scholarly journals International Network, Social Capital and the Role of Muhammadiyah During the 2006 Yogyakarta Earthquake

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-292
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zahrul Anam ◽  
Sugito Sugito
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Transnational Advocacy ◽  
International Network ◽  
Transnational Advocacy Networks ◽  
Humanitarian Mission ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to investigate the impact of the international network and social capital on the effectiveness of Muhammadiyah’s emergency response in the 2006 Bantul earthquake. Despite paying more attention to religious and spiritual issues, Muhammadiyah, an Islamic-based social movement, plays a significant role in humanitarian issues. The 2006 earthquake in Bantul devastated public amenities, claimed thousands of people, and caused economic loss. The local government and private sectors of Bantul could not cope with the disaster. The most disaster-affected districts in Bantul Regency were Pundong, Bambanglipuro, and Jetis. Then, Muhammadiyah made an immediate emergency response to help those affected districts. In collaboration with overseas counterparts, Muhammadiyah collected humanitarian assistance. Muhammadiyah might not complete its humanitarian mission without the support of existing local Muhammadiyah in those districts. In other words, Muhammadiyah’s social capital is influential for humanitarian missions. This paper utilized two concepts to elaborate on the effectiveness of Muhammadiyah’s emergency response, namely transnational advocacy networks (TANs) and social capital. Then, this article argues that the higher level of TANs and social capital Muhammadiyah has, the more emergency response it can complete effectively. This paper discovered that three districts had different levels of TANs and social capital. In Pundong, the level of leverage politics (TANs) was higher than social capital. However, both Bambanglipuro and Jetis had a high level of social capital, whereas their leverage politics were low.

24. Conclusions and Outlook: The Future of Democratization

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian W. Haerpfer ◽  
Patrick Bernhagen ◽  
Ronald F. Inglehart ◽  
Christian Welzel
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Transnational Advocacy ◽  
Advocacy Networks ◽  
Business Elites ◽  
Transnational Advocacy Networks ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
International Environment ◽  
The Media

This volume has demonstrated how societies struggle to become and remain democratic. It has shown that democracy is not complete without the rule of law and that democracy does not include every political, social or economic condition that people consider desirable. It has highlighted the causal and contextual factors that affect the process of democratization and the consolidation of new democracies, including the international environment, the economy, business elites, mass beliefs, gender, social capital, social movements and transnational advocacy networks, voter behaviour, political parties, electoral systems, party systems, forms of government, and the media. This concluding chapter discusses a series of facilitating and impeding factors of democratization, including tactical, strategic, and developmental factors. It also considers factors shaping shallow democratization as well as factors shaping deep democratization. Finally, it identifies a number of challenges on the democratic agenda.

Social Media Activism From an Information Warfare and Security Perspective

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Brett van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Transnational Advocacy ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Media Advocacy ◽  
Media Activism ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The use of social media in advocacy, and particularly transnational advocacy, raises concerns of privacy and security for those conducting the advocacy and their contacts on social media. This chapter presents high-level summaries of cases of social media in advocacy and activism from the perspectives of information warfare and information security. From an analysis of these, the impact and relationships of social media in transnational advocacy and information security is discussed. Whilst online advocacy can be considered to be a form of information warfare aligned to a Cyber Macht theory, it can be argued that social media advocacy negatively impacts information security as it encourages various actors to actively attempt to breach security.

Social Media Activism From an Information Warfare and Security Perspective

2019 ◽  
pp. 528-539
Author(s):  
Brett van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Transnational Advocacy ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Media Advocacy ◽  
Media Activism ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The use of social media in advocacy, and particularly transnational advocacy, raises concerns of privacy and security for those conducting the advocacy and their contacts on social media. This chapter presents high-level summaries of cases of social media in advocacy and activism from the perspectives of information warfare and information security. From an analysis of these, the impact and relationships of social media in transnational advocacy and information security is discussed. Whilst online advocacy can be considered to be a form of information warfare aligned to a Cyber Macht theory, it can be argued that social media advocacy negatively impacts information security as it encourages various actors to actively attempt to breach security.

“Healing Alone?”: Social Capital, Racial Diversity and Health Care Inequality in the American States

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Care Access ◽  
American States ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level ◽  
Domain I ◽  
The Impact

There is an influential tradition in political science that social capital, defined as mutual trust and civic engagement, is linked to better substantive outcomes for citizens in democracies. Recently, scholars who link social capital to race and inequality have challenged this favorable picture of social capital. This study draws from the scholarly discussion on how social capital affects inequality in diverse societies. Focusing on the health care domain, I use a new dynamic measure of social capital to evaluate the “social capital thesis” and “racial diversity thesis” of inequality. Moreover, I explore how these two political forces are intertwined with each other in shaping the unequal health care access across American states. Key empirical findings confirm that social capital and racial diversity are counterbalancing forces shaping health care inequality. Despite it reduces health care inequality, the impact of social capital is tempered with high level of racial diversity.

