scholarly journals Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and thiazolidinediones in diabetic nephropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2344
Author(s):  
Navneet O. Soni ◽  
Saroja V. Pawar ◽  
Sheetal Kale ◽  
Uday A. Mane ◽  
Pravin U. Bhosale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Intracellular Mechanism ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Expansion Effect

Diabetic nephropathy is global problem with several drugs into trial without much success the current article highlights the role of thiazolidinedione’s in diabetic nephropathy by scrutinizing and reconnoitring the cellular and intracellular mechanism and shielding action and the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptors (PPARγ) receptors. Not only anti-diabetic action but renal protective effect with evidence based study has been highlighted. PPAR γ-is versatile target having numerous benefits and mainly preventing fibrosis in diabetic experimental model and some clinical case report yet, the benefits are not up to mark, since renal failure itself causes volume expansion and the thiazolidinedione’s (TZDs) also preserve salt and water and lead to congestive heart failure which constraints its clinical application. Dual activators and balaglitazone selective PPAR modulator are having upcoming potential for treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Further detail investigation on such drug is needed to explore. However adverse effect like heart failure, osteoporosis and volume expansion effect over-rides the beneficial effect thus limiting its clinical use of currently available TZDs.

scholarly journals PPAR-γ: Therapeutic Potential for Multiple Sclerosis

PPAR Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Drew ◽  
Jihong Xu ◽  
Michael K. Racke
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in altering lipid and glucose metabolism is well established. More recent studies indicate that PPARs also play critical roles in controlling immune responses. We and others have previously demonstrated that PPAR-γagonists modulate the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). This review will discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these agonists are believed to modulate disease. The therapeutic potential of PPAR-γagonists in the treatment of multiple sclerosis will also be considered.

Interrelationship between diabetes mellitus and heart failure: the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in left ventricle performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
Konstantinos Mourouzis ◽  
Petros Fountoulakis ◽  
Georgios Angelos Papamikroulis ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

New trends in the pharmacological intervention of PPARs in obesity: Role of natural and synthetic compounds_

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Nabavi ◽  
Kasi Pandima Devi ◽  
Sethuraman Sathya ◽  
Ana Sanches-Silva ◽  
Listos Joanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

: Obesity is a major health concern for a growing fraction of the population, with the prevalence of obesity and its related metabolic disorders not being fully understood. Over the last decade, many attempts have been undertaken to understand the mechanisms at the basis of this condition, in which the accumulation of fat occurring in adipose tissue, leads to the pathogenesis of obesity related disorders. Among the most recent studies, those on Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) revealed that these nuclear receptor proteins acting as transcription factors, among others, regulate the expression of genes involved in energy, lipid, and glucose metabolisms, and chronic inflammation. The three different isotypes of PPARs, with different tissue expression and ligand binding specificity, exert similar or overlapping functions directly or indirectly linked to obesity. In this study, we reviewed the available scientific reports concerning the PPARs structure and functions, especially in obesity, considering both natural and synthetic ligands and their role in the therapy of obesity and obesity-associated disorders. In the whole, the collected data show that there are both natural and synthetic compounds that show beneficial promising activity as PPAR agonists in chronic diseases related to obesity.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Linked Cardiac Dysfunction: An Up-Date on Current Knowledge

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas ◽  
Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez ◽  
Alejandra Meza-Rios ◽  
Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez ◽  
Marina Galicia-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
White Adipocyte ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Obesity is defined as excessive body fat accumulation, and worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. Excess of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides in obese individuals promote ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver, skeletal muscle tissue, and heart, among others, inducing insulin resistance, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (T2D), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These diseases are promoted by visceral white adipocyte tissue (WAT) dysfunction through an increase in pro-inflammatory adipokines, oxidative stress, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and adverse changes in the gut microbiome. In the heart, obesity and T2D induce changes in substrate utilization, tissue metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation, leading to myocardial fibrosis and ultimately cardiac dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, also improve insulin sensitivity, triglyceride levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the molecular mechanisms involved in obesity-linked CVD pathophysiology, considering pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hormones, as well as the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and PPARs. In addition, cell lines and animal models, biomarkers, gut microbiota dysbiosis, epigenetic modifications, and current therapeutic treatments in CVD associated with obesity are outlined in this paper.

scholarly journals 15-Deoxy-∆-12,14-Prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), an Endogenous Ligand of PPAR-γ: Function and Mechanism

PPAR Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Chuanyong Guo ◽  
Jianye Wu
Keyword(s):  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Endogenous Ligand ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Structure Synthesis ◽  
Functional Mechanisms ◽  
Prostaglandin J2

15-Deoxy-∆-12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), a natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, has been explored in some detail over the last 20 years. By triggering the PPAR-γ signalling pathway, it plays many roles and exerts antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, antifibrosis, and antiangiogenesis effects. Although many synthetic PPAR-γ receptor agonists have been developed, as an endogenous product of PPAR-γ receptors, 15d-PGJ2 has beneficial characteristics including rapid expression and the ability to contribute to a natural defence mechanism. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in our knowledge of the biological role of 15d-PGJ2 mediated through PPAR-γ. It is important to understand its structure, synthesis, and functional mechanisms to develop preventive agents and limit the progression of associated diseases.

scholarly journals Effects of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR)-γ and -α agonists on cochlear protection from oxidative stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e0188596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Sekulic-Jablanovic ◽  
Vesna Petkovic ◽  
Matthew B. Wright ◽  
Krystsina Kucharava ◽  
Nathan Huerzeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Role of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-gamma activation on visfatin, advanced glycation end products, and renal oxidative stress in obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1187-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tabassum ◽  
T Mahboob
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products

The present study focused on the role of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) activation on renal oxidative damages, serum visfatin, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. Following the institutional animal ethics committee guidelines, Wistar rats were categorized into five groups: group 1: fed on a normal rat diet; group 2: HFD-induced obese rats (HFD for 8 weeks); group 3: HFD-fed rats treated with rosiglitazone (RSG; 3 mg/kg orally for 7 days); group 4: T2DM rats induced by HFD and low dose of streptozotocin (i.p. 35 mg/kg); group 5: T2DM rats treated with RSG (3 mg/kg orally for 7 days). Serum levels of AGEs and visfatin, renal damage, and oxidative stress were analyzed. Results showed that HFD-induced obesity and T2DM caused an elevated blood glucose, serum AGEs, visfatin, insulin, urea, creatinine, and tissue malondialdehyde, whereas a decreased catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were observed. The PPAR-γ activation via agonist restored these changes. Our findings suggest that AGEs and visfatin possess an important role in the progression of renal oxidative stress, which can be reduced by the PPAR-γ agonist that impede deleterious effects of HFD and HFD-induced T2DM on renal damage.

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