGRESSION and SPSS 8.0 for Windows (GLM procedure). According to this analysis the following model (R2 = 0,527) was elaborated: y = 103.513 – 13.515|X1=1 – 0.247·X3 – 27.069|X2=0 – 42.945|X2=1 – 39.044|X2=2 – 16.022|X2=3 – 44.212|X2=4 + 0.104·X3|X2=0 + 0.181·X3|X2=1+ 0.187·X3|X2=2 +0.117·X3|X2=3+0.175·X3|X2=4, where y- predicted Nmin content in spring in 0- 40 cm soil layer, kg ha-1; 103.513 – intercept; X3 – amount of precipitation in autumn, mm; X1 – soil texture; X1=1 – loamy sand soils, X2 – predecessor; X2=0 – cereals; X2=1 – perennial grass; X2=2 – tilled crops; X2=3 – legumes; X2=4 – green manure crops; X2=5- fallow. On the basis of this model and data on meteorological conditions at different sites of Latvia the recommendations on correction N top - dressing application rates for winter cereals in spring were prepared.

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