Bringing Local Voices to the Global Negotiation Table: Norm Dissemination and Consensus Building on Tropical Forests and Climate Change

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria G. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Consensus Building ◽  
Transnational Advocacy ◽  
Transnational Advocacy Networks ◽  
Advocacy Network ◽  
The Impact

AbstractInitially rejected by the parties to the Kyoto Protocol, efforts to protect tropical forests are now an accepted strategy to mitigate the impact of climate change. Inspired by long-standing demands of Amazonia’s forests peoples, the notion of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) has been embraced in global arenas. What accounts for this shift in perceptions about the relation between forests and climate change? Answers lie in the efforts of a transnational advocacy network (TAN) at norm dissemination and consensus-building within Brazil and in the Kyoto Protocol. This study highlights the importance of domestic activism unfolding in democratizing societies to enhance the influence of transnational advocacy networks in norm dissemination and consensus building in global arenas. It enlarges the explanatory power of normative approaches by documenting a case in which the idea and set of values being globally propagated do not emanate from a Western liberal tradition.

scholarly journals Analisis Perkiraan Biaya Ekonomi Deforestasi Di Kalimantan Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Akhmad Yani
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Almost all forest areas in the districts / cities in West Kalimantan experience reduced area. Reducing the area of forest area or deforestation can, of course, have a detrimental impact on the environment which in turn can disrupt the sustainability of development itself. Deforestation has ecological, economic and social impacts. The higher the rate of deforestation, it will cause the potential impact will also increase. West Kalimantan experienced a fairly high level of deforestation. This gives an indication that the impact caused by deforestation in West Kalimantan has a relatively high potential. In other words, deforestation causes losses including economic losses. Related to this, the research question is how much economic value is the loss caused by deforestation in West Kalimantan? This research has 2 (two) objectives: first, calculating the economic costs of deforestation in West Kalimantan during the period 2009-2015, and second, analyzing the effect of the economic costs of deforestation on West Kalimantan's GDP during the period 2009-2015. Based on the data base for the period 2009 to 2015 and using the benefit transfer technique, this research has found that the highest economic losses occur in the secondary production forest and the lowest in the conservation forest area. Furthermore, during the period 2009 to 2015, this study has found that the highest economic loss value occurred in 2013 and the lowest occurred in 2011. Overall, the value of economic losses in the form of a combination of depletion and degradation provides a less significant reduction on the value of the forestry sub-sector GRDP in West Kalimantan.

scholarly journals Fostering online social capital during the COVID-19 pandemic and new normal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Iwan Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Staying At Home

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia shows a worrying phenomenon. The trend of increasing cases continues, with the number of confirmed cases approaching 4000 cases a day. Efforts to implement social distancing have been carried out in various regions which show a significant number of cases. At present, the Indonesian government has also prepared economic recovery through the new normal concept, by reopening public service activities and business economy while strictly implementing health protocols. This paper tries to provide a conception of online social capital to recommend solving the pandemic problem. Online social capital will generate productivity in people's lives in adherence to health protocols such as handwashing, wearing face masks, and other protective measures attempts. Furthermore, online social capital is expected to have an impact on smoothing the infection curve and stopping the transmission of the virus. This article suggests four steps including managing infodemic and literacy capacity, staying at home and protecting families from the spread of the virus, utilizing digital communication effectively, and preparing emergency response procedures for disaster management.JEL Classification H51; I18; O35

scholarly journals Structural determinants of human rights prosecutions after democratic transition

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hun Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Diffusion Theory ◽  
National Study ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Transnational Advocacy ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Advocacy Networks ◽  
Transnational Advocacy Networks ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
The Impact

Over the last three decades, a growing number of countries have experienced a transition from authoritarianism to democracy, and the new governments have been increasingly expected to address past human rights violations. While the academic literature on the impact of human rights prosecution is relatively well developed, the literature on the causes of such prosecution is still sparse. Why do states pursue criminal prosecutions against former state officials on the charge of human rights violations? This article answers this question by testing three key theories: the balance of power between old and new elites, transnational advocacy networks, and the diffusion theory. I conduct a cross-national study of 71 countries that were in a state of democratic transitions between 1980 and 2006, using a new dataset on domestic human rights prosecutions. I find strong evidence to support the transnational advocacy networks and diffusion explanations. First, active domestic and international human rights advocacy for individual criminal accountability is a key factor guaranteeing persistent and frequent human rights prosecutions. My study further shows that domestic advocacy plays a crucial role in criminal prosecutions of high-profile state officials while international pressure is more effective in promoting prosecutions of low-profile officials. Second, the diffusion theory is also supported since the occurrence of human rights prosecution in neighboring countries is a relevant factor. Interestingly, transitional countries are most sensitive to trials occurring in culturally or linguistically similar countries and this supports the constructivist norm diffusion theory, which focuses on the role of identity and communication in the diffusion process. However, I find that the power balance explanation, which has been the prevailing explanation, is valid only for the immediate use of human rights prosecutions.

scholarly journals Impact of teachers’ social capital on their professional performance: a narrative inquiry

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafiq ◽  
Abdul Ghaffar ◽  
Amir Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Male Subject ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Part Time ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of social capital on teachers’ professional performance. The participants were ten male subject specialists from government higher secondary schools of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The method of data collection was one-on-one in person through in-depth interview. Teachers’ narratives showed that teachers who had stronger social capital performed better their others. Performance of the teachers who showed high level of participation and willingness were those with high social capital. They were more interested in curricular and co-curricular activities that enhanced their professional performance. There is a strong bond of good relationship between teachers and students that was an efficient solution to meet the different needs of a classroom collectively as well as individual students, which impacts positively on students’ learning and teachers’ performance. There was no contribution from parents for success of the students. Owing to financial constraints, the parents were more inclined to engage their children for earning and part time job. Moreover, lack of awareness, jobless white collars in their surroundings, labouring and earning livelihood far away from home are the reasons that they take negligible interest in contributing to the success of their children.

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